Option 32. Assignments for the Unified State Examination 2018. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options

Read the text and complete tasks 1 - 3

(1) The history of planetariums decisively changed its course in the 20th century, this is due to the founding of the Deutsches Museum in Munich in 1903: it was a new type of museum, where artifacts are not just exhibited, but are working models of scientific and technical inventions. (2) With the prompting of the astronomer Max Wolf, director of the astronomical observatory in Heidelberg, the German Museum wanted to get working models of planetariums - like the historical ones, but improved, and in 1918 a group led by F. Mayer designed and built a mechanical (Copernican) planetarium. (3) The difference between this design and typical historical models is that if the latter give the form solar system from above, then the design of the Mayer group is a view from below: in a cylindrical room with a diameter of 12 m and a height of 2.8 m, a viewer standing on the floor sees the planets suspended from a drive mechanism under the ceiling.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The foundation in 1903 of the German Museum in Munich, which ordered improved models of planetariums, changed the course of the history of planetariums: in 1918, a mechanical planetarium was built by the F. Mayer group, which, unlike historical models, gave a view of the solar system not from above, but from below .

2) Founded in 1903, the Deutsches Museum in Munich was a new type of museum, where artifacts are not just exhibited in a cylindrical room with a diameter of 12 m, but are working models of scientific and technical inventions that work on a drive mechanism.

3) When the director of the astronomical observatory in Heidelberg, Max Wolf, advised the Deutsches Museum to obtain working models of planetariums - like historical ones, but improved - this decisively changed the course of the development of the history of planetariums.

4) A group led by F. Mayer, who has been working on the creation of a planetarium since 1903, built a cylindrical room with a diameter of 12 m and a height of 2.8 m, in which the audience saw models of the planets.

5) In 1918, a mechanical planetarium was built by F. Mayer's group, which gave a view of the solar system not from above, like historical models, but from below: this event, which changed the course of the history of planetariums, was the result of work on the order of the German Museum founded in 1903 in Munich.

2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the first (1) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

because of which and although but therefore

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word HISTORY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

HISTORY, -and, f.

1) Reality in the process of its development, in motion. Laws of history. Make history.

2) The totality of sciences that study the past human society. Worldwide (universal) and. I. Middle Ages.

3) what. development progress, change something.; course of events, a set of facts connected with something, someone. I. cities. I. our friendship.

4) Story, narration. Tell funny stories.

5) Incident, event. Get into history. Whole and. happened to someone.

4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

relegated

accepted

locked myself up

dose

5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

From early morning the whole sky was overlaid with RAIN clouds; it was quiet, not hot, as happens on gray overcast days.

Success in Equestrian sport largely depends on the mutual understanding of the rider and the horse.

Elks are found in the FORESTED areas of our region.

The employer is obliged to PROVIDE paid study leave to an employee who is studying in graduate school in absentia.

HOUSING construction has already begun outside the metropolis.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

five KILOGRAMS of rice

LIE ON YOUR SIDE

over fifty thousand

distant VILLAGES

Rectors of universities

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS A) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover B) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members B) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate D) incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech

SUGGESTIONS 1) The football player who played in attack and who scored two goals was a pupil of a famous coach. 2) Between the British and the Romans, having conquered the British Isles, football meetings were arranged. 3) Everyone who loves poetry knows A. A. Fet as a subtle lyricist, a singer of art, love and nature. 4) In the family archive there is a message from the actor M. S. Shchepkin, in which he writes that “I heartache I announce the closing of the theater in Tiflis. 5) The young geologist, contrary to the skeptical forecasts of his friends, brilliantly coped with the task that he set for himself. 6) The painting by I. I. Firsov “A Young Painter” depicts the artist’s home workshop. 7) After reading the play by A.V. Vampilov, I decided to get to know the playwright’s work better. 8) Everyone who participates in the bike ride must have a helmet and reflective elements on clothing. 9) A scientific and civil feat was the creation by N. M. Karamzin of the twelve-volume work “History of the Russian State”.

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

compress..burning

architectural

est..cada

bl..stability

9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter

pr .. managed, pr .. elephant

oh .. threw, on .. knit

pr .. was silent, r .. separated

ro..cherk, white..bottom

pr .. cooked, pr .. lay down

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the gap.

step out..

mocking .. out

beans..vy

withstand..wat

smiling..y

11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.

perekol..sh

glued

built..

wrinkled..

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written CLEARLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

FROM mid-nineteenth centuries, Russian scientists (NOT) ONCE organized expeditions to the volcanoes of Kamchatka.

(NOT) TOTALLY understandable behavior of the hero is explained by the author in the last chapter.

(NOT) EVERYONE is able to behave naturally in a conversation with unfamiliar people.

In our time (NOT) CONTINUOUSLY growing amount of information that is transmitted over the global backbone lines.

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

The eldest son Anisim came home very rarely, only on big holidays, (THE) THIS often sent gifts with fellow countrymen and SO (SAME), like the middle one, Stepan, short letters.

Sergeev knew and loved his work (FOR) THAT it was given to him, (FOR) THIS, and they considered him a good master at the factory.

(FROM) WHAT are you so demanding of him and (BY) WHAT do you judge the culture of this person: by his manners, tastes or habits?

They were sometimes silent for hours, FOR (THAT) each felt that both of them felt good - and (FOR) THAT is why it is good that they are together.

IT IS UNLIKELY (THAT) someone will have doubts (AT) ACCOUNT that dill is useful, but not everyone realizes how much.

14. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written HH.

Some of the paintings by the artist A.K. Savrasov were small; writing (1) to them within one to two hours, they are noted (2) by the charm of inspiring (3) improvisations.

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) There were no decorations on the walls or on the windows.

2) Among the artisans were weavers and gunsmiths and bone carvers.

3) A powerful "fur coat" around our planet consists of free protons and electrons and is divided into two belts.

4) Antiquity in Greece appeared before V. A. Serov in its purest form, and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.

5) Cases and cases are completely tortured.

16. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should (s) be a comma (s).

A magnificent view opened before us: the river winds (1) dimly blue through the misty distance (2) through watery-green meadows, and a person (3) embraced by the bright breath of spring (4) grows stronger, breathes more freely, more joyfully in his soul.

17. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should (s) be a comma (s).

In late autumn or winter, flocks of melodiously chirping or sharply screaming birds appear on the streets of cities (1) (2). Here (3) apparently (4) for this cry, the birds got their name - waxwings, because the verb "to whistle" meant "to whistle sharply, scream."

18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should (s) be a comma (s).

In the poem (1) the plot (2) of which (3) was at first rather vague (4) now includes all the living scenes of the journey.

19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in place of which commas should be.

He continued on his way (1) but (2) when only twelve miles remained (3) the tire suddenly whistled and sank (4) because a sharp stone again fell under the wheel.

20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.

April 1 marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of the world classic classical literature Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.

Read the text and complete tasks 21 - 26

(1) In the evening I heard Vasya's violin ...

(2) In the thickets of the Fokinsky River, someone was looking for a cow and then called her in a gentle voice, then scolded last words. (3) I have already leaned my hands on the logs in order to push off at once, fly to the very gates and rattle the latch so that all the dogs in the village wake up. (4) But from under the ridge, from the interweaving of hops and bird cherry, from the deep interior of the earth, music arose and nailed me to the wall.

(5) And there was no Yenisei, neither winter nor summer; a living vein of the key began to beat behind Vasya's hut. (6) The key began to gain weight, and not one key, two, three, a formidable stream is already whipping from the rock, rolling stones, breaking trees, turning them upside down, carrying, twisting. (7) He is about to sweep away the hut under the mountain, wash away the mess and bring down everything from the mountains. (8) Thunders will strike in the sky, lightning will flash, mysterious fern flowers will flare up from them. (9) The forest will flare up from the flowers, the earth will light up, and this fire will not be flooded even by the Yenisei - there is nothing to stop such a terrible storm!

(10) But the violin itself extinguished everything. (11) Again one person yearns, again something is a pity, again someone is going somewhere, maybe on a convoy, maybe on a raft, maybe on foot he goes to distant distances.

(12) The world did not burn down, nothing collapsed. (13) Everything is in place. (14) Only my heart, seized with grief and delight, how it started, how it jumped, and beats at the throat, wounded for life by music.

(15) What did the music tell me about? (16) What did she complain about? (17) Who was angry with? (18) Why is it so anxious and bitter to me? (19) Why do you feel so sorry for yourself?

(20) The music ended unexpectedly, as if someone had put an imperious hand on the violinist’s shoulder: “Well, that’s enough!” (21) In mid-sentence, the violin fell silent, fell silent, not shouting out, but exhaling pain. (22) But already, besides her, of her own free will, another violin soared higher, higher, and with a fading pain, a moan squeezed into her teeth, broke off in the sky ...

(23) For a long time I sat in a corner of the fuss, licking large tears that rolled down on my lips. (24) I didn’t have the strength to get up and leave. (25) I lifted the intertwined hop strings hanging over the window and looked out the window. (26) Slightly flickering, a burned-out iron stove was heated in the hut. (27) Vasya reclined on the couch, covering his eyes with his left hand. (28) A violin rested on Vasya's chest, a long stick-bow was clamped in right hand. (29) I quietly opened the door, stepped into the guardroom ...

(30) In the stove it clicked once, twice, its burned-out sides were marked with red roots and blades of grass, a reflection of fire swayed, fell on Vasya. (31) 0n threw the violin to his shoulder and began to play.

(32) It took a long time until I learned music. (33) She was the same as I heard at the import, and at the same time completely different. (34) Softer, kinder, anxiety and pain were only guessed in her, the violin no longer moaned, her soul did not ooze blood, the fire did not rage around and the stones did not collapse.

(35) The musician’s shadow, broken at the waist, rushed around the hut, stretched along the wall, became transparent, like a reflection in the water, then the shadow moved away into a corner, disappeared in it, and then a living musician was indicated there, a living Vasya the Pole. (36) The shirt on him was unbuttoned, his feet were bare, his eyes were in dark contours. (37) Vasya was lying on the violin with his cheek, and it seemed to me that he was calmer, more comfortable, and he heard in the violin something that I would never hear.

(38) I was so staring, so overheard that I flinched when Vasya spoke.

- (39) This music was written by a person who was deprived of the most precious thing, - Vasya thought aloud, without stopping playing. - (40) If a person has no mother, no father, but there is a homeland, he is not yet an orphan. (41) Everything passes: love, regret for it, the bitterness of loss, even the pain from wounds passes, but the longing for the homeland never, never goes away ...

(42) The violin again touched the very strings that had heated up during the previous game and had not yet cooled down.

- (43) This music was written by my countryman Oginsky in a tavern on the border, saying goodbye to his homeland. (44) He sent her last greetings. (45) For a long time there has been no composer in the world, but his pain, his longing, his love for native land, which no one could take away, is still alive.

(46) Vasya fell silent, the violin spoke, the violin sang, the violin died out. (47) Her voice became quieter, quieter, it stretched in the dark with a thin, light cobweb ...

(According to V.P. Astafiev)

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) From the sounds of the violin coming from the guardroom, the narrator's tears flowed.

2) The sounds of music spread throughout the Yenisei, they could not be drowned out even by thunder.

3) The music that Vasya played on the violin was written by his fellow countryman when he said goodbye to his homeland.

4) Feeling anxiety and bitterness in the sounds of music, the narrator interrupted the violinist's playing, putting his hand on his shoulder.

5) Unlike other feelings, homesickness never goes away.

22. Which of the following statements are false? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sentences 2-4 present the narrative.

2) Proposition 14 is contrasted in content with Propositions 12-13.

3) Sentence 20 contains the answer to the questions posed in sentences 15-19.

4) In sentences 26-28, reasoning is presented.

5) Sentences 40-41 contain a description.

23. From sentences 23-29, write out the word with the meaning "a kind of plank bed."

24. Among sentences 1-9, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using word forms (s). Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

25. “The language of V.P. Astafiev’s story “A Far and Near Tale”, which opens the book “The Last Bow”, is very emotional, like the music itself, to which the text is dedicated. The image of music becomes central to the narrative, which confirms the frequent use of such a trope as (A) ____ (sentences 15, 46). The feelings that flooded the narrator from the sounds of music and the thoughts that visited him convey the trope - (B) ____ (sentence 9), as well as the reception - (C) ____ (sentences 18-19). The violinist Vasya explains the power of the influence of music, in whose speech there is a technique - (G) ____ (in sentences 41, 45) ”.

