DI. Burylin. Biography. State budgetary institution of the Ivanovo region "Ivanovo State Museum of History and Local Lore named after D.G. Burylin See what "Burylin, Dmitry Gennadievich" is in other dictionaries

Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin, his good deeds occupy a special place in the history and in today's life of our native city, to a large extent determine the current spiritual and moral image of the regional center, its creative aura.

Among the Russian industrialists and entrepreneurs of the late XIX - early XX century, there were many bright personalities who stood out against the background of people in their circle. Thanks to their originality, talent, heat of the soul - these people entered our Patriotic history. Our fellow countryman, a hereditary honorary citizen, industrialist, public figure, philanthropist, collector of “antiquities and rarities”, founder of the unique Museum of Industry and Art in the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin, belonged to the number of such people.

According to archival data, he was born on February 4 (16), 1852 in Voznesenskaya Sloboda, near the village of Ivanovo, in the house of his grandfather Diodor Andreevich Burylin, a merchant of the third guild. Diodor Andreevich Burylin was a literate and, at that time, quite educated person, he loved to read and had a small library. He collected old church printed books of the 17th century, rare coins and collectibles, which he called treasures and carefully kept in a special room in his house. Grandson Dmitry often asked to show him these collections, examined them with great interest and listened attentively to his grandfather's stories about the things he had collected. Grandmother Evdokia Mikhailovna, noticing her grandson's genuine interest in antique objects, in 1864 handed over to Dmitry all grandfather's rarities.

In 1866, 14-year-old Dmitry and his 16-year-old brother Nikolai began, in fact, to manage the work of a cotton-printing factory built by Diodor Andreevich Burylin and took care of their sisters and sick parents.

Factory business D.G. Burylin grew stronger, developed and became famous. In 1882, in Moscow, at the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition, he was awarded a laudable review of factory production. New plans for the development and improvement of the factory were carried out by him thanks to hard work and knowledge of all the intricacies of the textile business.

In 1884, when Dmitry Gennadievich was 32 years old, his wife Maria Stepanovna, nee Romanova, died. From this marriage, D.G. Burylin left four children. Two years later, on January 12, 1886, Dmitry Gennadievich married for the second time with Anna Aleksandrovna Noskova, the daughter of a poor Yaroslavl cloth merchant. This marriage turned out to be a happy one, Burylin had five more children. Thanks to the kindest heart of Dmitry Gennadievich and the courage of Anna Alexandrovna, their family was surprisingly friendly and everyone in it loved each other. D.G. Burylin was a man of advanced views, did not interfere with the higher education of his daughters, despite the fact that this was not accepted at that time, and allowed each of them to develop according to their abilities and inclinations.

To the best of his strength and capabilities, D.G. Burylin sought to promote the development of education, medicine, culture in his native city, helped in the improvement of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. In 1910, at his own expense, he built a boulevard on Aleksandrovskaya Street opposite his family home. To do this, he brought 224 lime trees and a thousand hawthorn bushes from Riga, which he planted on both sides of the road, and installed beautiful metal gratings. D.G. Burylin was an honorary member of the boards of trustees of various educational institutions, parochial schools, allocating significant funds and fabrics for them, donated funds for the construction of hospitals and shelters.

Having received only a home education, D.G. Burylin was a man with surprisingly versatile interests. He was very seriously engaged in the history of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, with great respect for every page of the past of his native city. It is thanks to D.G. Burylin, the wooden Assumption Church, built at the beginning of the 17th century, has been preserved in the city. in the village of Ivanovo at the Intercession Monastery. Cherished, but, unfortunately, unfulfilled, remained the dream of D.G. Burylin to write and leave to fellow countrymen the history of the city of Ivanov-Voznesensk.

Passion for collecting, love for antique and rare things determined the goal of his life - to create a museum for everyone to see, for everyone. “The museum is my soul, and the factory is a source of funds for life and its replenishment,” Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin once said words that surprisingly accurately convey his desire.

