Essay on emotions and feelings in the work of a teacher. The role of feelings in pedagogical activity. Negative emotions and their causes

Emotions are a special class of subjective mental states that reflect, in the form of direct experiences, sensations of pleasant or unpleasant, a person’s attitude to the world, people, processes and the result of practical activity.

Emotions – these are processes that reflect in the form of experience personal significance and assessment of external and internal situations for human life. They serve to reflect the subjective attitude of a person to himself and to the world around him.

In broad terms, an emotional reaction refers to 3 components:

1. physiological(change in skin color)

2. subjective(actual experiences)

3.expressive(facial expression)

The emotional sphere of a person includes moods, feelings, affects, passions, stresses, etc. These emotions are included in all mental processes and states of a person. Any manifestation of human activity is accompanied by emotional experiences. The facts prove: 1) the innate character of the basic emotions and their representation on the face; 2) the presence of a genotypically determined ability to understand them in living beings.

Emotion functions:

1. Signal. Communication function, i.e. communication to a person of information about the state of the speaker and his attitude to what is in this moment happening.

2. Stimulating. The impact function, i.e. exerting a certain influence on who is the subject of perception of emotional and expressive movements.

3. Evaluation function.

4. Expressive function.

5. Communicative function. Here emotions can serve as language.

6. Regulatory. The function of evaluating the progress and results of activities.

7. Protective. The function of adapting to the environment.

8. Motivational function. The desire to experience any emotion can become a motive for performing any action.

*** (Note) In our lecture on psychology on this topic, we identified the following functions:

Reflective-evaluative

· Signal

Protective

· Management

· Mobilizing

Compensatory

Disorganizing

That. emotional phenomena are biologically, in the process of evolution, fixed as a kind of way to maintain the life process.

Emotions and feelings have an independent value for the individual. Types of emotions.

I. They can be classified: 1) by intensity; 2) by duration; 3) awareness; 4) origin; 5) conditions of occurrence; 6) effects on the body; 7) development dynamics; 8) focus (on oneself, on others, on the world, on the past, present or future); 10) according to the way they are expressed in external manifestation (expression); 11) on a neurophysiological basis, 12) "sign" (positive, negative, neutral); 13) according to their influence on human activity (inhibit or activate, etc.).

II. K. Izard singled out a number of basic emotional states, which he called fundamental, and all the rest derivatives. Each of the fundamental ones has its own range of characteristics and external manifestations: 1) interest-excitement; 2) joy; 3) surprise; 4) suffering - grief, 5) anger; 6) disgust; 7) contempt; 8) fear; 9) shame.

Each of the listed emotions can be represented as a gradation of states that increase in severity. Example: 1) calm satisfaction, joy, delight, exultation; or 2) shyness, embarrassment, shame, guilt; or 3) displeasure, annoyance, chagrin, suffering, grief.

III. B.I. Dodonov listed social emotions, since they are acquired in vivo as a result of interaction with people: 1) altruistic emotions that arise on the basis of the need for assistance, help, patronage of other people; 2) communicative emotions arise on the basis of the need for communication; 3) gloric emotions (from Latin - glory) are associated with the need for self-affirmation, for glory; 4) praxic emotions are caused by the activity in which a person is engaged, its success or failure; 5) pugnic emotions (from lat. - fight), which are based on the need to overcome danger, interest in the fight; 6) romantic emotions, which are based on the desire for everything unusual; 7) gnostic emotions (from the Greek - knowledge) are associated with the cognitive activity of the individual (these are intellectual emotions); 8) aesthetic emotions that arise under the influence of works of art, contemplation of nature; 9) hedonistic emotions associated with satisfaction of the need for bodily and spiritual comfort; 10) asset emotions (from French - acquisition), which are associated with an interest in the accumulation, collecting things that go beyond the practical need for them.