List of terms:

1) question-answer form of presentation

2) comparative turnover

3) hyperbole

4) phraseological units

5) impersonation

6) colloquial and colloquial words

7) anaphora

8) opposition

26. Write an essay.

Option 32
Job number	Answer	Job number	Answer
			but that's why
	dose
			1234 or any combination of these numbers
			1234 or any combination of these numbers
	architectural		classical
	cooked lay down		135 or any combination of these numbers
	bean		345 or any combination of these numbers
	building
	continuously

Problem

1. The problem of the influence of music on people. (What effect does music have on people?)

2. The problem of people's perception of music. (How do people perceive music?)

1. Music can awaken very strong emotions in a person, cause tears.

2. Listening to music, a person begins to experience various feelings with particular acuteness.

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

A magnificent view opened before us: the river winds (1) dimly blue through the misty distance (2) through watery-green meadows, and a person (3) embraced by the bright breath of spring (4) grows stronger, breathes more freely, more joyfully in his soul.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

A magnificent view opened before us: the river winds, dimly blue through the misty distance, through watery green meadows, and human, embraced by the bright breath of spring, grows stronger, breathes more freely, more joyfully in his soul.

Commas should be placed in the first and second places: these are commas showing the boundaries of the adverbial turnover "dim blue through the foggy distance."

Commas 3 and 4 are commas before and after the isolated definition expressed by the participle, standing after the word being defined - "covered by the bright breath of spring."

Commas should be in places 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Answer: 1234

Relevance: Current academic year

Difficulty: normal

Codifier section: Punctuation marks in sentences with separate members (definitions, circumstances, applications, additions)

Rule: Task 17. Separation of definitions and circumstances

SEPARATION OF DEFINITIONS AND CIRCUMSTANCES

In task 16, students are required to be able to see isolated and non-isolated minor members sentences and place commas in separate sentences. While all secondary members can be separated, only cases of separation / non-separation are included in this assignment definitions and circumstances. Thus, in the task there can be combinations of two types separate members, and the placement of punctuation marks will depend on the specifics of the separation of definitions (see paragraph 16.1) and circumstances (see paragraph 16.2)

16.1 Separate definitions. Basic concepts.

Separate definitions are definitions highlighted in meaning with the help of intonation and commas.

Consequently, non-separated - not separated by commas and intonation.

Both isolated and non-isolated definitions are expressed most often * full forms of adjectives or participles. it agreed definitions, that is, it agrees in gender, number and case with its main word (= GS). Both isolated and non-isolated definitions designate a sign of an object (main word).

*note: isolation cases inconsistent definitions, expressed by nouns, are not considered in this section, since USE assignments do not include such examples.

If the definition has no dependent words, then it is single definition.

If from the definition you can ask a question to another word (words), that is, there are dependent words in the definition, it is called widespread. The most striking example of a common definition is participial turnover (=|PO|).

Example 1. Car (what?) (GS)"Ambulance" , | standing across the pavement|, managed to attract onlookers. The definition for the word "car" is expressed by the participle "standing"; from him we ask the question where? - to "across the pavement". Both the participle and the words dependent on it are included in the participle.

Example 2. In the same way, there are turns with an adjective: On glass (GS) what?, | Silver from hoarfrost | |, frost painted patterns. From the adjective "silver" the question is raised from what? to "frost", therefore, the adjective and the dependent word are defining turnover (=|ОО|).

Both the participle and the attributive turnover are one member of the sentence - the definition.

If there are several definitions, then they can be homogeneousif they refer to one member of the sentence and there is (or can be inserted) a union between them And or there are commas;

and heterogeneous, if they refer to different members of the sentence and there is no union or it is impossible to insert a union between them And or no commas.

Here are examples of common homogeneous definitions expressed by participial phrases:

Example 3: boy , | sledding | and |played with sister|, turned out to be the son of our neighbor.

to the main word boy include two common definitions, each of which is expressed by a participial turnover: “rolled” + dependent words and “played” + dependent words

Scheme: GS + (PO and PO).

As you can see, a comma is not placed between two homogeneous software, according to the general rule of using commas with homogeneous members connected by a single union And.

Example 4: In the following example, common definitions are not homogeneous, as they refer to different members of the sentence:

boy , | sledding |,(1) and |playing with his daughter| neighbor turned out to be father and son. The boy was riding, and the neighbor was playing.

Scheme: GS+PO , And PO+GS . If you drop both turns, the sentence will not break: The boy and the neighbor turned out to be dad and son. The comma at number 1, therefore, is needed not for homogeneous definitions, but for the boundary of the first participial turnover.

16.1.1. BASIC RULE for separation of definitions

Let's go back to the example boy , | sledding |, and |playing with his daughter| neighbor turned out to be father and son.

Why is there a comma after the word “boy” before the PO (= participial phrase), but not before the word “neighbor”?

There are a number of rules governing this. Let's define the most important, practically the only rule that you need to know when doing task 16 when working with definitions.

The participial (determinative) turnover is always isolated if it is after the main word.

Here, according to this scheme, separation always occurs: GS + PO.

Example 5: Human, | not remembering the past | |, deprives itself of the future. Set apart participial phrase after the main word.

Example 6: Were heard sounds, | similar to the groans of trees | |. Scheme: GS+OO.

The definitive turn standing after after the main word was isolated

We interchange the positions of software and HS in the above sentences:

Example 7.|Not remembering the past|human deprives himself of the future. There is no separation, since the scheme is different: PO + HS

Example 8. Were heard | similar to the groans of trees | | sounds. There is no separation. Scheme: OO+GS

Note: There is no such rule: participle turnover is separated by commas. It is absolutely necessary to comply with the conditions for its selection.

16.1.2. ADDITIONAL RULES for separation of definitions

The following rules can be called additional only in terms of the need for task 16. These rules are included in school course of the Russian language are obligatory for studying, but spellings regulated by these rules were not found in the tasks of the Unified State Examination.

1. The participial turnover must be isolated in the position before the word being defined, if determination has the meaning of cause or concession.