For the collection of D.G. Burylin spent colossal funds. Despite the fact that the family often needed money, he acquired paintings, drawings, sculptures, old books, ethnographic items, and various rarities.

To replenish the collections, Dmitry Gennadievich traveled to various cities of Russia. Traveled to England, Austria, Germany, Greece, Egypt, Italy, Poland, Turkey, France, Finland, Belgium, Switzerland. In these countries, he visited museums and antique shops, looked for lovers of antiquity and brought many valuable household items and art. Natural mind and well-developed intuition, travel around the world, live communication with people of culture and art made D.G. Burylin is a man of broad outlook.

In 1913 D.G. Burylin, together with his wife Anna Alexandrovna, visited Egypt, where he acquired a mummy in a sarcophagus. In the autumn of 1913, the mummy was safely delivered by rail to Ivanovo-Voznesensk.

The ethnographic collections collected by D.G. Burylin during trips. The largest was the Russian collection. A wide variety of household items, dishes, utensils, ivory items, clothing, hats, a large collection of Russian weapons, a huge collection of fabric samples, starting with hand-made heels of the 17th-18th centuries, were presented here. The department of the East was of real museum value. His pride is a unique collection of objects of the Buddhist cult - there was no such thing in all of Russia in pre-revolutionary times. One of the rarities in the collection of D.G. Burylin had a universal astronomical clock. The numismatic collection was very rich. Back in 1885, it contained up to one hundred thousand coins, orders and medals of the 16th-20th centuries from 236 states.

One of the best in Russia was the Masonic collection. It contained the rarest Masonic signs of all countries, manuscripts, symbolic clothes.

The collection of books and manuscripts was rich and varied. Among them are genuine rarities: the edition of Ivan Fedorov, incunabula, a large collection of Bibles in all European languages, which was considered the best in Russia.

One of the most significant museum collections is the textile fund, in which a large number of fabric samples from Russia, Europe, and the East were presented. From the end of the 1880s, D.G. Burylin presented his collections at many exhibitions in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod. In the autumn of 1911, an exhibition dedicated to the memory of the great writer L.N. Tolstoy. D.G. Burylin met with the writer, corresponded with him and with Sofia Andreevna Tolstaya, sent chintz and satin for peasant children to Yasnaya Polyana. Activities of D.G. Burylin to collect memorabilia, documents about L.N. Tolstoy and the popularization of his work received public recognition. In May 1917, D.G. Burylin was unanimously elected a full member of the Tolstoy Society.

One of the first exhibitions from the collection of rarities and antiquities was organized by D.G. Burylin in Ivanovo-Voznesensk in April 1903. The exhibition was deployed in 6 halls of the women's vocational school building. D.G. Burylin showed his countrymen several thousand exhibits from his collections. The exhibition in the industrial city became a phenomenon in provincial life. Funds received from visitors, D.G. Burylin handed over to the Shuisky orphanage.

In 1912, the 100th anniversary of the industrial and social activity of the Burylin merchant family was celebrated. This date D.G. Burylin marked the beginning of the construction of a special building for the museum. The city council and the council allowed the construction of the building, not objecting to the underground tunnel, which was supposed to connect the ancestral home with the museum. On August 25, 1912, the laying of a new building took place according to the project of architect P.A. Trubnikov.

The grand opening of the museum took place on December 26, 1914, but since October 1914 the halls were open to organized visitors. Part of D.G. Burylin leased it to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk School of Drawing, a branch of the St. Petersburg Central School of Technical Drawing, Baron Stieglitz.

In the draft Charter of the museum, it was written that its goal is “to promote the development of local industry by familiarizing with the collection of samples of cotton printing, from the original prints to the latest goods, both local and foreign production, familiarization with scientific and practical information on cotton printing business; to serve art, taking care of the preservation and replenishment of the collection of monuments of Russian and foreign artistic antiquity and the latest examples of art, as well as to promote love for art in society by disseminating information about it and its tasks ... ".

