Indonesian dictionary. Hitchhiking Russian-Indonesian phrasebook with errors. Useful knowledge of English

For Europeans, the Indonesian language, which does not include tone changes and is written in Latin, is certainly one of the most accessible languages ​​for perception. South-East Asia.

Locals rarely speak English, even in tourist areas like Bali, so learning a few basic phrases in Indonesian can be very useful for any visitor to the country.

Elderly and especially respected men in Indonesia are addressed by adding "pak" (master) to the name, and "bu" (mistress) to women.

Indonesian language

What is the language in Indonesia?

The main language of communication on the islands of Bali, Java and other islands is Indonesian. The language of Indonesia was formed in the first half of the last century on the basis of Malay. It belongs to the western group of Malayo-Polynesian languages. About twenty million inhabitants freely use the language of Indonesia in communication. In total, it is spoken by more than two hundred million people.

The Indonesian alphabet consists of 23 Latin letters.

A distinctive feature of the language is not pronounced stress. In fact, the language of Indonesia suggests that all syllables are stressed. For this reason, all vowel sounds are pronounced without contraction (not reduced).

Today official language Indonesia is studied in such universities as Moscow State University and MGIMO. Before traveling to the islands, tourists can pass short course from teachers of the universities mentioned above. Many note that the official language in Indonesia is quite understandable, and you can learn the basics in a few lessons.

According to the Constitution of 1945, the state language of Indonesia was declared Indonesian (until 1928 it was called Malay) - Bahasa Indonesia [Bahasa Indonesia]. The rules of reading are wonderful: as it is written, so it is heard.
The only peculiarity: many Indonesians, when writing quickly (on facebook, twitter, etc.), skip the letter A, because it occurs too often in words. So don't be surprised if you see sy instead of saya (pronoun "I") or Selmt pgi! instead of Selamat pagi! (Good morning!)
The stress is not expressed, the words are pronounced with the same stress on each syllable. Vowels are almost never reduced. The sounds [j], [h], [th] are denoted by the letters j, c, y. The combination ng stands for the sound [ŋ].

Common phrases
Selamat pagi! - Good morning!
Selamat sore! - Good afternoon!
Selamat malam! - Good evening!
Selamat tiddur! - Goodnight!
Selamat tinggal! - Happy staying!
Selamat jalan! - Have a good trip!
Selamat datang - Welcome
Ya - yes
Tidak - No
Maafkan saya... - Excuse me...
Saya (tidak) faham… - I (don't) understand
Apa nama awak? - What is your name?
Nama saya… - My name is…
Ini alamat saya - Here is my address
Saya dari… - I am from…
Saya tinggal di… - I live in…
Terima kasih! - Thanks
Long! - Help me please
Apah khabar? - How are you?
Silakan masuk! - Please come in!
Silakan duduk! - Please, sit down!
(Saya) mau ini - I want it
(Saya) mau itu - I want that
(Saya) mau makan - I'm hungry
(Saya) mau minum - I'm thirsty
(Saya) mau tiddur - I want to sleep
Saya) mau... - I want...
(Saya) mai pergi ke... - I want to go to...
(Saya) mau beli ini/itu - I want to buy this/that
Berapa harganya? - How much is it?
Ini terlalu mahal - It's too expensive
Cantik - Great
Senang berkenalan dengan anda - Pleased to meet you
Di mana kamar kecil? - Where is the toilet?
Saya (tidak) suka... - I (dis)like...
Penting! - It is important!
Betul - Of course
Apa pendapat anda? - What do you think?
Mau ke mana? - Where are you going?
Saya sudah kahwin - I'm married
Saya belum kahwin - I'm single (single)
Dari mana asal saudara? - What country are you from?
Di mana kantor pos? - Where's the post office?
Kapan datang di sini? - When did you come here?
Ada - yes
Tidak apa - No (out of stock)
Khabar baik - Good

Questions
Apa? - What?
Apaini? - What is it?
Apa itu? - Something?
Siapa? - Who?
Siapa ini? - Who is it?
Kapan? - When?
Mana? Di mana? - Where?
Dari mana? - Where?
Ke mana? - Where?
Yangman? - Which?
Bagaiman? - How?
berapa? - How much?
Jam berapa? - What time is it now?

Directions
Sini - Here
Situ - There
Sana - Over there
Dari sini - From here
Dari sana - From there
Ke sini - Here
Ke sana - There
Di atas - On, over
Di luar - Outside
Di dalam - Inside
Ke dalam - Inside, in
Ke bawah - Under
Dari dalam - From within

Numbers
Zero - Nol
One - Satu
Two - Dua
Three - Tiga
Four - Empat
Five - Lima
Six - Enam
Seven - Tujuh
Eight - Delapan
Nine - Sembilan
Ten - Sepulah

Pronouns
I am hamba, saya (formal), aku (informal)
you - anda, saudara (officially), kamu (informally)
he is dia, ia, beliau
she is dia
it is dia
we are kami (not including the listener), kita (including the listener)
you are saudara-saudara, saudara sekalian
they are mereka

The role of possessive pronouns is played by enclitics (suffixes):
Mine (officially) is … saya;
Mine (informally) is …ku/…aku;
Yours (officially) - …Anda/Saudara;
Yours (informally) - …kamu/…mu;
His/her - …dia; nya;
Their - ... mereka;

Example:
my food is makanan saya, makananku
your food is makanan Anda, makananmu
his/her food - makanan dia
their food is makanan mereka
Rumahku is my home
rumahmu is your home
rumahnya - his, her house.