Example 9: | Exhausted by many days of drought |, Earth eagerly quenched their thirst. (Why did the earth quench its thirst? Because it was exhausted by the drought.) Scheme: PO + GS.

Example 10: |Decorated with glitter balls|, Christmas tree now and then attracted the attention of the kitten. Why did the tree attract attention? Because it was decorated. Scheme: software + GS.

Example 11: Raised in poverty and hunger, Paul was hostile to those who were, in his understanding, rich. Why did he treat it like that? Because I grew up in poverty.

Scheme: software + HS.

If there is no reason value, then turnover is not allocated as a general rule.

|Hung on a tree| birdhouse was occupied on the same day. (There is no reason, it cannot be argued that he was settled because he was hanged. There is no isolation, the basic rule applies.)

2. Separation always occurs if the definition refers to a personal pronoun.

Scheme: PO+(GS=LM). , where LM is a personal pronoun.

Example 12 |Engaged in conversation|, he listened.

Example 13 Excited and excited he ran into the room.

Example 14 Enriched with new concepts and feelings he I started re-reading my books.

Very often these two rules are combined in one sentence:

Example 15 Tired of walking in the swamp, wandered I into the shed and fell deeply asleep: on the one hand, there is a reason (why did you fall asleep?), on the other hand, the main word is a personal pronoun.

The above rules related to the separation of participial and attributive turns.

There is another type of isolation that is different from the others.

3. Several non-common definitions are separated, connected by a union and(or without it, with a comma) after the main word.

Scheme: GS+Definition + I+ Definition.

Example 16 March night, cloudy and misty, enveloped the earth.

Example 17 Spring spirit, cheerful and carefree, went everywhere.

We draw attention to the fact that sentences with two or three participial (defining) phrases are very often found in assignments, which complicates the process of highlighting their boundaries. In this case, it may turn out that the revolutions either sequentially follow each other, or are built into one another, or are located to the right and left of the HS. At the same time, in sentences there can be and will be non-isolated definitions expressed by single adjectives, participles and pronouns.

We give examples of parsing the most difficult sentences with isolated and non-isolated definitions

EXAMPLE 1. From a distance he saw house, | different from others | |, | built by some Italian architect | .

EXAMPLE 2. Over not yet calmed down after the recent storm boundless by sea towered sky, humiliated by brightly shimmering stars.

16.2. isolated circumstances. Basic concepts

Separate circumstances are single gerunds and participles. The participle is a special form of the verb that answers the questions what are you doing? and what did you do ?, always refers to the verb and denotes an additional action in relation to the main one. For example, in a sentence Having done big circle on newspaper lane in Kislovka, Levin again returned to the hotel and, putting watch in front of you, sat down, waiting twelve. the highlighted words are gerunds, underlined as circumstances together with the words dependent on them, i.e. gerunds (=DO)

16.2.1 The basic rule for separating gerunds and participles.

Unlike participles and participial phrases, single gerunds and participles are always distinguished by commas, regardless of their location.

Cases when gerunds are not distinguished, that is, they are not isolated, not included in the USE tasks and are not included in the amount of information necessary to complete task 16.

16.2.2 Special cases. Setting commas with several predicates or several turns (single gerunds).

The complexity of tasks often lies in the fact that the sentence may contain various combinations of combinations of isolated circumstances and predicates. For example, with one predicate there can be two (or more) DO or single gerunds; there can be two, three predicates, and each has its own (own) DO. Let's consider these options in more detail.

1. There are two homogeneous predicates in the sentence, and participial turnover refers to one of them.

The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, a phrase, a number or a sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1) The work of some animal artists is devoted to the image of horses. (2) From time immemorial, horses have been the closest helpers of man, and the attitude towards the horse - the breadwinner and faithful friend - has been special since ancient times. (3) _____ The close attention of artists to these graceful, beautiful and at the same time hardy animals is quite understandable.

1

Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

1. The attention of artists to horses is due to the fact that horses were the closest helpers of man.

2. From time immemorial, horses have been depicted in the paintings of artists.

3. Hardy animals have been respected by humans since ancient times.

4. The attention of animal artists to horses modern man not quite clear.

5. A special attitude to the horse - the breadwinner and faithful friend - led to close attention to him from the artists.

2

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write out this word.

1. Apparently

2. Unfortunately,

3. Therefore

4. Because

5. Hardly

3

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word NEAREST (CLOSER). Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

CLOSE, th, th.

1. Located, taking place at a short distance, not far away. Close shots. B. path (not far). Close (adv.) to live.

2. Separated by a short period of time. Near future. The night is near.

3. FULL f. About kinship: blood related, direct. B. relative. Close family. Find your loved ones (noun).

4. With whom. Connected by close personal communication, friendship, love. B. buddy. Close relationships (friendly as well as intimate). They became close.

5. To whom (what). Closely related to someone, directly related to someone, dear to someone. close interests. Appeals close to the masses.

6. For what, in what. Similar, similar. B. by content. B. to the original. Close in opinion.

7. To whom (what). Having free access to journalist, b. to theater circles.

4

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

indulge

agreement

encouraged

most beautiful

5

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

1. FRIENDLY messages - a very common genre in Russian poetry early XIX century.

2. Descriptions by Leonid Andreev almost always seem EXOTIC.

3. Shumeiko was the only visitor who, having returned to Moscow, sent us a letter of thanks.

4. Plot devices, stylistics, formal devices that were relevant quite recently are OBSOLETE for the new generation.

5. Velikanov himself noted this at the ANNUAL REPORTING MEETING in his usual somewhat illogical manner.

6

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

in TWO HUNDRED meters

indirect cases

ripe apricots

HARDER than wood

LIE on the floor

7

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

SUGGESTIONS	GRAMMATICAL ERRORS
A) After reading this article, I became even more proud of my language.	1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) There are many works in literature dedicated to women	2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) The author of the fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse" P. Ershov was born and lived in Siberia.	3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) Walking through the seaside park, she heard the splashing of the waves.	4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) I told and convinced the listeners of the reality of the events I describe.	5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
	6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
	7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write your answer in numbers without spaces or other characters.

