Summary of the world of antiquity, far and near. Presentation on the topic "The world of antiquity: far and near". Learning new material
Plan
1. Ancient Egypt
2.Ancient Greece
3. Ancient Rome.
The history of the Ancient World has several millennia. In this era, there were such states as Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece.
1. Ancient Egypt
Egypt - one of the most ancient states on earth. This ancient state arose on the banks of the Nile River about 5 thousand years ago, which originates in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
The majority of the population were farmers who worked in the fields all year round to provide food for the city. The peasants grew wheat and barley, fruits and vegetables, as well as flax, from which linen was made.
In Egyptian cities, people could buy everything necessary for life at the bazaar. Money did not exist then, so the townspeople exchanged one product for another.
The main transport in Ancient Egypt There were ships that sailed on the Nile River. The boats were built from papyrus, a reed that grows along the banks of the Nile. They moved with the help of wooden oars or long poles. Later, the size of the ships increased, and they began to put rectangular sails on them.
Rain in the Nile Valley is so rare that 10-12-year-olds may never see rain in their lives. Life on the banks of the Nile was possible only because every year it overflowed - overflowed its banks. The coastal land was well saturated with water, and there was a lot of black silt in the water (small particles of rocks and decayed plants). This silt settled on the yellow sands of the desert, and plants grew well on it - wheat, barley. The very word "Egypt" means "black land". For thousands of years, thanks to the floods of the Nile, a thick layer of oily black soil has formed in Egypt.
ancient egyptians did not yet know the explanation for many natural phenomena, including the floods of the Nile. They believed that the gods ruled the world. Many gods of the Egyptians looked like animals. The sun god Ra was depicted as a man with a bird's head. The god of water and flood of the Nile, Sebek, was represented as a man with the head of a crocodile. The god Thoth was the god of wisdom, counting and writing. He was depicted as a man with the head of an ibis bird. The Egyptians believed that Thoth invented months and years and taught people to keep track of time. The miraculous gifts of Thoth also included arithmetic calculations and writing.
The Egyptians considered many animals sacred. They revered a lion, a bull, a dog, a cat, a kite, a falcon, an ibis, a crocodile, a cobra, a scorpion, a beetle.
The Egyptians wrote in special characters - hieroglyphs . In one case, the hieroglyph could depict and mean some object. But in another case, the same hieroglyph could serve to designate one or more consonants. There were no signs for vowels in Egyptian writing. Not everyone could learn such a letter. With respect, the Egyptians treated those who mastered the letter.
The ancient Egyptians were able to build grandiose buildings - temples and pyramids.
pyramids built about 4500 years ago to serve as tombs for the pharaohs. By order of the pharaoh (king of Egypt), thousands of people worked for many years to build the pyramid. The first step was to level the construction site. Each building block was then cut by hand in the quarry and transported by boat to the construction site. 2.5 million stone blocks were used to build the largest pyramid.
In Egypt, not far from Cairo, there is the largest pyramid in the world and it weighs about seven million tons. This miracle - the pyramid is tomb of Pharaoh Cheops , its height is 148 meters. Pyramids of Giza - one of the recognized wonders of the world. They were built without the help of any machines or mechanisms.
In ancient Egypt, the most famous statue of a fantastic creature with the body of a lion and the head of a man is gigantic (length - 57 m, height - 20 m) " Great Sphinx ” in Giza, carved from the rock (1st half of the 3rd millennium BC) The Sphinx guarding the pyramids of Giza was one of the incarnations of the ancient Egyptian sun god. It is possible that the pharaoh Khafra served as a model for the face of this sphinx. Everything that the deceased should need in the realm of the dead was placed next to the sarcophagus inside the tomb. Then the priests withdrew, covering their tracks on the floor of the tomb.
Sarcophagus - a coffin made of wood, stone, and other materials, often in the shape of a person.The ancient Egyptians knew how to build grandiose temples in honor of the gods. The temple complex had ceremonial halls, wide processional aisles, and was attended by thousands of servants and slaves. The priests in the temples were among the most powerful people in the country. They were believed to have a special relationship with God.
The temples of Egypt are wonderful architectural monuments. Temple of Karnak - without any doubt, the largest in terms of area in the entire ancient world - was connected to the Luxor Temple on the banks of the Nile by a paved avenue of sphinxes.
Much later than Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome arose.