The Indonesian language has an interesting feature - reduplication - the repetition of the entire word or the first syllable. There is a reduplication with changes (for example, one vowel changes) and with the addition of affixes:
mata (eye) - matamata (spy)
laki (male) - lelaki (male)
rumah (house) - rumahrumah (house layout)
anak (child) - anakanak (childish)
abu (ash) - abuabu (grey)
barat (west) - kebarat-baratan (western)
gunung (mountain) - gunung-gemunung (mountain country)

During the trip to Indonesia, I picked up a few phrases and words that I want to write down so as not to be forgotten. Some of the words can be found in Lonely Planet’e, some in some Anlo-Malay / Anlo-Indonesian phrase book, and the part regarding free travel I have not seen anywhere, because they are not popular. So:

Indonesian is a relative of Malay. His, so to speak, parent. It was brought to Malaysia by the Sumatran empire of Srivajaya, which at one time ruled almost the entire territory of Southeast Asia. By the way, those who remember the shape of the roofs of the temples in Ayutthaya, the ancient Thai capital, will make an interesting observation for themselves, looking at the traditional Dayak buildings in Sumatra. So, the Indonesian language is as simple as a stool, because it is devoid of such conventions as tenses, genders, declensions and other conjugations. At the same time, it contains a lot of Arabic words brought with Islam, so that people who, at the very least, own some Turkic(like me in Kazakh), or the language of some other Muslim country, many matches will be found, such as “Kal kalay?” (it has nothing to do with the process of defecation :), “Salam alaikum!” etc. The language is easy to learn, because, unlike other Southeast Asian languages, it is devoid of stupid tones, so no matter how you pronounce a word, it will be recognized sooner or later. Everything recorded was collected from memory, despite the fact that my memory is far from the best, which once again confirms the ease of the language. Yes, and immersion in an environment in which, without this language, you will have to feel like a dumb white monkey, also plays its role.

Despite the fact that there are an unmeasured number of languages ​​​​on the territory of Indonesia, as well as nationalities, everyone speaks Bahasa Indonesia. Sometimes, but extremely rarely, there are people who speak very little English. Although it is worth noting that during the three weeks of my stay in Sumatra I did meet two Indonesians who spoke English quite well and fluently.

The letter "i", which I have used several times, is pronounced as a cross between "Y" and "I", "Ә" is pronounced as a mixture of "A" and "I".

Greeting, farewell

good morning - selamat pagi
good afternoon - selamat sian
Good evening - selamat sori
Good night - selamat malam
Goodbye (to those who remain) - Selamat tinggal
Goodbye (to those who are leaving) - Selamat zhalan
Thank you (big) - Terima kasi (banyak)

Hitchhiking questions

Where are you going? – mahu perg mana?
Where? - Dimana?
May I go with you? “More sai pyrgi, yourself?”
Can I sleep here? “Bole saya tedur disini?”
I have no money - Saya wan ad tidak.
I have some money - Saya uan ada sidikit-sidikit
Free - Gratis

The most important

Yes - Ia - Iə (for those who know Kazakh letters:)
No - Tidak
I don't understand - Tidak paham
I don't know - Tidak tahu

Pronouns

I am Caya
You are Anda
He/she is Dia

First questions

What is your name? – Anda apa usa?
What country are you from? “Anda apa negara?”
How many days are you in Indonesia? – Anda birapa ari di Indonesia?

Geography

Mountain (volcano) - Gunun
Hill – Bukit
River - Sungai
Lake – Danau
Crossroads - Simpan
City - Kota

Description of self

I am from ... - Saya dari ...
I'm going to ... - Saya mahu ky ...
My name is Namy saya...
My age - Saya died ...
I Like (Indonesian Women) - Saya Suka (Chevek Indonesia)
I speak some Indonesian - Saya bisa bahasa indonesia sidikit-sidikit.
I don’t speak Indonesian – Saya tidak paham bahasa indonesia’
I am learning Indonesian – Saya beljar bahasa indonesia

Numbers

1 - satu
2 - dua
3 - tiga
4 - empet
5 - lima
6 - enam
7 - tujukh
8 - lapan
9 - sembilan
10 - sepulukh
11 - sebelas
12 - duabelas
20 - duapulukh
well, in the same vein.
100 - ratus
1000 - ribu

Transport

What's the fare)? - Birapa kharga? In principle, it is not necessary to indicate, you can get by with one “birapa?”
Expensive - Mahal!
Where? - Dimana?
Far away - Jauh
Close to Decat
Straight - Terus
Road (to…) – Jalan (ky…)

Anything

Cigarettes - rock
It's hot - panas
Dry - Ujan
To know (to know) - Tahu
Say - Berkata
Now - Sekara
Wash / toilet / bathroom - Mandi
Day - Ari
Year - Tahu

Food

Food - Macan
Rice (boiled) - Nasi (pute)
Chicken - Ayam
Fish - Icahn
Pig - Babi
Greens - Cancun
Egg - Telur
Water (drinking) - Air (minimum) (it means bottled, for which they will ask for money)
Boiled water - Air pute (boiled water, which you can always ask for in a roadside eatery)
Noodles - Mi
Fried - goren
Banana - Pisan
Coconut - Kepala
Sweet – Manis
Kazinaki – Kepan kachan
Cookies/buns/bread – Roti
Tea - Te[x]
Coffee (with milk) – Kopi (susu)
How much does (food) cost? – Birapa onkos?