8

Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

mind .. lie

check.. ry

9

Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.

n..reproaches, pr..mortars

in..mad, ra..doubling

pr..raised, pr..image

in..anxious, nor..toss

pr .. language, not .. grasping

10

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

endured..in

armchair..tse

dance..

magnesium..out

11

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

do it..sh

returns..my

hold on

chasing .. chasing

glued

12

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

1. I got out of the snow and, (not) arguing with the wind anymore, turned back.

2. Dor is a field, but only (not) a simple field, but in the middle of a forest.

3. Good strength is power, (not) resorting to cruelty.

4. An English street is (not) meant to be a place of meetings and walks.

5. The silence thickened even more and became completely (un)believable.

13

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

1. I SHOULD have to tell him SOMETHING special.

2. (And) SO, despite our efforts, everything remained (ON) THE SAME.

3. (B) CONSEQUENCE OF SOME delay in the way the horses fell behind, and we went ahead.

4. From here there was a view of the river bend with a rapids (ON) MIDDLE and a high arch of the bridge (B) DALI.

5. (C) EARLY September, the air starts to get (SLOWLY) colder.

14

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.

The roof visible among the pines, more beautiful (1) with bright oil (2) paint, saved us from a long search. On the level (3) oh and sprinkle (4) gravel path, we approach the house and knock on one of the shutters. “Well, host, accept the uninvited (5) guests,” one of us says jokingly.

15

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1. Russia is the unification of races and the unification of peoples is free catholicity and unity in difference.

2. There is nothing in the world more precious and holier than human life and human dignity.

3. I slowly walked away from the thunderstorm, overcame a dense spruce forest and went out into a dry birch forest.

4. By the attitude of a person to his language, one can absolutely accurately judge not only the cultural level, but also its civic value.

5. Lawns and flower beds are delimited by sandy paths and antique marble sculptures.

16

A magnificent view opened before us: a river winds (1) turning blue through a foggy distance between green meadows and low hills (2) and (3) embraced by the bright breath of spring (4) a person grows stronger, becomes more joyful in his soul.

17

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.

Epics about glorious heroes are widely known: Mikula, Volga, Sadko and (1) of course (2) about three famous defenders of the Russian land - Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. Of course (3) there is a lot of fiction in epics, but (4) nevertheless (5) they tell about real events and people.

18

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

The entrance hall (1) where a mirror with a glove holder (2) hung and an oak trunk (3) stood on which it was easy to run into with a knee (4) narrowed into a very cramped corridor.

19

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

When he studied at the university (1) it seemed to him (2) that medicine would soon suffer the fate of alchemy and metaphysics (3) now (4) when he reads at night (5) medicine touches him (6) and arouses surprise in him and even delight.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-26.

LOOK FOR SERAPHIM

(1) Seraphim is a Chernivtsi veterinarian. (2) I emphasize, Chernivtsi. (3) And this means a lot. (4) Chernivtsi people are special. (5) Very similar to Odessans. (6) Love to talk, the sun, children and animals. (7) Therefore, the phrase “Tell me who your friend is ...” and further down the text, Seraphim pronounces it completely differently from others. (8) And emotionally. (9) Gesticulating. (10) And a little with a threat. (11) For prevention. (12) Something like this: (13) "I will, of course, tell you who you are when I see who lives in your house, in what condition and in what conditions."

(14) Seraphim knows his patients by name, smell, color, voice and face. (15) With those who mistreat their pets, Seraphim quarrels forever and stops greeting at all. (16) For example, Lyova Gold. (17) He seemed like a decent person until the turtle settled with him. (18) A good girl, calm, undemanding. (19) Do you believe it - ran away! (20) Leva opened the door to the plumber. (21) The turtle in the hallway has been on duty for a week, stomping around, waiting for an opportunity. (22) As soon as the door was opened, she broke and ran away. (23) We searched, of course. (24) Later, acquaintances said that they saw Levin a turtle on the street. (25) Rushed along the axial along the Kyiv highway. (26) And disappeared. (27)3a horizon. (28) But because the music did not have to be turned on loudly, the girls were driven. (29) And stomp. (30) And turtles, for your information, eat apple slices and lettuce-cabbage leaves. (31) Not bacon chips. (32) Everything. (ZZ) Farewell, Lyova Gold, you are an animal. (34) You can’t even be trusted with a plush hare. (35) Live alone.

(Z6) Now - Margarita at the Agosyants. (37) Kitty. (38) Who said cat? (39) This is your cat. (40) And the Agosyants have a gentle, affectionate, proud, independent, touchy, charming, charming cat. (41) Seraphim warned: she got fat. (42) Does he play with a ball? (43) Catches mice? (44) But who will let her! (45) But it loses grace. (46) Yesterday I fell off the battery in a dream. (47) In a bucket of water. (48) Embarrassment. (49) She has ceased to be interested in life. (50) In March. (51) Physical inactivity. (52) Moves a little. (53) Overweight. (54) Cellulite. (55) Fed. (56) Here are the animals!

(57) Tomik has a parrot. (58) Hooligan and swindler. (59) Kutila careless. (60) Likes to peck chocolate and young female legs. (61) That's education. (62) It's time to register. (63) To the special detention center of the police. (64) Steals coins, jewelry. (65) Criminal element. (66) In this case, only harsh measures. (67) Parrot - on a polished surface. (68) To slide and fall. (69) And do not hear pleas for help. (70) Immediately falls silent, pouts, realizes mistakes. (71) It's more difficult with the owner. (72) This one does not understand the first time. (73) It is necessary to repeat. (74) Educate.

(75) The Berdyanskys have a donkey Socrates. (76) Big clever girl. (77) He puts on a hat himself and every day goes to the nearest cafe in the city park. (78) He is engaged in consummation. (79) Spins visitors into puff pastries. (80) Doesn't eat others. (81) When he sees Seraphim, he closes his eyes with a hat and thinks that he hid. (82) Donkey. (83) What will you take from him. (84) Although quick-witted. (85) 3 knows that Seraphim will take him home. (86) And for at least a week, he, Socrates, will remain under strict supervision and without Napoleon.

(87) The Osadchihs have a young goat, Marianna. (88) Dreamy, stupid, amorous. (89) Intrusive. (90) They will take them out to the lawn - they will think. (91) Standing, staring around. (92) Dreaming. (93)B good weather disconnects altogether. (94) Wanders to the stadium. (95) Sticks to people. (96) Begging. (97) Man, treat, they say, a cigarette. (98) 3a match can chew a pack of Marlboro. (99) Sat down. (100) For tobacco and football. (101) They corrupted the goat, animals. (102) Now cure her addiction.