2 Ancient Greece
Greece is a mountainous country on the Balkan Peninsula.
In the north of Greece there is high mountain
, it is called Olympus
. On top of this mountain, the ancient Greeks settled their main gods. The Greeks imagined the life of the gods on Olympus as the life of a noble family that seized power over other gods and people. The main among the Greek gods was considered Zeus - Thunderer
, the god of the sea was subordinate to him Poseidon
, god of the underworld Hades
and others. The Greeks portrayed their gods like people. For example, god of wine Dionysus
- in the form of a beautiful young man, goddess of love Aphrodite
presented as a beautiful girl. The relationship between the gods is in many ways reminiscent of the relationship between people: they quarrel with each other, swear. And it happens - they fight and steal.
Athens
the capital of modern Greece. The heart of Athens is Temple complex on Mount Acropolis
. There used to be a paved road up the hill. On the day of the holiday in honor of the goddess Athena, the inhabitants of the city climbed up it. The main events of the holiday took place on the Acropolis.
Center of the complex Mount Acropolis
was, marble temple
Parthenon,
dedicated to the patron goddess of the city, Athena
There was a theater in every major city, and theater performances were very popular.
Greek athletes trained in preparation for the sports festival, which was held in Olympia, located in southern Greece, every 4 years. This holiday was the forerunner of the Olympic Games, which are held in our time. During the Olympics, any military action was prohibited.
Already in antiquity, a simpler and more convenient writing appeared than the writing of the ancient Egyptians. The inhabitants of Phoenicia came up with an alphabet in which each sound (letter) conveyed a certain consonant sound. The ancient Greeks created their own alphabet based on the Phoenician alphabet. Letters for vowels first appeared in Greek writing. The letters of the modern Russian alphabet originated from ancient Greek letters.
3. Ancient Rome.
Ancient Rome, Roman Empire
is the name of one of the most famous states in the history of mankind. The name of Rome is associated with the name of its founder - Romulus.
The Romans come from that part of Europe that is now called Italy. Date founding of the city of Rome counts 753 BC . Over time, the Romans created a powerful state. They conquered new cities, laid roads, built temples.
In a year, the Romans had about 120 national holidays. During these days, the Romans visited theaters, went to chariot races or to gladiator fights. Chariot racing was a very dangerous sport. Gladiators were slaves or criminals who were trained to fight to the death in front of a crowd.
World around 4th grade (A.A. Pleshakov)
Topic : The world of antiquity: far and near.
Lesson Objectives:
Create conditions for expanding students' knowledge about the heritage of the Ancient World (writing, life, art);
To develop a research culture, speech, to help expand the horizons of students, to develop interest in history;
To educate the need for a careful attitude to the historical heritage, objects of the past, respect for the achievements of the people of the Ancient World.
Equipment : multimedia projector, didactic material, reference books, world map.
During the classes
1. Actualization of knowledge.
Stories of glorious great dates
We will carry through life.
Let's feel in our hearts what once was,
Imagine the centuries-old ways!
The ancient world is a wonderful world! (on slide 2)
Open the doors of time for us
Tell me about the ancient states.
(On slide1) - pictures of the past of our country ...
What do these pictures say?
And all this is the world of history.
What is history? (science of the past)
Why is it important to know the history of your native land, country?
What was the name of our state in ancient times? (Other Russia)
History Dr. Rus tells about the greatest achievements of our ancestors. We should be proud of our past. We also learn from the past, which allows us to learn from the mistakes of other generations and helps to better understand our present.
2. Creation of a problem situation.
- What other ancient states do you know?
How can we find out about them?
The textbook will help us answer this question. And also encyclopedias (encyclopedia demonstration)
– To expand our historical knowledge, today we are going to the Ancient World to explore the countries that have left us a great heritage.
The period of the Ancient World is the longest - it covers several millennia. (Slide with a verse) - What will we talk about in the lesson?
Lesson topic: The world of antiquity: far and near
The first ancient states arose near rivers and seas. Why? (It was convenient to move along the rivers, the river gave a person water for drinking and farming)
And one of these states is Ancient Egypt, which arose on the banks of the Nile River. Much later, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome appeared on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.Demonstration on the map.
(we divide into three groups) each group will study one of the Ancient States, using various sources (encyclopedias, textbooks). Records are made in a notebook (key points).
