Biographies of learned biologists. Gregor Johann Mendel. presentation for a lesson in biology on the topic. Presentation on the topic "Gregor John Mendel" Education and scientific activities
July 22, 1822 - January 6, 1884 Gregor Johann Mendel
JULY 22, 1822 -
JANUARY 6, 1884
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1822 in
small
rural town
Heinzdorf
(Austrian
empire, now
Czech Republic) in
peasant
Anton's family and
Rosina Mendel
a boy was born
Johann.
Augustine Monastery of St. Thomas
AUGUSTINE MONASTERY OF ST. THOMASinterest in nature began
show up early. Already
worked as a boy
gardener.
After studying for two years in
philosophy class
Olmutz Institute,
1843 got a haircut in
Augustinian monks
monastery of St. Thomas in
Brunne (now Brno,
Czech Republic) and took the name Gregor
University of Vienna where Mendel taught
From 1844 to1848 Mendel
studied at Brunn
theological
institute.
On one's own
studied many sciences.
replaced
teachers
Greek,
mathematics in one
from schools.
VIENNA UNIVERSITY WHERE MENDEL TEACHED
Passing exams for the teacher received "failed" in biology and geology. In 1856 he made two more attempts to pass the exam in biology, but they
BECAME A PRIEST IN 1847ABBA ARMS GREGOR MENDEL
PASSING EXAMS FOR THE TEACHER GOT "FAIL" IN BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY.
IN 1856 MAKED TWO MORE ATTEMPT TO PASS THE EXAM IN BIOLOGY, BUT THEY ENDED
FAILURE.
GREGOR MENDEL REMAINED A MONK AND THEN BECAME ABBAT OF THE AUGUSTIN MONASTERY.
Hybridological mendel method
EXPERIMENTALMONASTERY GARDEN
FROM 1856 TO 1863, MENDEL WAS
EXPERIMENTS ON PEA IN THE MONASTERY GARDEN
HYBRIDOLOGICAL MENDEL METHOD
Mendel chose organisms belonging to pure lines for experiments (no splitting was observed during self-pollination) and observed
MENDEL CHOOSE FOR EXPERIMENTS ORGANISMS RELATED TOTO PURE LINES (NO SPLITTING WAS OBSERVED WHEN SELF-POllinated) AND
OVERVIEW THE INHERITANCE OF ALTERNATIVE (MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE)
SIGNS. Mendel was persistent
observant and very
patient. Studying the form
plant seeds,
obtained in a row
crossbreeds, he
explanations
patterns
transmission of only one
sign "smooth wrinkled" subjected
analysis of 7324 peas. March 8, 1865
Mendel reported
results of their
Brunnian experiments
Society
natural scientists
which at the end
next year
published a synopsis
his report under
titled "Experiments
over vegetable
hybrids." But work
aroused interest in
contemporaries.
Mendel's laws
LAWSMENDEL
Mendel undertook
a number of attempts to confirm
discovery of their laws
other biological species.
He ran a series
crossbreeding experiments
hawk species,
then bees.
In both cases it
tragic
disappointment. Great
the scientist himself lost faith in
that made the discovery.
In 1868, Mendel was elected abbot of the monastery and no longer engaged in biological research.
IN 1868 MENDEL WAS ELECTED RectorMONASTERY AND MORE BIOLOGICAL
DID NOT DO RESEARCH.
1900 IS CONSIDERED THE BIRTH OF GENETICS
Beginning in 1900, after the almost simultaneous publicationarticles by three scientists - geneticist G. de Vries (Holland), botany
K. Korrensa (Germany), geneticist E. Chermak (Austria), independently
who confirmed Mendel's data with their own experiments, there was
instant explosion of recognition for his work. It was found that the laws
Mendel are universal and valid for allelic genes,
located on different homologous chromosomes.
1900 IS CONSIDERED A YEAR
THE BIRTH OF GENETICS
Mendel's services to biological science
MERITS OF MENDEL TO BIOLOGICAL SCIENCECreated scientific principles
descriptions and studies
hybrids and their offspring.