(103) The Immortals have Fedor the pig. (104) Inquisitive, inquisitive. (105) All the time he looks out the window from his shed. (106) Watching. (107) For birds, dogs, passers-by. (108) The owners, such animals, say: maybe we will slaughter him? (109) Eats so much, but does not get fat at all. (110) And Seraphim: what are you, really ?! (111) Yes, he, Fedor, is not getting better, because everything goes into his mind! (112) It is better to teach him to read. (113) And then he will start to bother. (114) Because his, Fedorovo, happiness is in continuous knowledge.

Part 1

When completing the tasks of this part, in the answer sheet No. 1, under the number of the task you are performing (A1–A30), put the sign “ × » in the cell, the number of which corresponds to the number of your chosen answer.

A1. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel correctly highlighted?

4) accepted

A2. In which answer option is the underlined word used? wrong?

1) The counselor, with a SMART gait, went towards the guys who were animatedly discussing the results of the competition.

2) In the lower left corner of the picture, the artist made a surprisingly SKILLED and solid stroke.

3) HOUSING conditions of the family were very unfavorable.

4) On hot July days, when the STONE city was languishing from the sun, silence and coolness reigned in the park.

A3. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1) five kilograms of rice

2) vacuum cleaner

3) over seven hundred and fifty thousand

4) distant villages

A4. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

1) the structure of the proposal should be taken into account.

2) the grammatical structure of the sentence is important.

3) you need to consider the structure of the proposal.

4) the structure of the sentence is often not taken into account.

A5. Specify an offer with grammatical error(with violation of the syntactic norm).

1) Meadows spread all around, fragrant with the aromas of flowers and herbs.

2) Everyone who saw the sea on moonlit southern evenings often remembers it.

3) The officer demanded stationmaster that he needs horses.

4) The development of our industry for a long time proceeded along the line of amalgamation of enterprises.

A6. In which sentence is the subordinate clause complex sentence cannot be replaced by a separate definition, expressed by participial turnover?

1) A unique phenomenon in the essay genre was the novel "The Past and Thoughts", which was called "an essay novel, an epic, an encyclopedia of eseism."

2) In our time, the volume of information that is transmitted over global trunk lines is constantly growing.

3) The purpose of the abstract is to convey the main, essential, new information contained in the referenced document.

Read the text and complete tasks A7–A12.

(1) ... (2) First of all, they include sea water itself, the reserves of which today are truly colossal and account for 96.5% of the total volume of the hydrosphere. (3) Sea water is a kind of "living ore" containing seventy-five chemical elements. (4) So, even the ancient Egyptians and Chinese learned how to extract salt from it, which is now obtained in large quantities. (5) It is interesting that the salt mines on the Chinese coast have existed for more than five thousand years and cover an area of ​​over four hundred thousand hectares, and the annual salt production here reaches twenty million tons. (6)... sea water is also an important source of magnesium, bromine, iodine and other chemical elements.

A7. Which of the following sentences should come first in this text?

1) Most commercial fish and animals in the oceans need protection.

2) The ocean is a huge pantry of natural resources.

3) Scientists managed to unravel the mystery of the oceans.

4) The main wealth of the deep-sea bed of the Ocean is the deposits of iron and manganese.

A8. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the sixth sentence?

1) Contrary to this

2) In addition,

3) On the contrary,

4) Therefore

A9. What word or combination of words is grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence of the text?

1) salt is received (sentence 4)

2) the Egyptians learned (sentence 4)

3) interesting then (sentence 5)

4) water serves (sentence 6)

A10. Indicate the correct description of the second (2) sentence of the text.

1) complex with allied coordinating and unionless bond between parts

2) complex with allied subordinating and allied connection between parts

3) complex

4) complex non-union

4) adverb

A12. Indicate the meaning of the word RECEIVE in sentence 4.

1) mined

2) experience

3) acquire

A13. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which one letter H is written?

Some of the paintings by the artist Savrasov were small in size: written (1) by him for one or two hours, they are marked (2) by the charm of inspirational (3) improvisations.

A14. In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

1) dol_tet, wind_wound, burning

2) architectural, interview, to_sat

3) br_statnost, remove.

4) compare, split, update

A15. In which row in all words is the same letter missing?

1) pr_stop, pr_cook, unconditionally

2) no_skusny, no_initiative, super_gra

3) not_hatched, pr_shut, p_replace

4) ro_cherk, unbending, and_podtishka

A16. In which row in both words is the letter I written at the place of the gap?

1) perekol_sh, studded

2) sawed, glued

3) hear_you, invisible_my

4) sow, build

A17. In which answer option are all the words where the letter I is omitted?

A. step out

B. mocking

B. beans

G. endure

A18. In which sentence is NOT written together with the word?

2) Since the middle of the 19th century, Russian scientists (more than once) organized expeditions to the volcanoes of Kamchatka.

3) The (un)understandable behavior of the hero is explained by the author in the last chapter.

4) (Not) everyone is able to behave naturally in a conversation with unfamiliar people.

A19. In which answer option are both underlined words spelled together?

1) The eldest son, Anisim, came home very rarely, only on big holidays, (FOR) THEN he often sent gifts with fellow countrymen and SO (SAME), like the middle one, Stepan, short letters.

2) Sergeev knew his work and loved it (FOR) THAT it was given to him, (FOR) THIS, and they considered him a good master at the factory.

3) (BY) WHAT do you judge a person's culture - by his manners, tastes, habits? And (FROM) WHAT are you so demanding of him?

4) They were sometimes silent for hours, FOR (THAT) each felt that both of them were fine - and (FOR) THAT is why it was good that they were together.

A20. Indicate the correct explanation for the use of a comma or its absence in the sentence:

Antiquity in Greece appeared in its purest form () and the artist perceived this country as a dream of great art realized.

1) Compound sentence, before the union And no comma is needed.

2) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.

3) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.

A21. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

A magnificent view opened before us: the river winds (1) dimly blue through the misty distance (2) through watery-green meadows, and a person (3) embraced by the bright breath of spring (4) grows stronger, breathes more freely, more joyfully in his soul.