Plan:
1. Where is the state located?
2. The main occupations of the people.
3. Famous buildings.
3 . Discovery of new knowledge.
Written work in notebooks.
1. Search for information in literary sources. The teacher helps and checks the students as they work.
2. Protection - the story of the representative of the group.
The teacher completes the student's story about the Ancient State. (myths of Ancient Greece, Olympic Games, Christianity, alphabet - 27 letters; Egypt - calendar 365 days, papyrus, hieroglyphs - 700 characters; Ancient Rome - planning and building cities, water supply, sewerage, paved roads, temples, banks, libraries, month names).
4. Application of new knowledge.
And now I will check you, how did you remember the new material (questions on cards - students pull out and answer)
Blitz Poll:
- A grandiose building - the tomb of the pharaohs?
- The state where the names of the months were invented?
- Name the people who lived on the banks of the Nile River?
- What is the Acropolis?
- What people were skillful builders of bridges, roads, palaces?
- Home of the Olympic Games?
- Name the capital Dr. Greece?
- Whom did the inhabitants of the ancient states worship?
- Where did the first alphabet originate?
- Name the ancient states?
- Who is a pharaoh?
- Show on the map one of the states that you remember?
- What is the name of the material on which the other Egyptians wrote?
- What ancient buildings can you name?
Conclusion: the inhabitants of ancient states were highly developed, skilled builders, scientists, they knew how to do a lot.
5. Independent work.
Match: (Work on cards-7pcs in pairs)
Check on the slide
Ancient Egypt hieroglyphs
ancient rome papyrus
Ancient Greece Acropolis
Coliseum
Alphabet
Mummy
Forum
6. Reflection.
Did you enjoy being explorers of ancient worlds?
What have you discovered for yourself?
Where can you apply this knowledge?
Homework instruction.
In additional literature, find interesting information about one of the states.
The world around - grade 4
Topic: "The world of antiquity: far and near"
Tasks:
- let's get acquainted with some historical data of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient Egypt (structures, discoveries, interesting facts)
- talk about the meaning of the invention of writing
- Let's compare the sources of studying the Primitive system and the Ancient world
The history of the ancient world has several millennia. In this era, there were such states as Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece.
ANCIENT EGYPT
Egypt- one of the most ancient states on earth. This ancient state arose on the shores river nile about 5 thousand years ago, which originates in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
In ancient times, the river surprised people with its character. During the flood, the river irrigated the fields of farmers and carried fertile silt ashore. The coastal land was well saturated with water, and there was a lot of black silt in the water (small particles of rocks and decayed plants). This silt settled on the yellow sands of the desert, and plants grew well on it - wheat, barley. The very word "Egypt" means "black land". For thousands of years, thanks to the floods of the Nile, a thick layer of greasy black soil has formed in Egypt.
Most of the population were farmers who worked in the fields all year round to provide food for the city. The peasants grew wheat and barley, fruits and vegetables, as well as flax, from which linen was made. In Egyptian cities, people could buy everything necessary for life at the bazaar. Money did not exist then, so the townspeople exchanged one product for another.
Main transport In ancient Egypt, there were ships that sailed on the Nile River.
Rains in the Nile Valley are so rare that 10-12-year-old children could never see rain in their lives. Life on the banks of the Nile was possible only because every year it overflowed - overflowed its banks.
The Egyptians considered many animals sacred.. They revered a lion, a bull, a dog, a cat, a kite, a falcon, an ibis, a crocodile, a cobra, a scorpion, a beetle. Many gods of the Egyptians were like animals. Sun God Ra depicted as a man with a bird's head. God of water and flood of the Nile Sebek represented as a man with the head of a crocodile. The god of wisdom, accounts and letters was god Thoth. He was depicted as a man with the head of an ibis bird.
The Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphs. In one case, the hieroglyph could depict and mean some object. But in another case, the same hieroglyph could serve to designate one or more consonants. There were no signs for vowels in Egyptian writing. Not everyone could learn such a letter. With respect, the Egyptians treated those who mastered the letter.