Developed and applied
algebraic system
symbols and symbols
signs.
formulated two main
principle or law
inheritance of traits in a series
generations to make
predictions.
at the Mendel Museum
ON THE SITE OF THE MONASTERY IN THE CITY OF BRNO NOW THE MENDEL MUSEUM IS CREATED,A SPECIAL MAGAZINE "FOLIA MENDELIANA" IS PUBLISHED
AT THE MENDEL MUSEUM
"My time will come" inscription on the monument
A MONUMENT TO MENDEL IN FRONT OF THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM IN BRNO WAS BUILT IN1910 ON THE FUNDS HAVE COLLECTED BY SCIENTISTS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
"MY TIME WILL COME" INscription ON THE MONUMENT
"Family tree" - Zeus is the father of Dionysus. Semele is the mother of Dionysus. The line of communication characterizes the relationship between the individual and the family. Practical work "Building a genealogical family tree: a scheme." A simple family tree. Lesson plan. New woman. Harmony is the queen. Deities - Zeus, Hera, Ares, Aphrodite. Electric circuit.
"Laws of Mendel" - Dihybrid crossing. Define dominant and recessive traits. R. AB. ?. Lesson on the basics of genetics 10 cells. Ab. ?. What kind of cross is called monohybrid? Mendel's third law is the law of independent combination. Compiled by a teacher of the highest category Goryachkina O.Yu.
"Connection of generations" - Communication, contemplation, creativity. The phenomenon of attention as the basis of conscious evolution. Genetic. Human??? Different ways of working with attention: But not all information is transmitted in the form of a genetic code. …The human species is evolving and the pace of evolution is accelerating… Man. Relationships.
"Heredity" - Variability - a common property of all living organisms to exist in various forms. Punnett lattice. Cell. Modern chromosome theory explains the laws of G. Mendel. Chromosomal theory of heredity. 1900 - G. de Vries, K. Correns, E. Cermak rediscovered Mendel's laws.
"Mendel's Law in Biology" - Substituted for teachers of Greek, mathematics in one of the schools. Hybridological method of Mendel. From 1844 to 1848 Mendel studied at the Brünn Theological Institute. Passing exams for the teacher received "failed" in biology and geology. In 1847 he became a priest. From 1856 to 1863, Mendel conducted experiments on peas in the monastery garden.
"Inheritance in the interaction of genes" - II group. JA JB. Intermediate inheritance with incomplete dominance. Cleavage by phenotype in F2 1:2:1. Aawv. Gene. J0. g: Dictionary. R. 2. In a mink, dark fur is incompletely dominant over white (heterozygotes are cochinurs).
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Presentation slides
slide 1
Mendel Gregor Johann
Compiled by Bolshakov S.V.
slide 2
Date of birth: July 20, 1822) Place of birth: Heinzendorf, now Ginchice (part of the village of Vrazhne), Silesia, Austrian Empire Date of death: January 6, 1884) (61 years old) Place of death: Brno, Austria-Hungary Citizenship: Austrian Empire Scientific field: Genetics Occupation: Abbey of St. Thomas, Brno Known as: Father of genetics, discoverer of the laws of heredity
slide 3
Johann Mendel was born on July 22, 1822 into a peasant family of Anton and Rosina Mendel in the small rural town of Heinzendorf (Austrian Empire, later Austria-Hungary, now Ginchice (part of the village of Vrazhne) near Novy Jichin, Czech Republic). In addition to him, the family had two daughters (older and younger sisters). He began to show interest in nature early, already as a boy working as a gardener.
slide 4
After studying for two years in the philosophical classes of the Olmutz Institute, in 1843 he took the vows of the Augustinian monastery of St. Thomas in Brunn (now Brno, Czech Republic) and took the name Gregor. From 1844 to 1848 he studied at the Brünn Theological Institute. In 1847 he became a priest. He independently studied many sciences, replaced the absent teachers of the Greek language and mathematics in one of the schools. While passing the exam for the title of teacher, he received, oddly enough, unsatisfactory grades in biology and geology.
Slide 5
In 1849-1851. taught mathematics, Latin and Greek at the Znojmo gymnasium. In the period 1851-53, thanks to the rector, he studied natural history at the University of Vienna, including under the guidance of Unger, one of the first cytologists in the world. While in Vienna, Mendel became interested in the process of plant hybridization and, in particular, in the different types of hybrid descendants and their statistical relationships.
slide 6
In 1854, Mendel got a job as a teacher of physics and natural history at the Higher Real School in Brunn, without being a graduate. Two more attempts to pass the biology exam in 1856 ended in failure, and Mendel remained a monk, and later an abbot of the Augustinian monastery. Inspired by the study of changes in plant traits, from 1856 to 1863 he began to conduct experiments on peas in the experimental monastery garden, and formulated the laws explaining the mechanism of inheritance, known to us as "Mendel's Laws".