In the new building D.G. Burylin placed a book depository, departments of Greek, Roman and Egyptian antiquities, the Far East, Russian household antiquities, a manufacturing department, and an art gallery. In one of the halls, he organized a library and a reading room. The creation of the museum in Ivanovo-Voznesensk was a unique undertaking by a man who gave his whole life to it. In 1896 D.G. Burylin wrote in his will: “... the aforementioned collection should subsequently be the property of our native city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and should never be sold or stolen (it was acquired with great need and labor).” To replenish his collection and consultations, D.G. Burylin met with many outstanding personalities: with the founder of the Museum of Fine Arts I.V. Tsvetaev, with historians G.V. Vernadsky, V.E. Tarle, with the director of the Historical Museum, Prince N.S. Shcherbatov and others.

The events of October 1917 dramatically changed the life of D.G. Burylin. In 1919 the factory and the museum were nationalized. In 1924 D.G. Burylin was removed from the post of chief curator and forbidden to conduct any classes in the museum. This cruel blow finally undermined the health of D.G. Burylin.

It took decades for the authorities and the public of the city to realize the significance of the personality of D.G. Burylin for the Ivanovo region, the uniqueness of the collections he collected.

In 2000, Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin was awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of the city of Ivanovo, in 2003 the collection Museum of Industry and Art was revived, which acquired the name of its creator.

On May 26, 2007, a memorial plaque by the Moscow sculptor N. Ivanov was installed on the museum building: "Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin (1852 - 1924) - Honorary Citizen of Ivanovo, industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the museum."

Built in 1914 by the merchant Burylin for his unique collection, the building of the Museum of Industry and Art is made in the style of an Italian palazzo. The facade is decorated with massive columns, huge windows, vases and sculptures of the Greek gods Athena and Hermes; the building is crowned with a clock, reminiscent of the fluidity of time. “The museum is my soul, and the factory is a source of funds for life and its replenishment,” Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin admitted. The museum's collection today includes more than 780 thousand exhibits - from antiquity to the present.

As a teenager, Dmitry Burylin inherited from his grandfather, a merchant of the third guild Diodor Andreevich Burylin, a former serf of the Sheremetyevs, a factory business and his then small collection - a collection of books of the church press of the 17th century and rare coins. Grandfather called all this "treasures", kept it in a special room of his house. Grandson Dmitry often visited his grandfather, studied with curiosity and listened to stories about his "treasures", and then gratefully accepted this gift as an inheritance and devoted his whole life to multiplying it. Factory business D.G. Burylin developed rapidly and successfully, brought a good income. But the greatest passion of his life was the collection, on which the merchant spent enormous sums of money, sometimes even to the detriment of his family. Traveling to different cities of Russia, Europe and Asia, he acquired paintings, drawings, sculptures, old books, ethnographic rarities. Wandered around museums and antique shops, looking for artifacts.
But the largest was his “Russian collection”, which included household items, dishes, utensils, ivory items, clothes, hats, many weapons, a huge number of fabric samples, starting with hand-made heels of the 17th-18th centuries. The pride of Burylin was also the “department of the East” with a unique collection of objects of the Buddhist cult. The numismatic collection was very rich. Back in 1885, it contained up to one hundred thousand coins, orders and medals of the 16th-19th centuries from 236 countries of the world. According to experts, Burylin collected one of the best “Masonic collections” in Russia, where one could see the rarest Masonic signs of all countries, ancient manuscripts, and symbolic clothes. And, of course, a special place in the collection of Dmitry Gennadievich was occupied by a collection of ancient books and manuscripts, among which there were genuine rarities: Ivan Fedorov's edition, incunabula, a large collection of Bibles in all European languages.
In April 1903, one of the first exhibitions from his collection was organized in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, where several thousand exhibits were presented. Funds received from this exhibition, D.G. Burylin handed over to the Shuisky orphanage. And in 1912, in the year of the centenary of the industrial and social activity of the Burylin merchant family, Dmitry Gennadievich began the construction of the museum.
On December 26, 1914, its grand opening took place. The city fell in love with the new museum, which attracted new visitors to Ivanovo-Voznesensk.
On March 13-19, 1917, during the fateful days of the February Revolution, the poet Konstantin Balmont visited Shuya and Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The Museum of Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin amazed Balmont. In the Visitor's Book, the poet wrote:
"What a brilliant museum!
I wander in it for two hours already,
And he is so lush that, she-she,
Head spinning here."
In one of the halls of the museum, Balmont spoke to the assembled workers with a speech “On how people live in countries where it is always warm”, using Burylin exhibits in his report. Like Balmont, Burylin, exposed to the wonderful ideas of enlightening the working masses, accepted the February Revolution. He entered into serious negotiations with the workers of his factories, arranged dinners for children from poor families. But others succeeded in the struggle for the souls of the workers.
Even before the revolution, Burylin bequeathed his collections to the city. He left a spiritual testament in 1896, where he wrote: "... the collection should be the property of our native city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and should never be sold or stolen." The October Revolution deprived Burylin of his entire fortune. After the nationalization of 1919, when both the factories and the museum became the property of the Land of Soviets, he and his family were forced to huddle in the basement of their house, being listed as the custodian of the museum he created. And in 1924, after being accused of concealing and plundering museum valuables, he was removed from the post of museum curator and died suddenly ...