In ancient Egypt, the most famous statue a fantastic creature with a lion's body and a giant human head (length - 57 m, height - 20 m) "Great Sphinx" in Giza, carved from the rock (1st half of the 3rd millennium BC) the Sphinx guarding the pyramids of Giza was one of the incarnations of the ancient Egyptian sun god. It is possible that the pharaoh Khafra served as a model for the face of this sphinx. Everything that the deceased should need in the realm of the dead was placed next to the sarcophagus inside the tomb. Then the priests withdrew, covering their tracks on the floor of the tomb. Sarcophagus- a coffin made of wood, stone, and other materials, often in the shape of a person. The ancient Egyptians knew how to build grandiose temples in honor of the gods. The temple complex had ceremonial halls, wide processional aisles, and was attended by thousands of servants and slaves. The priests in the temples were among the most powerful people in the country. They were believed to have a special relationship with God.
Temples of Egypt- wonderful architectural monuments . Temple of Karnak— without any doubt, the largest in terms of area in the entire ancient world, was connected to the Luxor temple on the banks of the Nile by a paved avenue of sphinxes.
Much later than Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome arose..
ANCIENT GREECE
Greece- a mountainous country in the south of Europe, unique in beauty, culture and history, located on the Balkan Peninsula. Although Greece occupies a small territory (about 132 thousand square kilometers), and its population is only 10.3 million inhabitants, it is difficult to find equals in terms of historical and archaeological heritage. Just imagine: the capital of Greece - Athens - was founded in the seventh millennium BC!
Athens - the capital of modern Greece. The heart of Athens is the temple complex on Mount Acropolis. There used to be a paved road up the hill. On the day of the holiday in honor of the goddess Athena, the inhabitants of the city climbed up it. The main events of the holiday took place on the Acropolis.
The center of the complex on Mount Acropolis was marble temple Parthenon, dedicated to the patron goddess of the city, Athena
In the north of Greece there is a high mountain, it is called Olympus. On top of this mountain, the ancient Greeks settled their main gods. The Greeks imagined the life of the gods on Olympus as the life of a noble family that seized power over other gods and people. Zeus, the Thunderer, was considered the main among the Greek gods, the god of the sea Poseidon, the god of the underworld Hades, etc. were subordinate to him. The Greeks portrayed their gods like people. For example, the god of winemaking Dionysus - in the form of a beautiful young man, the goddess of love Aphrodite was represented as a beautiful girl. The relationship between the gods is in many ways reminiscent of the relationship between people: they quarrel with each other, swear. And it happens - they fight and steal.
The history of the Olympic Games is connected with Olympus. Greek athletes trained in preparation for the sports festival, which was held in Olympia, located in southern Greece, every 4 years. This holiday was the forerunner of the Olympic Games, which are held in our time. During the Olympics, any military action was prohibited.
And how were the winners of the Olympics awarded in ancient Greece?
Every major city in ancient Greece had a theater and theater productions were very popular. All ancient Greek theaters were built according to the same type - in the open air and on the slopes of the hills.
The very word "theater" is of Greek origin. In the literal sense, it translates as "a place for spectacles." Initially, the Greek theater was associated with the celebration of the deity Dionysus.
Already in antiquity, a simpler and more convenient writing appeared. than the writing of the ancient Egyptians. The inhabitants of Phoenicia came up with an alphabet in which each sound (letter) conveyed a certain consonant sound. The ancient Greeks created their own alphabet based on the Phoenician alphabet. Letters for vowels first appeared in Greek writing. The letters of the modern Russian alphabet originated from ancient Greek letters.
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ANCIENT ROME
Ancient Rome, Roman Empire is the name of one of the most famous states in the history of mankind. The name of Rome is associated with its name founder - Romulus.
Who knows on the banks of which river the state of Egypt arose? (3 slide)
Yes, that's right. Egypt is one of the most ancient states on earth. This ancient state arose on the banks of the Nile River, which originates in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
Locate the mainland Africa and the Nile River on the map
The student comes out and shows. (4 slide)
Where does the Nile River flow? -
The Nile flows through the desert, but is life possible in the desert without water?
Tell me, why was life possible on the banks of the Nile?
Well done!
- Your task now will be to read the text on pages 8-9 of the textbook, but not just read it, but pick up a pencil and underline all the gods, what were the hieroglyphs, what did they mean.
What gods did you know about Egyptian gods?
(Gods are shown on the slide) (slide 6,7,8)
Hieroglyph - ancient pictorial signs of Egyptian writing. (5 slide)
What else did you find interesting?
(The enumeration of the buildings of ancient Egypt is accompanied by a slide show.)(slide 9,10)
You may have already heard about the Egyptian pyramids. What are these pyramids?