Perhaps I made a mistake somewhere. In any case, without communicating with the locals, you can learn all this, but it will be long and uninteresting, while in practice this is an entertaining activity that develops hearing, imagination and intuition.

P.S. Most of these words can be used in Malaysia, but for example, greetings sound different from lunch, i.e. “selamat pagi” and “selamat malam” remain, but “selamat sian” changes to “selamat petan”. Although in Malaysia, almost everyone speaks English, so it's not that important.

© Kirill Belotserkovsky

It is necessary to learn the Balinese language or not - everyone decides for himself. You can get by with Indonesian. But it is useful to know at least elementary phrases in the language of the inhabitants of Bali, if you already ended up there, and to know how and in what situation to apply them. I have attempted to collect the materials available to me on the Balinese language, not in order to write a textbook, but to compile a somewhat systematic collection of grammatical explanations on the use of spoken Balinese. That is why its sections are called chapters, not "lessons". They are still far from school. In fact, these are just sketches, notes that can be used to study the Balinese language. Criticism and comments are welcome in the comments.
Since the text is large and not swallowed LJ, I post it in three parts.

BASICS OF SPOKEN BALI
(Ivan Zakharchenko)

INTRODUCTION
The Balinese language, that is, which is still spoken on the island of Bali and Lombok, is complicated by the fact that there are several so-called "levels", that is, separate variants of speech, each of which is used depending on the position of the speaker and on what to whom he is addressing.
There is nothing new in this. A similar situation is observed in Japanese or Korean, when in the right situation it is necessary to use only those and not other expressions and words so as not to offend the interlocutor, whose position is higher. He, for his part, can address the subordinate in a simpler, rude or familiar form.
In Balinese, the differences between speech levels are very strong, and different levels can even be mistaken for different languages.
It is impossible to address someone in Balinese without determining the status of the interlocutor. Therefore, strangers in Bali begin their conversation with a direct question:
Nunas antuk linggih? (Your position?)".
The answers might be:
Tiang anak jaba. (I am a commoner).
Tiangmenak. (I am from the middle and high castes - menak).
Depending on this, the speaker will choose the speech that he should use - kasar(low, coarse) or alus(sublime, pure level).
There are even more "levels" in the Balinese language, for example basa alus singgih("pure form") used by a person from a lower caste or casteless environment about a person from a high caste, basa alus sor("self-deprecating form") used by a person from a lower caste or casteless environment, talking about himself with a person from a high caste, and so on. But not every level has a full correspondence in the other, and the difference is observed mainly in the use of vocabulary, that is, words.
Such linguistic differences appeared in Balinese mainly under Javanese influence - they did not exist before, although they still do not exist in some mountain dialects of the northern and central parts of the island. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, when Bali was under the rule of the Majapahit empire centered on the island of Java, words from Javanese and Sanskrit began to infiltrate the spoken Balinese in the speech of the aristocracy, forming the language of the upper class of society.
For example, the word haksi"look" comes from Sanskrit aksi"eyes".
The conversation of common people in Bali, however, remained the same, but it is they who must address the upper caste not in their own language, but in a high one, in order to show respect. On the contrary, it was appropriate for the elite to talk to ordinary people in a rough, "village" language. Here is what the Mexican artist Miguel Covarrubias, who lived in Bali for a long time, wrote about this: "It is ridiculous to always hear how an educated noble person speaks in a rough, guttural language of the lower level, when, as a simple peasant, he should address him in pure Balinese of a high level" .
Their morphology and grammar are the same, but they use different words.
In modern Balinese society, the system of "levels" is undergoing changes with the spread of education. There is a tendency for residents of the island with different positions to express mutual respect. The elite no longer want to speak the language of the common people and will address them in a high language, as well as with people of their own circle. The Indonesian language is often woven into the communication of the Balinese.
In my opinion, the terms "high" and "low" level are not very suitable in order to correctly understand what we are talking about. I would suggest using the terms respectful speech, courteous-polite and familiar, already available in linguistics.
For example, a respectful form of greeting in Bali:
Om Swastiastu(read with emphasis on the last syllable " Om, Swastiastu").
In Sanskrit, “Om” means an appeal to the Almighty, “Svasti” means “all living beings”, and “astu” means “peace”. That is, the Balinese politely greet each other with a wish for peace in Sanskrit.
In a courteous speech, the Balinese say when greeting:
"How are you doing?" - Sapunapi? (as in most cases it is pronounced with the accent on the last syllable "Sapunapi?") or Napi ortine? (Napi ortine?) and also Sapunapi ortine? (Sapunapi ortine?).
The answer will be the duty phrase Becik-becik (Betik-betik), that is, "good, good."
In familiar speech, they greet with the phrase "How are you? How are you?", Which sounds like Kenken? (emphasis on both syllables "Kenken?") or Kenken kabare? They answer like this:
Normal, Healthy. Luung. (Luun).
Normally. Bias doggen. (Biasa dogen).
However, the role of greeting can be replaced by a simple question: "Where are you going?" (Jagi kija? - Dyagi kidya?).
But the words "Thank you!" Balinese just don't. In respectful speech, they say Matur suksma, but this is a translation from the Indonesian Terima kasih. In ordinary speech, they say Terima kasih. Instead of please, the phrase "Nothing, it's not worth it!" is used. Sami-sami (polite speech) and Sareng-sareng (familiar speech).