Honorary citizen of the city of Ivanovo
The title was awarded by the decision of the Ivanovo City Duma N349 of 06/27/2000. (posthumously)

A rich and extraordinary personality, he subtly felt art, wrote poetry himself, worked for a long time on a book on the history of Ivanov-Voznesensk, traveled a lot, acquiring valuable exhibits for his beloved brainchild - a museum. According to the spiritual testament of D.G. Burylin, his collections were transferred to the city.

... “My favorite collection of books, coins and things ... should be the property of our hometown of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and should never be sold or stolen (it was acquired by great need and labor)”.

Burylin Dmitry Gennadievich (1852 - 1924). Hereditary honorary citizen of the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Manufacturer. Maecenas. Collector of "rarities and antiquities". Founder of the Ivanovo Museum.
The merchant family of the Burylins are native Ivanovites, descendants of serfs. The grandfather of Dmitry Gennadievich - Diodor, being a embosser - a serf of Count Sheremetev, bought a lighter and in 1812 founded a stuffed factory, becoming the founder of the entrepreneurial and factory business of the Burylins.

It is noteworthy that it was the grandfather who founded the tradition of family collecting. After his tragic death, in 1864, the collection of “Slavic Russian books of the church press”, “old manuscripts and ancient icons” were transferred to 12-year-old grandson Dmitry. Collecting "rarities" becomes the meaning of D.G. Burylin. Later he said: "The museum is my soul, and the factory is a source of funds for life and its replenishment." Having received only a home education, Burylin was a real Russian nugget in his abilities. Inquisitive mind, seething energy; diligence were the main driving forces of his activities.

In 1876 D.G. Burylin joined the merchant class of the second guild, and in 1899 - the first guild. In 1909, the "Partnership of D.G. Burylin's Manufactories" was created in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, and in the same year - the "Partnership of Shuya-Yegorievsk Manufactory", the founder and founder of which was also D.G. Burylin.

In the personal life of Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin, a lot of tragedy befell. In 1884, at the age of 28, his wife Maria Stepanovna (Romanova) died. There are four young children left. After 2 years, Burylin married Anna Alexandrovna Noskova. The family grew and there were already 9 children in the house. Children were brought up in labor and Dmitry Gennadievich did everything possible to give them an education.

Burylin was very interested in the historical past of the village of Ivanovo, all his life he dreamed of publishing a large collection of material on the history of Ivanovo, but this dream of his did not come true. His life was extremely active. Participation in the public life of Ivanovo-Voznesensk (organization of charitable events, assistance in the improvement of the city, organization of a 4-grade school), in various scientific societies in Moscow and St. Petersburg ...