Much later, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome arose. (slide 11.12) Greece is a mountainous country on the Balkan Peninsula. Show on the map. (slide 13)
Once the Greeks decided to build a new city, but could not decide what to call it. The gods knew that this city would have a very long life, so Athena (slide 13) wanted to give the city its name, and Poseidon - his . (slide 14). We decided to name the city after the god who would give the townspeople the best present. Poseidon struck the rock with his trident - a spring gushed out of the rock.
Greece is a hot, mountainous country, and water is very much needed there. The Greeks rushed to the source - and the water is sea, salty. The gift of the god of the seas turned out to be worthless. Then Athena hit the ground with her spear - and an olive tree grew.
The fruits of this tree are olives (they are also called olives, the Greeks ate fresh, salted, pickled, squeezed oil out of them. The olive tree lives 250 years, but it gives fruits only for 16-18 years ...
The gift of the goddess Athena was recognized as the best, and the city was named in her honor, Athens.
Two birds flew
By themselves are small.
How they flew
All the people were watching.
How they sat down
All the people marveled
So why does the capital of Greece bear such a name?
- Find on the map the capital of Greece - the city of Athens (Children find this city on the map on their own)
Now find on the map the capital of Italy, the city of Rome.
The child goes to the map and shows it to the whole class.
- Read the text of the textbook on p. 10-13
- What kind of buildings is Rome famous for? What was the purpose of these buildings?
What is the Acropolis?
What is the Parthenon?
And who can say what the Parthenon looks like?
Ancient Rome, the Roman Empire is the name of one of the most famous states in the history of mankind. The name of Rome is connected with the name of its founder - Romulus. (slide 20).
We didn't know how the city of Rome actually came into existence, but the legend goes like this. In ancient times, a tribe of Latins lived on the territory of modern Italy.
In a small city - the state of Alta - Longa, King Numitor ruled. (slide 21)
He was overthrown from the throne by his younger brother Amulius. (slide 22) So that the descendants of Numitor could not lay claim to their legal rights to the throne, Amulius ordered to kill the son of Numitor, and to make his daughter a vestal. Vestals - servants of Vesta, (slide 23) Roman goddess of the hearth.
They had to live at the temple and keep the fire in the sacred hearth.
Vestals could not marry, and Amulius hoped that Numitor's daughter would not have children. But soon the Vestal Virgin had two sons - twins. She said that their father is the god Mars. (slide 24)
Amulius ordered the execution of a young woman, and ordered the twins to be thrown into the Tiber River. The person who carried out the order was too lazy to enter the water, and left the basket with the kids on the shore. The children were hungry and cried, their cry was heard by the she-wolf - she fed them.
Later, a shepherd picked them up and raised them as his children. When Romulus and Remus (slide 25)- so the shepherd called the boys - they grew up, they learned the secret of their birth, They killed Amulius and returned the throne to their grandfather Numitor.
The brothers did not stay in Alta Longa, they decided to found a new city. Each of the brothers wanted to call the city after himself, they quarreled, and Romulus killed Remus in anger.
And then he founded the city, which he called Rome (in Latin Roma) and became its first king.
What buildings tell about the past of Rome?
What is the name of the temple of all gods?
Who is Rome named after?
Sections: Primary School
- introduce students to ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome;
- develop oral speech;
- cultivate interest in the subject.
Equipment:
- physical map;
- slides and drawings depicting the famous buildings of Ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome;
- reproduction of K. P. Bryullov’s painting “The Last Day of Pompeii”.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment, communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
The long-awaited call is given -
The lesson starts.
To know the history
We need to read books.
We continue our journey through history, let's move on to the Ancient World. The theme of the lesson is “The world of antiquity: far and near”.
2. Checking homework.
The task is checked in workbook No. 4 p.4
Students tell what interesting objects they saw in the local history museum.
Several students are offered written assignments on cards:
1. Describe what ancient man looked like.
2. What did primitive man do?
The rest listen to the retellings, the task in notebooks is checked.
And now we will sum up and find out where the road of history will lead us. To do this, you need to solve a crossword puzzle.
Questions for the crossword.