Now for the sounds.
a pronounced like Russian [a], but in some cases similar to [e]
e corresponds to Russian [e]
i pronounced like Russian [i], but sometimes as a short [e], for example: Inggih "yes"
about coincides with Russian [o]
u corresponds to Russian [y]

Consonants b and d correspond to Russian [b] and [d], but are practically unpronounceable in the middle of words after other consonants: gendis [gen-is] "sugar", gambelan [gam-elan] "gamelan" (musical instrument).
with corresponds to soft Russian [h], more often more like [t], for example cicing [titin] "dog"
j voiced consonant similar to [d], for example in kija [kidya], although transcription [j] is acceptable
g corresponds to Russian [r]
h weak [x], practically not pronounced in many cases
k pronounced like the Russian sound [k], but at the end of words it is not pronounced completely, being limited only to the glottal stop, as, for example, in Korean.
r pronounced clearly like Russian [р]
ng nasal sound, absent in Russian, similar to English ng
ny corresponds to soft [n]

Chapter 1

In Balinese, the verb "to be", "to be" in nominal sentences is omitted, as in Russian. However, the word "this" has several variants. It all depends on where it "it" is located - with you, with the interlocutor or aside, well, and on the degree of politeness (level) of speech.
So, if you are pointing to an object that is near you, then the pronoun "it" will be niki in polite-polite speech and ene in familiar communication. If the object is at your interlocutor, aside or far away, the polite “it” will be nika, and between close people the pronoun ento is used. Simply put, one must clearly distinguish between the pronouns "this" and "that" in the Balinese language.

This, this, this (1st person) niki ene
That, that, that (2nd and 3rd person) nika ento

For example:
This is a book. Nikibuku. Ene buku.

But if these words are interchanged, then you get "this book."

Polite speech Familiar speech

this book is buku niki buku ene
that book buku nika buku ento

The interrogative pronoun "what" in Balinese looks like napi in courteous-polite speech and apa in familiar speech.
For example:

What is this (here)? Napi niki? Apaene?
What is it (there you have or over there)? Napi nika? Apa ento?

More examples:

What's that book? (What book?) Buku napi?
The book is in Balinese. Buku basa Bali.
This book is in Balinese. Niki buku basa Bali.
That book over there - what book? Buku nika buku napi?

Negation in polite-polite speech in the meaning of "not to be" is expressed by the word n e nten with stress on the first syllable for both animate and inanimate objects:

There is not a book in Balinese. Niki nenten buku basa Bali.
That's not tea. Nika nenten tech.

The pronoun "too" is expressed by the word taler, which follows the word or phrase to which it refers.
That book is also in Balinese. Nika buku basa Bali taler.

Chapter 2. PRONOUNS
Balinese personal pronouns differ between familiar and polite speech. It is important to remember this difference so as not to make an unpleasant impression and offend the interlocutor.

Pronoun Familiar speech Courteous-polite
I'm icang tiang, titiang ( official uniform)
we i raga-
you / you cai / nyai ragane / jerone / ratu
he/she ia dane/ida (about a person from the highest caste)
ipun ( about a person from a lower caste)

If the person's name is known, it is best to always use it instead of personal pronouns in polite speech.
The name in this case is followed by the title:
For respected men - bapak
For high-class women - ibu
For men on an equal footing - beli
For close acquaintances of women - mbok
When referring to younger or relatives - cening

When referring to a multitude of people, the word sami "gentlemen" is used, we in the sense of "me and the rest" - titiang sareng sami. In familiar speech, "gentlemen" is mekejang, and "we" is i raga ajak mekejang.

I am also a student. Tiang mahasiswa taler.
I'm not a student. Tiang nenten mahasiswa.
He is also Japanese. Ipun anak Jepang taler.

Pronouns of place
Courteous-polite speech ring dija driki drika
Familiar speech dija dini ditu
"where" "here" "there"

Emphasis ending -e/-ne
In Russian, there is no analogue to this ending, which in Balinese is attached to nouns in order to focus attention on them. That is, if we say bui nasak, it means "ripe banana", and if we add -ne to the word "banana" buine nasak, then we get "This banana is ripe" or "And the banana is ripe."

This coffee is hot. Kopine panes.
Is this coffee hot? Kopine panes?