A22. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentences?

In late autumn or winter, flocks of melodiously chirping or sharply screaming birds appear on the streets of cities (1) (2). Here (3) apparently (4) for this cry, the birds got their name - waxwings, because the verb "to whistle" meant "to whistle sharply, scream."

A23. Specify the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) There were no decorations on the walls or on the windows.

2) Among the artisans were weavers and gunsmiths and bone carvers.

3) A powerful "fur coat" around our planet consists of free protons and electrons and is divided into two belts.

4) Cases and cases completely tortured me.

A24. How do you explain the use of a colon in the following sentence?

In 1720, Peter I approved new rules for uniforming troops: the caftan received a small cloth collar, pocket flaps with three buttons, a cord on the left shoulder and 10 buttons along the side.

1) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

2) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part.

3) The second part of the non-union complex sentence is opposed in content to what is said in the first part.

4) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the time of doing what is said in the second part.

A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Now all the living scenes of the journey were included in the poem (1) the plot (2) of which (3) was rather vague.

A26. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

He continued on his way (1) but (2) when only twelve miles remained (3) the tire suddenly whistled and sank (4) because a sharp pebble again fell under the wheel.

A27. Read the text.

When we look at a painted object, we see not its own color, but the color of the light that is reflected from this object. Most of the sunlight (and this is a mixture of all colors) falling on an object is absorbed, remains inside. And only the reflected light enters our eyes, and we perceive it as the color of the object.

Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

1) Looking at a painted object, a person perceives the sunlight reflected by the object as its color.

2) Sunlight is a mixture of all colors absorbed by an object.

3) When we look at an object, we see the colors of sunlight absorbed by it.

4) Most of the sunlight enters the human eye.

Read the text and complete tasks A28-A30; B1-B8; C1.

(1) Once in the winter, an appeal from doctors to the audience sounded from the television screens of Omsk: an injured person urgently needed donated blood.

(2) People sat in warm cozy apartments, no one knew about each other's affairs, no one was going to, and could not control human actions. (3) Any person could later say: I didn’t watch TV, I didn’t hear the appeal. (4) But the majority still had a controller. (5) The highest moral controller is conscience. (6) But that's all! (7) Yes, and only. (8) But this “only”, this only selectivity turned out to be the main one in the following minutes, when a person began to act. (9) On trams, buses, taxis, people got to the hospital. (10) The nurses on duty went out to meet them. (11) 320 people came to the hospital in 30 minutes. (12) The victim was saved.

(13) I wanted to meet at least some of these people. (14) I went into their houses, talked, finding out the motives of the act, painfully looked for words and felt how these words were not enough not only for me, but also for the donors themselves ... (15) I still feel the awkwardness of those conversations, clarifications . (16) After all, the main thing was different. (17) The main thing was and is that these people acted on the basis of their usual ideas about moral duty. (18) They had no other motives. (19) Moral duty is their main motive. (20) The act of these people is not a bright flash, but a norm of behavior, and it was truly absurd to try out the motive for an action aimed at helping a person in trouble.

(21) In fact, it is necessary, first of all, to investigate the moral atmosphere, the environment that allows educating people in such an understanding of a sense of duty, such responsiveness. (22) This is really necessary, because it is important that the manifestation of humane properties human soul became a natural need for everyone. (23) For everyone!

(24) With particular clarity, I remember the faces of my old interlocutors at the moments when their act was characterized by many journalists as a feat. (25) No, these people knew well that a feat is one thing, and the fulfillment of a moral duty is another. (26) The journalist should have known this too. (27) As well as the fact that each of these people, in general, every person who is able to transgress personal well-being in order to help another person, is capable of much more. (28) It is such a person who will not allow a collision, a conflict between personal interest and public interest.

(29) One originates in the other. (30) Big - in small, great - in big.

(By *)

* Gennady Nikolaevich Bocharov (born in 1935) -
journalist, publicist, political commentator.

A29. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1) Sentences 9-12 present the narrative.

2) In sentences 17-19, reasoning is presented.

3) 24 sentence of the text contains a descriptive fragment.

4) Sentence 30 explains the content of sentence 29 of the text.

A30. Which sentence uses phraseology?

Part 2

The answer to the tasks of this part (B1-B8) is a word (phrase), a number or a sequence of numbers. Write down your answer in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form. Separate words or numbers with commas when listing. Put each comma in a separate box. Spaces are not used when writing answers.

Answers to tasks B1-B3 write down in words.

B1. Indicate the way of forming the word EXPLAINING (sentence 15).

IN 2. From sentences 24-26 write out all the coordinating conjunctions.

AT 3. From sentence 25, write out a subordinating phrase with the connection CONTROL.

Write down the answers to tasks B4-B8 in numbers.

AT 4. Among sentences 12-22 find simple one-part impersonal sentences. Write the numbers of these proposals.

AT 5. Among sentences 14-24, find a sentence with one separate agreed common definition. Write the number of this offer.

AT 6. Among sentences 13-24 find difficult sentence, which includes adventitious reasons. Write the number of this compound sentence.

AT 7. Among sentences 1-9, find one that is related to the previous one with the help of an adversative conjunction, demonstrative pronoun and lexical repetition. Write the number of this offer.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text,

which you analyzed by completing tasks A28-A30, B1-B7.

This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. If you do not know which number from the list should be in place of the gap, write the number 0.

The sequence of numbers in the order in which they are written by you in the text of the review in the place of the gaps, write down in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of the task number B8, starting from the first cell.

Write each number in a separate cell in accordance with the samples given in the form. Separate numbers with commas. Put each comma in a separate box. Spaces are not used when writing answers.

often expresses his thoughts using such lexical means as _____ (“atmosphere, environment” in sentence 21, “collisions, conflicts” in sentence 28) and ______ (“public” - “personal” in sentence 28). Such a technique as ________ (sentences 20, 25), and such a syntactic means as __________ (sentences 9, 14) help to convey thoughts and feelings more accurately to a publicist.

List of terms:

1) rhetorical question

5) impersonation

6) opposition

7) rows of homogeneous members

8) contextual synonyms

9) exclamatory sentences

C1. Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting). State the position of the author. Write if you agree or disagree

Do you agree with his point of view. Explain why. Argument your answer based on knowledge, life or reading experience (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated.