1. One of the occupations that man mastered by the end of primitive history.
2. People have learned… earthenware.
3. This was done by women and children.
4. How else to call the most ancient person.
5. Illumination of primitive artists.
6. The main occupation of the most ancient man.
(Answers: 1. Farming. 2. Make. 3. Gathering. 4. Primitive. 5. Torch. 6. Hunting. Keyword: EGYPT.) (slide 2)
Today we will talk about the world of antiquity: about ancient Egypt, about ancient Greece and about ancient Rome.
3. New theme.(slide 3)
Who knows on the banks of which river the state of Egypt arose? (On the banks of the Nile River.)
Yes, that's right. Egypt is one of the most ancient states on earth. This ancient state arose on the banks of the Nile River, which originates in the mountains of Central Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
Locate the mainland Africa and the Nile River on the map. (Children work with a map.)
Where does the Nile River flow? (Through the Sahara Desert.)
The Nile flows through the desert, but is life possible in the desert without water? (Not.)
Life in the Nile Valley.
Rain in the Nile Valley is so rare that 10 or 12 year olds may never see rain in their lives. Life on the banks of the Nile was possible only because every year it overflowed - overflowed its banks. The coastal land was well saturated with water, and there was a lot of black silt in the water (small particles of rocks and decayed plants). This silt settled on the yellow sands of the desert, and plants grew well on it - wheat, barley. The very word "Egypt" means "black land". For thousands of years, thanks to the floods of the Nile, a thick layer of greasy black soil has formed in Egypt.
The ancient Egyptians did not yet know the explanation for many natural phenomena, including the floods of the Nile. Therefore, if we asked an ancient Egyptian about the causes of floods, he would tell us about the river god Hapi, who sits in a cave guarded by a sacred serpent. Hapi is holding two vessels of water. He tilts the vessels, and water pours out of them. In summer, he strongly tilts the vessels, water flows from them in streams and enters the Nile. The river swells, overflows its banks and floods the whole country.
Read the text on p. 8-9 textbook. What new did you learn from this story? (The Egyptians wrote in special characters - hieroglyphs.)
Hieroglyphs are ancient pictorial signs of Egyptian writing. What else did you find interesting? (The ancient Egyptians were able to build grandiose buildings - temples and pyramids.)
You may have heard of the Egyptian pyramids before. About what? (Pyramids of Tutankhamen, Pyramid of Cheops.)
In Ancient Egypt.
In Egypt, not far from Cairo, there is the largest pyramid in the world and it weighs about seven million tons. This miracle - the pyramid is the tomb of the pharaoh Cheops, its height is 148 meters. The Pyramids of Giza are one of the recognized wonders of the world. They were built without the help of any machines or mechanisms. They were built not by slaves, but by peasants who worked for the pharaoh during the flood of the Nile. As payment for this work, they received food, in particular, vegetable oil and clothing. Perhaps these peasants believed that by helping the pharaoh prepare for death, they would earn the approval of the gods and be rewarded upon arrival in the realm of the dead. In ancient Egypt, the most famous statue of a fantastic creature with a lion's body and a human head is a giant (length - 57 m, height - 20 m) "Great Sphinx" in Giza, carved from the rock (1st half of the 3rd millennium BC). BC) The Sphinx guarding the pyramids of Giza was one of the incarnations of the ancient Egyptian sun god. It is possible that the pharaoh Khafra served as a model for the face of this sphinx. Everything that the deceased should need in the realm of the dead was placed next to the sarcophagus inside the tomb. Then the priests withdrew, covering their tracks on the floor of the tomb. Sarcophagus - a coffin made of wood, stone, and other materials, often in the shape of a person. (slide 4)
4. Physical education.
Two birds flew
By themselves are small.
How they flew
All the people were watching.
How they sat down
All the people were amazed.
5. Work on the topic.
1. Continuation of a new topic.
Much later, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome arose. Greece is a mountainous country on the Balkan Peninsula. Show on the map.
The teacher talks about ancient Greece.