AT English language when translated from Balinese, the ending -e/-ne corresponds to the article the, indicating that we are talking about this particular object of the story.

nasi - rice nasine　- this rice
Redite - Sunday Reditene　- this is Sunday

At the same time, this ending is also attached to pronouns, which gives them an attractive meaning, that is, "I am mine", "you are yours", "he is his", etc. For example:

tas tiangé my briefcase
tas ipune　 his briefcase
This is my portfolio. Niki tas tiange.

If the noun whose ownership is to be indicated ends in a vowel, then it is combined with the pronoun in the possessive form through the suffix -n-:

bapa-n tiange　 my father
bapa-n ipune　 his father
bapa-n ragane　 your father

aji-n-idane　 his father
aji-n-ratune　 your father
nasi-n-bapane　 father's rice

If the ending is attached to a noun without a pronoun, then it means that it belongs to a third person, for example:
There's his papaya. Nika gedangne.

Chapter 3. ADJECTIVES AND THEIR FORMS

Adjectives in the Balinese language, unlike Russian, follow not before, but after the noun being defined.

Lively market. Pasar frame. (Literally: Busy market).
This market is busy. Pasar niki frame. (Literally: This busy market)

Strengthening the meaning of the adjective is conveyed by the adverbs pisan "very", banget "too" and kelintang "absolutely":

The market here is very busy. Ramé pisan pasar deriki. (Literally: Busy very market here)
That mango is delicious. Pohe nika manis pisan. (Literally: Mango is very tasty)
That briefcase is very heavy. Tase nika baat pisan. (Literally: That briefcase is very heavy)

The superlative degree of the adjective, that is, the meaning "most", is conveyed with the help of the adverb pinih. For example:

This is the busiest market in the area. Niki wantah pasar sane pinih rame deriki.
This temple is the largest in Bali. Pura puniki pinih ageng ring Bali.
It's the hottest there. Kebus pisan derika.

But sometimes the Indonesian word paling "most" is used:

Familiar speech melah paling melah
Polite speech becik paling becik
"good" "best"

Suffix -an/-nan

With this suffix -an after a consonant and -nan after a vowel, qualitative adverbs are formed from adjectives that convey a comparative meaning together with the prepositions saking or ring. That is, -an/-nan saking and -an/-nan ring attached to adjectives will mean "more... than".

Familiar speech melah melahan
Polite speech becik becikan
"good" "better"

Familiar speech jegeg jegegan
Polite speech ayu ayuan
"beautiful" "more beautiful"

Familiar speech gede gedenan
courteous-polite speech ageng agengan
"big bigger"

Familiar speech cerik cerikan
Polite speech alit alitan
"small" "smaller"

Polite speech:
It's cooler there than here. Derika dayuhan saking deriki.
Food is cheaper here than in the city. Ajeng-ajengan deriki murahan saking kota.
I'm older than Made. Tiang duuran saking (or ring) Made.
This mango is sweeter than that one. Pohe sane niki manisan saking (or ring) sane nika.

More thunder, less rain.( proverb) Liunan krebeg, kuangan ujan.

DIALOG ( courteous speech):

Things are very cheap here. Adol-adol deriki murah pisan.
The food here is cheaper than in the city. Ajeng-ajengan deriki murahan saking kota.
Everything in the city is not cheap. Ring kota sami nenten wenten sane murah.
Probably because there are a lot of buyers. Akehan sane numbas minab.
Apparently so. Minab asapunika.
If it were expensive here, there would be no Wantah nenten murah nenten
buyers. wenten sane numbas deriki.
Probably. Patut pisan.

What breed is this dog? Asu napi niki?
This dog is Kintamani. Niki asu Kintamani.
Right from Kintamani. Nggih (read as [nyy]), saking Kintamani.
Oh, from afar. Bih (read as [ would]), doh pisan.
No. Not from Kintamani. Nenten. Kintamani nenten doh.

Chapter 4. VERBS

Verbs represent the greatest difficulty in learning the Balinese language due to the variety of formations - voices, suffixes and endings. One and the same action can be expressed in both active and passive voice.
At the same time, verbs do not change according to the time of the action, which becomes clear from the context and additional words that tell when the action was or will be performed.
New narrative objects are represented by the verbs ada in familiar speech and wenten in courteous-polite speech.

Competition at school. Ada perlombaan di sekolah (There is a competition at school).
There is a dog that ate chicken. Ada cicing ngamah siap. (Eat the dog to eat the chicken).

Do you have a room Wenten Kamar?
There is. Wenten.

Ada biu dini? Are there bananas here? (Familiar speech)
Wenten pisang deriki? Are there bananas here? (polite speech)
Ada kopi panes? Got hot coffee?
Inggih, ada! Yes, I have.
Meme ada jaja ane jaen. Mom has cakes that are delicious.

Possibility is conveyed by the word dados in courteous-polite speech and dadi in familiar speech.

Can I see? Dados cingak? (Got to watch?)
Can. Dados. (Get).
Can not see. tusing dadi tengap.