But the most serious life passion of D.G. Burylin was collecting "rarities". To this end, he traveled to Germany, Anguilla, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Italy, traveled extensively in Russia. He carried on an extensive correspondence. Among its addressees are Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Sofia Andreevna Tolstaya, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, D.V. Tsvetaev, Prince N.S. Shcherbatov - Director of the Imperial Moscow Historical Museum, V.A. Ryshkov is an academician of the All-Russian Academy of Sciences, representatives of the highest clergy of Russia, collectors ...

On December 17, 1914, thanks to the efforts of Dmitry Gennadievich, the "Museum of Industry and Art" was opened in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Until the end of D.G. Burylin was devoted to his museum and his native city. After the revolution, he worked at the Museum as the chief curator, took part in the public life of the already Soviet city, being in particular a member of the committee for the establishment of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Political Institute.

The Ivanovo Local History Museum named after Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin was a real discovery for me. Traveling a lot in Russia, I got used to a certain format of local history museums. Obviously, this would be the museum in Ivanovo, if not for Burylin - an amazing person, a true collector and a real philanthropist.

Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin - pre-revolutionary Ivanovo manufacturer. Together with the famous Ivanovo factories at that time, he inherited from his grandfather a collection of old books and coins, which he managed to increase during his life by buying curiosities of interest to him from Russian and foreign famous museum workers, junk dealers and collectors. Shortly before the revolution, Burylin opened a museum and library in Ivanovo, where he demonstrated his collection.
After the October Revolution, the museum, the library, the factories, and Burylin's estate were nationalized. Unlike many comrades in misfortune, Dmitry Gennadievich did not flee abroad - he and his family continued to live on his estate (albeit in the basement) and engage in the collection (albeit in the position of chief curator of the museum he opened). It all ended sadly: in 1924 he was accused of stealing museum valuables and removed from office. In the same year, Dmitry Gennadievich died.

Burylin, like all collectors, was a little crazy. In search of items to replenish his collection, he traveled around Russia, Europe and the East, fortunately, his condition allowed. I was going to go to America - I bought a ticket for the Titanic, but the trip fell through.
He collected everything that was interesting to him - from ancient pistols and cannons to death masks of famous people. By the way, a whole hall of the museum is dedicated to the unique collection of weapons.

The death mask of Pushkin is adjacent to the masks of other famous characters of his time.

This versatile astronomical watch shows everything from time zones and days of the week to the phases of the moon. Burylin bought them for fabulous money, considering them the only ones in the world. Indeed, there are no analogues to such watches.

And this metal bacchanalia is just an engraving on an old shield.

The decoration of the interiors of the museum is also striking, clearly competing with the decoration of the Burylin residence. Burylin said about his brainchild: "The museum is my soul, and the factory is a source of funds for life and its replenishment."

On the top floor of the museum there is Burylin's library, which in its best years contained more than 10 thousand books. The library was public, free of charge, worked from 10 am to 10 pm daily, except for church holidays. This is the little that remains of her.

An underground passage connects the Burylin Museum with his residence, which today houses an equally interesting