Ancient Greece. (slide5)
In the north of Greece there is a high mountain, it is called Olympus. On top of this mountain, the ancient Greeks settled their main gods. The Greeks imagined the life of the gods on Olympus as the life of a noble family that seized power over other gods and people. Zeus, the Thunderer, was considered the main among the Greek gods, the god of the sea Poseidon, the god of the underworld Hades, etc. were subordinate to him. The Greeks portrayed their gods like people. For example, the god of winemaking Dionysus - in the form of a beautiful young man, the goddess of love Aphrodite was represented as a beautiful girl. The relationship between the gods is in many ways reminiscent of the relationship between people: they quarrel with each other, swear. And it happens - they fight and steal. In ancient Greek myths (tales about the gods) it is told how Hermes (the god of trade) once stole cows from Apollo (the patron of art). And when Hephaestus - the blacksmith began to stand up for his mother - the goddess Hera, who was offended by Zeus, the god - the thunderer pushed the god of the blacksmith so that he fell from Mount Olympus to the ground and remained lame forever. As you can see, the religion of the ancient Greeks also reflected the nature on which people's lives, occupations, and relationships depended. The ancient Greeks had many gods. Athena was the goddess of wisdom and just war, Poseidon was engaged in “marine affairs”. Once the Greeks decided to build a new city, but could not decide what to call it. The gods knew that this city would have a very long life, so Athena wanted to give the city her name, and Poseidon hers. We decided to name the city after the god who would give the townspeople the best present. Poseidon struck the rock with his trident - a source was hammered out of the rock. Greece is a hot, mountainous country, and water is very much needed there. The Greeks rushed to the source - and the water is sea, salty. The gift of the god of the seas turned out to be worthless. Then Athena struck the ground with her spear - and an olive tree grew. The fruits of this tree - olives (they are also called olives), the Greeks ate fresh, salted, pickled, squeezed oil out of them. The olive tree lives for 250 years, but it gives fruits only for 16-18 years ... The gift of the goddess Athena was recognized as the best, and the city was named in her honor, Athens. They say that to this day tourists are shown a trace from the trident of Poseidon and “the very same” olive tree that grew from the spear of Athena. And the city of Athens lives on today. It is the capital of modern Greece.
Find on the map the capital of Greece - the city of Athens. (Children find this city on the map themselves.)
Now find on the map the capital of Italy, the city of Rome.
Read the text on pages 10-13
The teacher completes the material of the textbook about Ancient Rome.
Ancient Rome.
Ancient Rome, the Roman Empire is the name of one of the most famous states in the history of mankind. The name of Rome is associated with the name of its founder - Romulus. We didn't know how the city of Rome actually came into existence, but the legend goes like this. In ancient times, a tribe of Latins lived on the territory of modern Italy. In a small city - the state of Alta - Longa, King Numitor ruled. He was overthrown from the throne by his younger brother Amulius. So that the descendants of Numitor could not lay claim to their legal rights to the throne, Amulius ordered to kill the son of Numitor, and to make his daughter a vestal. The Vestal Virgins are servants of Vesta, the Roman goddess of the hearth. They had to live at the temple and keep the fire in the sacred hearth. Vestals could not marry, and Amulius hoped that Numitor's daughter would not have children. But soon the Vestal Virgin gave birth to two sons - twins. She said that their father is the god Mars. Amulius ordered the execution of a young woman, and ordered the twins to be thrown into the Tiber River. The person who carried out the order was too lazy to enter the water, and left the basket with the kids on the shore. The children were hungry and cried, their cry was heard by the she-wolf - she fed them. Later, a shepherd picked them up and raised them as his children. When Romulus and Remus - as the shepherd called the boys - grew up, they learned the secret of their birth, they killed Amulius and returned the throne to their grandfather Numitor. The brothers did not stay in Alta Longa, they decided to found a new city. Each of the brothers wanted to call the city after himself, they quarreled, and Romulus killed Remus in anger. And then he founded the city, which he called Rome (in Latin Roma) and became its first king. The legend says that it was in 375 BC. The city of Rome has been standing for more than two millennia; even in ancient times it was called the “eternal city” for its long life. (slide 6)
Work in workbooks.
P.4, No. 1
Read.
What is the name of the history of the Ancient World? Come up with a name. Write it down.
P.4, No. 2
Read.
Remember the history of Ancient Egypt. What does not apply to her in the first line? Prove it. (The Acropolis is the heart of Athens. Greece.)
Which word from the second line is the name of the ancient city? Prove it. (Pompeii. Karnak is a temple, the Colosseum is an amphitheater in Rome.)
Mark the correct answer with a “+”.
What is not an architectural structure? Prove it. (Vesuvius is the name of a volcano.)
Find among these words the geographical name. (Nile is a river.)
Mark the correct answer with a “+”.
And in what country of antiquity was the god of the desert and sandstorms Set?