Slide 7
On March 8, 1865, Mendel reported the results of his experiments to the Brunnian Society of Naturalists, which at the end of the following year published a summary of his report in the next volume of the Proceedings of the Society ... under the title "Experiments on Plant Hybrids." This volume has been included in 120 university libraries in the world. Mendel ordered 40 separate reprints of his work, almost all of which he sent to major botanical researchers. But the work did not arouse interest among contemporaries.
Slide 8
Mendel made a discovery of extreme importance, and at first he himself was convinced of this. But then he made a number of attempts to confirm this discovery on other biological species, and for this purpose he conducted a series of experiments on crossing varieties of hawks, a plant of the aster family, and then on crossing varieties of bees. In both cases, a tragic disappointment awaited him: the results obtained by him on peas were not confirmed on other species. The reason was that the fertilization mechanisms of both hawks and bees had features that science was not yet aware of at that time, and these features were not taken into account by the crossing methods that Mendel used in his experiments. In the end, the great scientist himself lost faith in the fact that he had made a discovery.
Gregor Johann Mendel
Biography, achievements, contributions to biology, Mendel's laws
Ivanova Elena
Gregor Johann Mendel was born 150 years ago - July 22, 1822. Here is his story as it is usually presented in biographies. ... Johann Mendel was born in Czech Silesia, in the family of a poor peasant. ... Johann Mendel was born in Czech Silesia, in the family of a poor peasant. Graduated from high school in Opava(Troppau) and the Seminary at Olomouc University, which produced rural priests and teachers of parochial schools. And having finished it, in the fall 1843 In 2011 he entered the monastery of St. Thomas in Brno, which belonged to the Augustinian Order, where he took the monastic name Gregor. Mendel graduated from a theological institute, became a learned theologian and was ordained a priest, but preferred a career as a shepherd of souls as a teacher and went to Znojmo, a small town in southern Moravia, to teach ancient languages and mathematics at the gymnasium, and then switched to physics and natural history. Mendel graduated from a theological institute, became a learned theologian and was ordained a priest, but preferred a career as a shepherd of souls as a teacher and went to Znojmo, a small town in southern Moravia, to teach ancient languages and mathematics at the gymnasium, and then switched to physics and natural history. However, a diploma in theology did not give the right to teach these subjects. Mendel was offered to take exams for the title of teacher. And he brilliantly passed physics. But he failed in Biology. He spoke excellently about botany, but when he was asked to talk about the classification of mammals and their economic significance, however, a diploma in theology did not give the right to teach these subjects. Mendel was offered to take exams for the title of teacher. And he brilliantly passed physics. But he failed in Biology. He spoke excellently about botany, but when he was asked to talk about the classification of mammals and their economic significance
He singled out such groups as "animals with paws" and "claw-footed". Of the "claw-footed", where Mendel enrolled only a wolf, a dog and a cat
“Only the cat is of economic importance”, because it “feeds on mice” and “its soft beautiful skin is processed by furriers”.
And according to his classification, elephants were in the order of ungulates.
For eight years, in a small - 35 by 7 meters - garden under the windows of the monastery, he set up experiments on crossing peas. This work took on enormous proportions over time. Mendel himself made over ten thousand crosses. The outcome of this eight-year-old labor became his theory. For eight years, in a small - 35 by 7 meters - garden under the windows of the monastery, he set up experiments on crossing peas. This work took on enormous proportions over time. Mendel himself made over ten thousand crosses. The outcome of this eight-year-old labor became his theory.
After failing the exam, a frustrated Mendel gave up his dreams of getting a diploma. However, even without him, Mendel taught physics and biology as an assistant teacher. During these years, Mendel became interested in experiments on plants and meteorological observations.
Mendel's laws are the principles of the transmission of hereditary traits from parent organisms to their offspring, arising from his experiments.
The law of uniformity of hybrids of the first generation (Mendel's first law) - when crossing two homozygous organisms belonging to different pure lines and differing from each other in one pair of alternative manifestations of the trait, the entire first generation of hybrids will be uniform and will carry the manifestation of the trait of one of the parents.