IV. According to the influence on human activity, emotions are divided into sthenic and asthenic. Sthenic emotions are effective, they become urges to actions, to statements, increase the tension of forces. With joy, a person is ready to "turn mountains." Feeling empathy for a friend, a person is looking for a way to help him. With sthenic emotions, it is difficult for a person to remain silent, it is difficult not to act actively. Asthenic emotions are characterized by passivity or contemplation; experiencing feelings relaxes a person. From fear, his legs may give way. Sometimes worrying strong feeling, a person withdraws into himself, closes. Sympathy then remains a good but fruitless emotional experience, shame turns into secret painful remorse.

Emotions in personality structure and behavior Assoc. cafe social and human sciences Porshnev A.V.

3 Emotional state Internal experiences External manifestations?

4 The Emergence of Emotions Theory of James - Lange W. James: "We are sad because we cry; we are afraid because we tremble, we rejoice because we laugh"

5 The emergence of emotions Cognitive dissonance (L. Festinger) expectations - implementation Hypothesis 1. The emergence of a contradiction that generates psychological discomfort will motivate the individual to try to resolve it (or reduce the degree of discrepancy) Hypothesis 2. When trying to resolve contradictions, the individual will avoid situations and information that can lead to conflict

6 Basic concepts Emotions - subjective reactions of a person to the impact of internal and external stimuli Affects - emotions accompanied by great strength, having the ability to inhibit other mental processes Passion - a persistent, long-lasting emotion that generates high activity Feeling - a complex form of emotional processes (achieved in the process of human development ), which is not only an emotional, but also a semantic reflection. A feeling can give rise to emotions of a different spectrum (love - anger, joy).

7 Characteristics of emotions Modality: fear, anger, joy Sign (negative, positive) Impact (sthenic - increasing, activity, asthenic - decreasing) Strength, duration and awareness

8 Functions of emotions Regulation of behavior Evaluation of events Mobilization of body resources

9 K. Izard's Theory of Differential Emotions The main motivational system of human existence is formed by 10 basic emotions: joy, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame/embarrassment, guilt, surprise, interest; each basic emotion has unique motivational functions and implies a specific form of experience; fundamental emotions are experienced in different ways and affect the cognitive sphere and human behavior in different ways; emotional processes interact with and influence perceptual, cognitive and motor processes; in turn, perceptual, cognitive and motor processes influence the course of the emotional process.

10 Cognitive-physiological theory of emotions by S. Schechter emotional states are the result of the interaction of two components: activation (arousal) and a person’s conclusion about the reasons for his excitation based on an analysis of the situation in which the emotion appeared

11 Emotional processes Emotionality Emotional stability Emotional states Repetition of situations Emotional properties Emotional processes Emotional states

12 Total Emotions affect human activity The neurophysiological mechanism is not able to cause emotions, it only creates conditions for them (N. Friida, 1986) Information processing processes can be not only controlled by human consciousness, but also automatic (K. Izard) - Emotional processes can consciously controlled Emotions, motivation and need are linked

13 Mental states Cheerfulness, fatigue, depression, boredom, deja vu, etc. Frustration is a state of failure accompanied by negative experiences: disappointment, irritation, anxiety, etc. Anxiety is a tendency to frequent and intense anxiety experiences Euphoria is a joyful state of complacency and carelessness that is not justified either by the objective state of a person or by the environment Stress is a state of mental tension

14 Patterns The principle of the unity of intellect and affect (L.S. Vygotsky) Without the emotional side, actions are less successful, without the intellectual side they cannot be controlled

15 W. Reicher's story

16 Management of emotions Awareness. Ways to control and manage emotions consist in the inclusion of intellectual processes in the analysis of emerging situations. Self-regulation techniques. Intense muscle load, intelligent emotion analysis, activity change, use of music, relaxation

17 Theory of emotional intelligence (D. Goleman) Knowing your emotions Managing emotions Motivating yourself Recognizing the emotions of other people Maintaining relationships

18 Emotional Intelligence Model)