Where does Wayang live? Ring dija I Wayang?
He is on this street now. Ia mangkin ring kota.
Where are you going? Jagi kija?
I'm going to the market. Tiang jagi ka pasar.
I cut the mango with a knife. Tiang ngetep poh antuk tiuk.
I arrived from Japan. Tiang saking Jepang.
Who plans to teach him? Sira jagi ngajah ipun?

Direction pronouns
Courteous-polite (jagi) kija? mriki mrika
Familiar kija? Mai-kema
"where?" "here" "there"

Dialogue 1:
A: Where are you going? Jagi kija?
B: I'm going to the market. Tiang jagi ka pasar.
A: Where to market? Pasar ring dija?
B: Back to the market. Pasar derika.
A: Why don't you go to this one? Punapi nenten ka pasar deriki?

Dialogue 2:
A: I have Made now. I Made mangkin sareng titiang.
B: When did you come? Sane pidan ipun meriki?
A: Yesterday. Sane ibi.
He's doing Balinese here. Ipun jagi melajah Basa Bali deriki.
B: When are you going to Sane pidan malih ka desa? (desa - stress on the first syllable)
village?
A: Going there on Sunday for Titiang jagi merika Redite jagi rauh.
next week.
B: And your wife? Punapi rabine?
A: She won't go. Ipun nenten merika malih. (lit.: She's not going there yet).

Prepositions:

Meaning Courteous-polite speech Familiar speech
in (direction) ka ka
from, from saking uli
with (together with) sareng ajak / ngajak
instrumental antuk aji

I (go) to Kuta. Tiang ring Kuta.
I am from Japan. Tiang saking Jepang.
Where are you from? Saking napi? (polite speech)
Uli dija? (Familiar speech)

The words (in brackets - familiar speech):
wenten (ada) - to be, to be
dados (dadi) - to succeed, to be possible
cingakin (tepukin) - to see, to look
seneng (demen) - to like, to love
pacang, jagi (lakar) - to want, to gather
rauh (teka) - to come, to arrive
uning (tawang) - to know

Chapter 5. TRANSITIVE VERBS
Transitive verbs denote an action performed by someone in relation to some object. For example, in Russian, "build" (house) is a transitive verb, and "walk" is an intransitive one. In other words, the action of the verb passes to the object to which it is directed, from which the name "transitive" is taken.
In Balinese, for example, transitive verbs are formed by nasalization of the first sound of the stem of the verb, that is, replacing, for example, h with a nasal sound ng or b with m. A verb in the indefinite form will denote an action in a general sense without mentioning the object, say, in orders.
So, in familiar speech, haba means "take it!". This is an intransitive verb denoting an action in itself, not in relation to some object or person to which it is directed. If you need to say I "take" or "he takes" something specific, then haba turns into ngaba due to nasalization.
In courteous-polite speech, the indefinite form of "take" is bakta, and the transitive verb from it is makta.
Transitive verbs can also be based on nouns and adverbs. For example, in familiar speech, hejoh "far away" becomes ngejoh "far from anything" with the help of nasalization.

Consider the use of a transitive and non-transitive verb in Balinese using the following example:

I have it. Tiang ngamel niki. (I have it) is a transitive verb.
Here, take it. gamel. (Own!) is an intransitive verb, since the subject itself is not indicated.

When sounds are nasalized in transitive verbs, the initial back-palatal consonants k, g, h become ng. The lip sound m becomes b, and vice versa p becomes m. Dental consonants j, c, s change to ny [ny], stop d and t become n. Verbs beginning with l or r are nasalized with the prefix nga-.

h-ng
k-ng
g-ng
m-b
p-m
j-ny
c-ny
s-ny
d - n
t - n
l-ngal
r-ngar

Here are a few of the most common transitive verbs (basics are given in parentheses):

Familiar speech Courteous-polite speech Meaning

ngaba (haba) makta (bakta) to carry, bring, take away
ngamaling (hamaling) - steal, steal
ngalih (halih) ngarereh (rereh) search
ngidih (hidih) nunas (tunas) to ask, demand
nyemak (jemak) ngambil (hambil) to take, carry away
nyilih (silih) nyelang (selang) to borrow
nyewa (sewa) - to borrow, to rent
ngadep (hadep) ngadol (hadol) to sell
mayah (bayah) nahur (tahur) pay
meli (beli) numbas (tumbas) buy
ningeh (dingeh) mireng (pireng), miragi (piragi)
nganggo (hanggo), nyaluk (saluk) ngangge (hangge) to put on, put on, wear
ngejang (hejang) ngenahang (kenahang) to put, put
ngumbah (humbah) - to wash
nuduk (duduk) ngambil (hambil) to collect, pick up
ngutang (kutang) - throw away
nerima (terima), nampi (tampi) molih (polih) receive, receive
nyogok (sogok) - push, push
ngatat (hatat) ngedeng (kendeng) pull
ngancing (kancing) - to lock
ngetep (getep) - cut
negul (tegul) ngiket (hiket) bind
ngedum (hedum), ngepah (hepah) magi (bagi) to share
ngisi (gisi), ngemel (gemel) ngamel (gamel) grab, catch
ngusud (husud) - to touch
nyikat (sikat) - to clean, scrape
nyabat (sabat) - give up, refuse
ngabut (habut) - to take out, pull out
nyagur (jagur) - to beat, hit
nebek (tebek), nusuk (tusuk) nuhek (tuhek) pierce, harpoon
mancing (pancing) - to fish
madahar ngajeng (hajeng), nunas (tunas) eat, eat
ningalin (tingal), nolih (tolih) nyingak (cingak), ngaksi (haksi) see, look
nepuk (depuk), manggihin (panggihin) - notice, open, see
ngelung (helung) - to smash, tear, break
ngahe (gahe) ngaryanin (karya) do
malajah (palajah) - to study
maca (baca, waca) ngawacen read
tulis (tulis) nyurat (surat) to write
ngajahin (hajah) - teach, explain
sahut (nyahut) nyahur (sahur) answer
nakon (takon) naken (taken) ask
ngomong (omong), ngandika (handika),
ngaraos (rahos) matur (hatur) to speak
ngateh (hateh) - to see off
nganti (hanti) ngantos (hantos) wait
nulung (tulung) - help, save
nyakan (jakan) ngarateng (rateng) to cook rice, food