Splitting law (Mendel's second law) - when two heterozygous offspring of the first generation are crossed among themselves in the second generation, splitting is observed in a certain numerical ratio: according to the phenotype 3:1, according to the genotype 1:2:1.
The law of independent inheritance (Mendel's third law) - when crossing two homozygous individuals that differ from each other in two (or more) pairs of alternative traits, genes and their corresponding traits are inherited independently of each other and are combined in all possible combinations (as in monohybrid crossing).
In 1863 Darwin's famous book On the Origin of Species was published in German. Mendel carefully studied this work with a pencil in his hands. And he told his colleague in the Brunn Society of Naturalists Gustave Nissl the result of his thoughts: In 1863, Darwin's famous book On the Origin of Species was published in German. Mendel carefully studied this work with a pencil in his hands. And he told his colleague in the Brünn Society of Naturalists Gustave Nissl the result of his reflections: ─ This is not all, there is still something missing! Mendel then modestly kept silent about the fact that, in his opinion, he had already discovered this “missing” February 8, 1865 Mendel gave a report on his discoveries to the Brunnian Society of Naturalists. February 8, 1865 Mendel gave a report on his discoveries to the Brunnian Society of Naturalists. A year later, the next volume of the Proceedings of the Society of Naturalists in Brunn was published, where Mendel's report was published in abridgement under the modest title A year later, the next volume of the Proceedings of the Society of Naturalists in Brunn was published, where Mendel's report was published in abridgement under the modest title "Experiments on plant hybrids". For the next 35 years, Mendel's work piled up on library shelves. For the next 35 years, Mendel's work piled up on library shelves. In 1868, Mendel abandoned his experiments on breeding hybrids. Then he was elected to the high post of abbot of the monastery, which he held until the end of his life. This is the only surviving page of Mendel's calculations. It has not yet been established to what experiments and what plants it refers to. People have not forgotten Mendel For outstanding services, Mendel was presented with a personal coat of arms. The monument to Mendel in front of the memorial museum in Brno was built in 1910 with funds raised by scientists from all over the world. One of the modern Western geneticists wrote with dissatisfaction: "In literature, Mendel appears before us in the guise of a simple and unsophisticated monk: this is capable of creating the impression that his discovery was a matter of chance, as if the discovery was made by a person far from the subject." What is wrong with the stories about Mendel? The motives of the legend about the accidental discoveries, leading their tradition back to the famous fairy tale about Archimedes' bath ... Neither the time nor the place of scientific discoveries are accidental, just as they are not given by lucky luck to people unprepared for their accomplishment.Gregor Johann Mendel
Augustine Monastery of St. Thomas
- Interest in nature began to show early. Already a boy he worked as a gardener. After studying for two years in the philosophical class of the Olmutz Institute, in 1843 he took the vows of the Augustinian monastery of St. Thomas in Brunn (now Brno, Czech Republic) and took the name Gregor
University of Vienna where Mendel taught
From 1844 to 1848 Mendel studied at the Brünn Theological Institute. Independently studied many sciences. He replaced the teachers of the Greek language, mathematics in one of the schools.
Passing exams for the teacher received "failed" in biology and geology. In 1856, he made two more attempts to pass the biology exam, but they ended in failure. Gregor Mendel remained a monk and later became abbot of an Augustinian monastery.
Became a priest in 1847
Abbey coat of arms of Gregor Mendel
Hybridological mendel method
From 1856 to 1863, Mendel conducted experiments on peas in the monastery garden.
Experimental monastery garden
On March 8, 1865, Mendel reported the results of his experiments to the Brunnian Society of Naturalists, which at the end of the following year published a summary of his report under the title "Experiments on plant hybrids". But the work on aroused interest among contemporaries.
Mendel's laws
- Mendel made a number of attempts to confirm the discovery of his laws in other biological species. He conducted a series of experiments on crossing varieties of hawks, then - bees. In both cases, he was met with a tragic disappointment. The great scientist himself lost faith in the fact that he had made a discovery.
Mendel's services to biological science
- Created scientific principles for the description and study of hybrids and their offspring.
- Developed and applied an algebraic system of symbols and designations of features.
- He formulated two basic principles, or the law of inheritance of traits in a number of generations, which allow making predictions.
"My time will come" inscription on the monument
The monument to Mendel in front of the memorial museum in Brno was built in 1910 with funds raised by scientists from all over the world.