Prove it. (Ancient Egypt. If you look at the physical map of the world, we will see that Egypt is located in the desert.)
Mark the correct answer with a “+”. (Set, in ancient Egyptian mythology, the god of the desert and foreign countries, the brother and murderer of Osiris.)
P.5 #3
Read.
Come up with and draw a “visiting card” of one of the ancient countries.
Students complete the task. Then they tell what they depicted on the business card.
P.6, No. 3
Read.
Find the letters of the ancient Greek alphabet. Circle them in red. Use hint.
And circle the letters of the Latin alphabet with a blue circle.
We continue to fill in the table.
What is the name of the era that was discussed in the lesson? (Ancient world history).
Write in the table the name of this era.
What can be said about the duration of this era? (It is several thousand years old.)
Enter in the table.
Find the drawings for this task in the application. Which of the drawings is suitable for this era? (Picture of the Egyptian pyramids.)
Cut out the picture and paste it on the table.
6. Consolidation of the studied.
On the banks of which river did the Egyptian state arise? (On the banks of the Nile.)
What is a hieroglyph? (Special characters for writing.)
Was it easy to learn such writing? (Not everyone could learn such a letter, one hieroglyph could mean several consonant sounds, and there were no signs for denoting vowel sounds in the Egyptian letter. Therefore, the Egyptians respected those who owned a tricky letter.)
What do you know about the gods Ra, Sebek, Thoth? (Ra is the god of the sun, Sebek is the god of water, Thoth is the god of wisdom, counting and writing.)
Who is a pharaoh? Pharaoh is the king of Egypt.)
What great structures did the Egyptians build? Temples and Pyramids
What is the name of the largest pyramid in Egypt? (The Pyramid of Cheops.)
Name the capital of Greece. (The capital of Greece is Athens.)
Which country's capital is Rome? (Rome is the capital of Italy.)
What is the name of a high hill with steep slopes and an architectural ensemble located on it? (The Acropolis is the heart of Athens.)
Name the most famous temple of the Acropolis (The Parthenon is the most famous temple.)
Name the ancient buildings in the city of Rome that have survived to this day. (The Roman Forum was the center of the public life of the city. Temples, bank offices, trading shops were located here. The Pantheon is the temple of all the gods. The Colosseum is an amphitheater, served for gladiator fights and other spectacles, and accommodated about 50 thousand spectators.)
What city was buried under a layer of ash during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius? (Pompey.)
Name the artist and the painting depicting this tragic event. (K.P. Bryullov “The Last Day of Pompeii”)
The teacher shows a reproduction of the picture, talks about the events depicted on it.
The last day of Pompeii.
The event that the painter tells about took place in 79 AD. e., when the flowering cities of Herculaneum, Pompeii and Statius died as a result of the eruption of the volcano Vesuvius. Bryullov painted the picture for six years in Italy, after visiting the ruins of the famous Pompeii. Careful study of excavations and literary sources, rich creative imagination helped him create a masterpiece in which the theme of death and destruction is intertwined with the theme of the high human spirit that opposes it. Without losing moral strength, dignity and courage, the inhabitants of Pompeii doomed to death,
They think not so much about themselves, but about their loved ones. On the right side of the picture we see a son persuading his old mother to gather strength and run away with him; nearby, a warrior and a boy hurries to take out a weak old man, and the groom saves the bride who has lost consciousness. The painting was warmly received by the artist's contemporaries both in Italy and France, and at home. Shown in Odessa, Moscow and St. Petersburg, it caused general delight.
A. S. Pushkin, impressed by what he saw, wrote: “Vesuvius opened the pharynx - smoke poured out in a club - the flame developed widely, like a battle banner. The earth is worried - idols fall from the staggering columns! The people, driven by fear, under stone rain and inflamed dust, in crowds of old and young, run out of the city.
This painting is in the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.
7. Summing up the lesson.
Name the states of the ancient world.
Name the remarkable ancient buildings.
No. 4 in the workbook. Prepare a message about interesting facts about one of the states of the Ancient World (p. 5).
Bibliography.
1. Altynov P.I. Brief reference book for schoolchildren. - M .: Bustard, 1997
- Millard E. History. Ancient world. - M .: Rosmen, 1997
- Papadakin V. Egypt: the land of the pharaohs.- M.: Teugra, 1997.
- Chudokova N.V. I know the world. History.- M.: AST, 1997