Examples in familiar speech:
I want to sell a pig. Iang dot ng-adep celeng. (I want to sell a pig).
Iang dot celeng adep. (I want to sell a pig).
I want a doctor to see me. Iang dot periksa dokter. (I want to see a doctor).
The dog ate the rice. Nasi amah cicing. (Rice has a dog).
Amah cicing nasi. (There is a dog figure).
The dog ate this rice. Amah cicing nasi-ne. (There is a dog pic something).
The police were looking for him. Ia alih polisi (He is looking for the police).
This policeman was looking for him. Ia alih polisi-ne. (He look for a policeman somewhere).
I've already seen him. Ia tingalin iang/cai busan. (He see him/her already).

Polite speech:
She sold the pig. Bawi adol ida. (Pig sell he/she)
Ida ng-adol bawi. (He/she sell the pig)

Russian-Indonesian phrasebook! Bahas phrasebook!

Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is one of the Austronesian languages.
Official language(since 1945) and the language of interethnic communication in Indonesia.
About 20 million people use it in everyday communication.
The total number of those who speak the language to one degree or another is about 200 million. There are no dialects.

Other words and expressions:

Pin Russian Pronunciation
Basic words of Oinarrizko hitzak

Yes - bai
No - es
Thank you, thank you very much - eskerrik asko
Please - es orregatic
Please - mesedes, arren
Sorry - barcaidasu
Hello - kaiho
Goodbye - agur
Bye - hero arte
good morning - egun he
Good afternoon - arratsalde he
Good evening - arratsalde he
good night - gabon
I don't understand - es du ulertsen
Do you speak…? - its egiten al dusu...?
English - Ingeleses
French - frencheses
Spanish - Gasteleras
I am neither
We are gu
You and
You are su
You are a bitch
They are aiek
What is your name? - sein da sure isena?
Very nice - posten naw soo esagutseak
Good - ongi
Bad - gays
wife - emaste
Husband - senar
Daughter - Alaba
Son - seme
Mother - ama
Father - Aita
Friend - lagoon
Numbers - Senbakiak
Zero - uts, gray
One - baht
Two - bi
Three - iru
Four - lau
Five - boss
Six - sei
Seven - saspi
Eight - sortsi
Nine - Bederatsi
Ten - amar
Twenty - ogei
Thirty - ogeita amar
Forty - berrogei
Fifty - berrogheita amar
Hundred-eun
Thousand - miya
Million - miyoi baht

Shops, restaurants Erosketetan, afaltsen

How much is it? - Senbat balio du onek?
What it is? - Sir yes ay?
I will buy it - Eroshi egingo dut
Do you have ... - Ba al dusue ... - (r) ik
Open - irikia
Closed - itchita
Little, little - pittin bat
Many - asko
Everything is denak

Breakfast - gosari
Lunch - bascari
Dinner - afari
Bread - ogi
Drink - edari
Coffee - akeita
Tea - te
Juice - bitch
Water - ur
Wine - ardo
Sol - gats
Meat - aragi
Pepper - piper
Vegetables - lamb
Fruit - igali
Dessert - postre
Ice cream - isoski

Tourism - Bidaya

Where…? - non dago...?
How much does the ticket cost? - senbat balio du bidaiak?
Ticket - thartel
Train - tren
Bus - bus
Metro - metro
Airport - airport
Station - trengeltoks
Bus station - bus geltoki
Departure - irteera
Arrival - etorrera
Car rental - berebilak alokatseko ahentsia
Parking lot - aparkalekua
Hotel, hotel - stay
Room - Gela
Reservation - erreserba
Passport - passport
How to get there - Susenbideak
Left - Esker
Right - Escuin
Straight - Susen
Up - Mountain
Down - Beera
Far away - Urruti
Close to Hertha
Map - Mapa

Public areas, attractions Tokyo

Mail - Postethe
Museum - museo
Bank - Banquet
Police - ertsaintsa
Hospital - erytethe
Pharmacy - Botica
Store - denda
Restaurant - Hatethe
School - ikastethe
Church - Elisa
Toilet - komunak
Street - kaye (kale)
Area - enparantsa
Ocean - oceano
Lake - aintsira
River - ibai
Swimming pool - igerileku
Bridge - subi