If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Diagnostic test B-5

A1. four
A2. one
A3. 2
A4. 3
A5. 3
A6. four
A7. 2
A8. 2
A9. 3
A10. 3
A11. one
A12. one
A13. 2
A14. four
A15. four
A16. 3
A17. 2
A18. 3
A19. four
A20. 2
A21. four
A22. four
A23. one
A24. 2
A25 1
A26. four
A27. one
A28. 3
A29. 3
A30. 3

IN 1. suffixal
IN 2. ah, too
AT 3. fulfillment of duty
AT 4. 18, 21
AT 5. 21
AT 6. 22
AT 7. eight
AT 8. 8, 2, 6, 7

Main problems
1. The problem of human action. What should govern human behavior, his actions and deeds?
2. The problem of the correlation of moral duty and achievement. Is it a feat for a person to fulfill his moral duty? What determines a person's readiness for achievement?
3. The problem of cultivating fidelity to moral duty. What needs to be done to make high moral behavior the norm?

Author's position
1. The highest moral controller of human actions should be conscience, and then helping a person in trouble will become the norm of behavior.
2. The fulfillment of moral duty is the norm of human behavior, and not a feat, but it is the person who is able to sacrifice personal well-being for the sake of helping another who is ready for a real feat.
3. The manifestation of the humane properties of the human soul should become a natural need for everyone; it is necessary to study the atmosphere, the situation, which allows to instill in people loyalty to moral duty.

From Guest

TASK: write down the numbers in the place of which there should be commas.

1. Colorful thickets (1) formed by single (2) and colonial coral polyps (3) are clearly visible through the clear waters of warm tropical seas (4) on a quiet sunny day.

2. Ambergris (1) long in sea ​​water(2) or specially purified (3) has a subtle (4) scent of jasmine.

3. In the Crimea, Vasiliev admired the mountains (1) directed towards the sun (2) and (3) trees shrouded in a pink haze (4) for a long time.

4. The glorious biography of the "Arkhangelsk peasant" Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov (1) who left the village with a convoy to Moscow (2) and (3) who eventually became the greatest scientist (4) is known today to every schoolchild.

5. Elegant hive butterflies (1) fluttering easily (2) or basking in the sun (3) can be seen in nature (4) already in early spring.

6. A thundercloud (1) at times sparkling with lightning (2) and making a displeased rumble (3) hurried to the northeast (4) more and more opening the dark starry sky.

7. Mixing with salty sea winds (1) the smell of citrus fruits (2) creates (3) a healing (4) atmosphere for people.

8. Paraphrase - a turn of speech, which consists in replacing a word with a descriptive combination (1) containing (2) an element of the characteristic of the described object or person (3) and helping (4) to avoid unjustified repetitions in the text.

9. In the picture there will be only (1) rain-washed (2) wet meadow under a huge sky, several trees and (3) running on wet grass (4) shadows of gray clouds (5) driven by the wind.

10. The garden (1) became more and more thin and turning into a real meadow (2) descended to (3) a river overgrown with green reeds and willows (4).

11. On a long unsteady raft (1) made of three connected logs (2) we crossed the river and went to the right (3) keeping (4) close to the shore.

12. I saw around one boundless azure sea (1) all covered with small ripples of golden scales, and above my head the same boundless, the same azure sky - and across it (2) triumphant (3) and as if laughing (4) the gentle sun rolled .

13. One after another, horses approached the fire (1) slowly fading in the night (2) and motionlessly stopped (3) looking at us (4) with intelligent eyes.

14. Graduates (1) are increasingly thinking about the upcoming separation from school (2) in a new way look at imperceptibly matured (3) classmates (4) trying to see only the good in them.

15. Leonid Leonov (1) being a classic of Russian literature of the 20th century (2) was a tireless defender of the Russian forest (3) called by him (4) "green friend".

16. Sparrow (1) unexpectedly taking off (2) disappeared into the bright greenery of the garden (3) transparently through (4) against the evening sky.

17. The steppe air (1) filled with a thousand different bird whistles (2) was hot, and hawks (3) stood motionless in the high sky, spreading their wings (4) and motionlessly fixing their eyes on the grass ...

18. Low smoky clouds (3) gradually vanishing (4) in the blue rushed smoothly across the clear sky (1) without covering the sun (2).

19. Among the eccentrics (1) who lived in Moscow in Griboedov's times (2) was a man (3) described in the comedy "Woe from Wit" under the name (4) of Maxim Petrovich.

20. The road (1) turning to the right (2) went through a huge field (3) sown with spring crops (4) and went deep into the forest.

21. A damp cold wind blew from the sea (1) spreading across the steppe (2) the thoughtful melody of a splash (3) of a wave running ashore.

22. The ducks (1) frightened by the sudden appearance of the hunters (2) rose noisily and (3) tumbling in the air (4) slowly and heavily flew away.

23. One can only bow before the genius of Marina Tsvetaeva (1) who created a completely unique poetic world (2) and (3) who firmly believed (4) in her muse.

24. There are countless virtuoso masters in the world (1) artistically mastering (2) drawing, painting, composition and (3) creating (4) magnificent canvases.

25. In front of us lay the Koishauri valley (1) crossed, like by two silver threads, the Aragva and another river (2) and (3) running away into the neighboring gorges from the warm rays of the sun (4) a bluish fog slid over it.

26. A magnificent view opened before us: the river winds (1) dimly blue through the foggy distance (2) through watery-green meadows, and a person (3) embraced by the bright breath of spring (4) grows stronger, breathes more freely, more joyfully in his soul .

27. Created by Block (1)" scary world» The city and its Stranger (2) frightening (3) and irresistibly attracting (4) suppress the poet.

28. And an hour later both were sitting at a shaky table (1) and (2) resting their heads against each other (3) reading a long list of jewels (4) that once belonged to Ippolit Matveyevich's mother-in-law.

29. We crossed the river on an unsteady raft (1) made of three logs tied together (2) and went to the right (3) keeping (4) closer to the shore.

30. The pond (2) formed on the river (1) diagonally crossing the Abramtsevo estate (3) was the natural boundary of the courtyard with outbuildings and the park (4) stretching southeast of the estate house.