Every year on February 16, the general public of the city of Ivanovo celebrates the birthday of the Hereditary Honorary Citizen of the city of Ivanovo, philanthropist and philanthropist Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin (1852 - 1924).
In historical memory, the image of D.G. Burylin is invariably preserved, first of all, as the image of the creator of a unique collection museum - a museum in which the patron tried to bring all the wealth of world culture closer to the Russian hinterland, the museum in which, by presenting the most diverse collections, was surprisingly able to accommodate the whole universe.
Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin is one of the most prominent personalities in the history of Ivanovo-Voznesensk at the beginning of the 20th century. Giving an unprecedented amount of time and effort to charitable activities, Burylin actively supported the development of the socio-cultural sphere of the region and the city.
Burylin's long-term plans included a variety of proposals for the improvement of his native city, the development of a network of educational institutions, and the creation of a higher school.
Burylin can be safely called a pioneer in many branches of knowledge, science and technology. Thanks to Burylin, the first museum in the city, the first underground passage, the first tower clock appeared in the city, the plans included the creation of the first astronomical observatory in the city, equipping the museum with an elevator for the convenience of viewing it by visitors.
Among the social circle of D.G. Burylin were many famous scientists, cultural and public figures of that time, among them L.N. Tolstoy, I.V. Tsvetaev, Minister of Finance S.Yu. Witte, wrestler-aviator I.M. Zaikin, director of the Imperial Russian Historical Museum, Prince N.S. Shcherbatov and many others.
Dmitry Gennadievich was also a successful entrepreneur, who had a fine sense of market conditions and knew how to increase capital. But, according to local Ivanovo-Voznesensk manufacturers, Burylin spent the profit he received, wasting it on "eccentrics" - the purchase of ancient things and the creation of a museum. And brother D.G. Burylina - Nikolai Gennadievich wrote in his letters about Dmitry Gennadievich - "... Mitka, who squandered everything." Despite the fact that his family often needed money, Burylin bought a lot of paintings, drawings, sculptures, old books, ethnographic objects, a variety of "rarities and antiquities", and in his will asked his relatives not to condemn him for this.
Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin did a lot for the improvement of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. So in 1910, at his own expense, he equipped a boulevard on Aleksandrovskaya Street opposite his family home. The section of Aleksandrovskaya Street equipped by Burylin (modern Lenin Avenue near the museum) became one of the most beautiful places in the city.
The collection of "antiquities and rarities", the creation of the museum - what Burylin devoted his whole life to, became the creation of a peculiar phenomenon of the "provincial patron of the arts". The phenomenon of Burylin lies in the fact that his noble desire to enlighten and educate the inhabitants of his native city subsequently largely determined the cultural life of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, and later became the catalyst for the creation of a number of museums that made Ivanovo one of the richest territories in Russia in this respect. And if patrons of the capital, such as the Tretyakovs, Morozov, Mamontov, are quite widely known in Russian society, then the potential of the image of the “provincial” patron Burylin is still far from being revealed.
The position of D.G. was also great. Burylin occupied by him in the social activities of the city, for example, for 28 years in a row, D.G. Burylin was elected a vowel of the city duma. Documents kept in the State Archives of the Ivanovo Region, in the funds of the Ivanovo State Museum of Local History eloquently testify to the reputation of Dmitry Gennadievich as a kind, decent and honest person, an enterprising defender of city interests. From 1872, Burylin held various positions in 57 city and public institutions.
And Burylin's patronage of educational institutions was expressed not only in assisting educational institutions in solving organizational and economic issues, but also in allocating funds for various allowances and scholarships for students, for the purchase of books, school supplies, as well as for paying salaries to teachers and for the purchase of school equipment . For his activities and donations to the institutions of the Ministry of Education, Burylin was awarded the Gold Medal with the Stanislav Ribbon by Imperial Decree.
In 1914, the Museum of Industry and Art was opened, created by D.G. Burylin. Masonic collection, a collection of Bibles in different languages, a collection of objects of Buddhist worship, collected by D.G. Burylin, were recognized by contemporaries as one of the best in Russia. The Burylinsky Textile Fund, which included about half a million samples of fabrics, was one of the largest in the world. Burylin's museum collection also included such rarities as an Egyptian mummy and the world's only universal astronomical clock. Many researchers considered Burylin's collections "a treasure for science." D.G. Burylin willingly provided his collections for various exhibitions, for study and as manuals for students, for example, for a branch of the St. Petersburg Central School of Technical Drawing, Baron Stieglitz. He hoped that the exhibits he collected would be used for education. Back in 1896, D.G. Burylin bequeathed his collections to his native city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk: "The aforementioned collection ... should not be sold or plundered (it was acquired with great need and labor)".
After the nationalization of the museum in 1919, the integrity of the collections was violated: the practice of transferring Burylin items to other museums existed throughout the entire Soviet period. The collection has spread geographically very widely. The local collection of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, by the will of fate, ended up in various museums in Russia (the Hermitage, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum ...) and neighboring countries. So today, in fact, the Burylin collection has become a collection of national importance.