Dates and times Ordua eta datak

What time is it now? - Se horde yes?
Day - egun
Week - aste
Month - ilabete (iyabete)
Year - urte
Monday - astelene
Tuesday - asterte
Wednesday - asteasken
Thursday - Ostegun
Friday - washed
Saturday - larunbat
Sunday - igande
January - urtarriya
February - otsaiya
March - marthoa
April - Apiriya
May - maiatsa
June - ecaina
July - ustaiya
August - abustua
September - iraiya
October - urria
November - asaroa
December - abendois
Spring - udaberry
Summer - oud
Autumn - udasken
Winter - bliss

Bahasa Russia – Bahasa Indonesia kamus
Hitchhiking Russian-Indonesian phrasebook

During the trip to Indonesia, I picked up a few phrases and words that I want to write down so as not to be forgotten.
Some of the words can be found in Lonely Planet "e, some in some Anlo-Malay / Anlo-Indonesian phrase book,
and the part concerning free travel is almost nowhere to be found, for they are not popular. So:
Indonesian is a relative of Malay. His, so to speak, parent.
It was brought to Malaysia by the Sumatran empire of Srivajaya, which at one time ruled almost the entire territory of Southeast Asia.
By the way, whoever remembers the shape of the roofs of the temples in Ayutthaya, the ancient Thai capital, will make an interesting observation for himself, looking at the traditional
Dayak buildings in Sumatra. So, the Indonesian language is simple as a stool, because it is devoid of such conventions as tenses, childbirth,
declensions and other conjugations. At the same time, it contains a lot of Arabic words brought with Islam, so that people who, at the very least, own
some Turkic language (like I am Kazakh), or the language of any other Muslim country, they will find many coincidences,
such as "Kal kalay?" (it has nothing to do with the process of defecation :), “Salam alaikum!” etc.
The letter "i", which has been used many times, is pronounced as something in between, between "Y" and "I", "?" pronounced as a mixture of "A" and "I".

Greeting/farewell.

good morning - selamat pagi
good afternoon - selamat sian
Good evening - selamat sori
Good night - selamat malam
Goodbye (to those who remain) - Selamat tinggal
Goodbye (to those who are leaving) - Selamat zhalan
Thank you (big) - Terima kasi (banyak)

Hitchhiking questions.

Where are you going? - mahu pergi mana?
Where? - Dimana?
May I go with you? - More sai pyrgi, yourself?
Can I sleep here? - More saya tedur disini?
I have no money - Saya wan ad tidak.
I have some money - Saya uan ada sidikit-sidikit
Free - Gratis

Description of yourself.

I'm from... - Saya dari...
I'm going to ... - Saya mahu ky ...
My name is Namy saya...
My age is Saya is dead...
I like (Indonesian women) – Saya bitch? (chevek indonesia)
I speak some Indonesian - Saya bisa bahasa indonesia sidikit-sidikit.
I don't speak Indonesian - Saya tidak paham bahasa indonesia"
I am learning Indonesian – Saya beljar bahasa indonesia

First questions.

What is your name? – Anda apa usa?
What country are you from? “Anda apa negara?”
How many days are you in Indonesia? – Anda birapa ari di Indonesia?

Geography.

Mountain (volcano) - Gunun
Hill – Bukit
River - Sungai
Lake – Danau
Crossroads - Simpan
City - Kota

The most important.

Yes - Eeyore - And? (for those who know Kazakh letters:)
No - Tidak
I don't understand - Tidak paham
I don't know - Tidak tahu

Pronouns.

I am Caya
You are Anda
He/she is Dia

Numbers.

1 - satu
2 - dua
3 - tiga
4 - empet
5 - lima
6 - enam
7 - tujukh
8 - lapan
9 - sembilan
10 - sepulukh
11 - sebelas
12 - duabelas
20 - duapulukh
well, in the same vein.
100 - ratus
1000 - ribu

Transport.

What's the fare)? - Birapa kharga? In principle, it is not necessary to indicate, you can get by with one “birapa?”
Expensive - Mahal!
Where? - Dimana?
Far away - Jauh
Close to Decat
Straight - Turus
Road (in...) – Jalan (ky...)

Food.

Food - Macan
Rice (boiled) - Nasi (pute)
Chicken - Ayam
Fish - Icahn
Pig - Babi
Greens - Cancun
Egg - Telur
Water (drinking) - Air (minimum) (it means bottled, for which they will ask for money)
Boiled water - Air pute (boiled water, which you can always ask for in a roadside eatery)
Noodles - Mi
Fried - goren
Banana - Pisan
Coconut - Sapi
Sweet – Manis
Kazinaki – Kepan kachan
Cookies/buns/bread – Roti
Tea - Te[x]
Coffee (with milk) – Kopi (susu)

How much does (food) cost? – Birapa onkos?

Anything.

Cigarettes - rock
It's hot - panas
Dry - Ujan
To know (to know) - Tahu
Say - Berkata
Now - Sekara
Wash / toilet / bathroom - Mandi
Day - Ari
Year - Tahu