What is the tenth planet of the solar system. "Planet X" or "9th planet" of the solar system. Does it exist? Structure of the solar system
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A team of scientists led by Frank Bertholdi, an astronomer at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, concluded that the diameter of the object, UB313, also known as Xena, is 1,864 miles (just under 3,000 km), while Pluto's diameter is 1429 miles, which is 700 kilometers less.
"Because UB313 is so much larger than Pluto, it will become increasingly difficult to justify calling Pluto a planet unless UB313 is given the same status," says Frank Bertholdi, an astronomer at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, and a member of the team that covered UB313's size in Nature. this week.
Using the 30-meter IRAM radio telescope in Spain, Bertholdi's team examined the radio waves that UB313 emits, showing how much solar radiation it absorbs. Since very little reflected sunlight is emitted at this wavelength, the brightness of an object at radio waves depends only on its size and surface temperature.
Due to its great distance from the Sun, the temperature of UB313 is calculated to be very low, minus 248 degrees Celsius. Bertholdi and colleagues combined these estimates with UB313's emissivity, determining its reflectivity and size.
Although the error of the initial estimate of 3 thousand kilometers may be 400 kilometers, UB313 is still significantly larger than Pluto, whose diameter is 2.3 thousand kilometers, and is the largest celestial body discovered in the solar system since the discovery of Neptune in 1846.
This cosmic body, spotted last year by scientists at the American Institute of Technology, is located in the Kuiper asteroid belt, located beyond Neptune, Interfax reports.
It is located at twice the distance from the Sun than Pluto, which was previously considered the most outer planet our system.
The new planet, which was observed by astronomers in California and the Hawaiian Islands, so far has a temporary name 2003 UB313. It was discovered back in 2003, but only recently it was possible to confirm that this celestial body is a planet.
Since the discovery of Neptune in 1846, this planet has become the largest celestial body discovered by astronomers in the solar system, BBC science columnist David Whitehouse points out.
The planet consists mainly of rocks and ice. Astronomers believe that at some point in the planet's history, the gravitational influence of Neptune threw it into an orbit rotated 44 degrees to the plane of the ecliptic.
Found new planet Michael Brown of Caltech, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii, and David Rabinovich of Yale University. The planet was discovered using the Samuel Oschin telescope at the Palomar Observatory, as well as the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii.
"Spectral samples obtained at the Gemini Observatory are particularly interesting because they indicate that the surface of this planet is very similar to the surface of Pluto," - said Chad Trujillo.
The planet was first discovered on October 21, 2003, but its displacement relative to the stars was noticed only 15 months later, on January 8, 2005.
The researchers say they tried to locate the planet using the Spitzer Space Telescope, which detects infrared radiation, but couldn't find it.
Pluto may lose the title of "planet"
"Because UB313 is so much larger than Pluto, it will become increasingly difficult to justify calling Pluto a planet unless UB313 is given the same status," says Bertholdi.
Since 1992, more than a thousand similar, albeit smaller, objects have been discovered in the region of Pluto known as the Kuiper belt. Astronomers estimate that more than half a million undiscovered objects are waiting for their turn. As more and more fragments of the birth of the solar system are discovered, Pluto merges with the crowd, and its claims to be a unique planet are becoming less and less solid, according to Nature (text on the site Inopressa.ru).
Some astronomers believe that Pluto should be declassified and should become a Kuiper Belt object like its orbiting brethren. Others believe that any object larger than Pluto found in the outskirts of the solar system should be called a planet, and then UB313 falls into that category. "I would prefer Pluto to remain a planet, since that's the way it is historically," says Bertholdi.
The Astronomical Union set up a committee of 19 leading astronomers to come up with a definition of the planet that would either include or exclude UB313, but the committee conceded defeat in November 2005 after failing to reach a consensus. The union promises to find a solution this year, but Brown is already getting impatient. "Imagine how you would feel if your baby didn't have a name for seven months," he says.
The discovery of Eris has become one of the astronomical sensations of recent times. To date, it is the largest object discovered in the solar system since the discovery of Neptune in 1846.
The provisional name 2003 UB313 was assigned automatically. Located 97 astronomical units from the Sun and known as 2003 UB313, or Xena (Xena), the new object was found by scientists from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) on October 21, 2003. The discoverers, followed by NASA and some media, declared this object the tenth planet. solar system, however, on August 24, 2006, the International Astronomical Union approved the definition of the planet, according to which 2003 UB313 is not one. The object was classified as a "dwarf planet". On June 11, 2008, the IAU announced the introduction of the concept of a plutoid, which included the dwarf planets Eris and Pluto. Accordingly, only eight planets remained.
The orbit is highly elongated maximum distance to the Sun is 97.61 AU. e. (14.6023 billion km), the minimum is 37.808 a. e. (5.65598 billion km). The period of revolution around the Sun is 557 years, and the orbit is inclined at an angle of 44.177 ° to the plane of the ecliptic.
In April 2006, the results of measurements of the diameter and albedo of the object, carried out with the help of the Space Telescope. Hubble. It turned out that the diameter of Eris is 2400 ± 100 km (only 6% more than the diameter of Pluto).
The name "Eris" (lat. Eris) in honor of Greek goddess was adopted by the International Astronomical Union on September 13, 2006. In mythology, Eris is known for causing a quarrel between the gods, throwing them the same apple of discord, as a result of which the Trojan War began.
A satellite of Dysnomia ((136199) Eris I Dysnomia) has been discovered near the planet, about 150 km in diameter. The period of circulation of Dysnomia around Eris is approximately 16 Earth days.
The mass of Eris is determined due to the presence of a satellite, it is greater than the mass of Pluto and is equal to 1.66 * 1022 kg. Its density is close in value to the density of both Pluto and various Kuiper belt asteroids.
This object should not be confused with other large trans-Neptunian objects, in particular Sedna and Santa 2003 EL61.
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Search for planets in outer space- an extremely difficult task. Unlike stars, they do not have significant radiation, so their detection is possible by changing the glow of the parent star or by the gravitational influence on other space objects. Evidence of the difficulty of finding them is the ongoing dispute between scientists around an undiscovered massive space object of a planetary type, located at a distance from other planets in the solar system.
In 1846, the German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle, using Newtonian mechanics and the calculations of the French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier, analyzed strange perturbations in the orbit of Uranus. As a result, he suggested that another planet must be hiding behind Uranus. In the same year, Galle and his student managed to calculate the location and discover a planet unknown until that moment - Neptune. Subsequently, studying the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, astronomers again found strange deviations that could only indicate that another planet was hiding in the distance.
Percival Lowell at work
The search for trans-Neptunian planets captured the minds of astronomers around the world, but the most ambitious search was organized in 1894 by a wealthy businessman and amateur astronomer from Boston, Percival Lowell. Having built a telescope advanced for that time at his own expense, he spent 22 years of his life to find the hypothetical "planet X", as the astronomer himself called it. It is interesting that in those days he really gave shades of mystery and mysticism to the letter X, but in the distant future this name acquired a completely different meaning. The obsession with finding a mysterious planet that influenced the orbits of known objects in the solar system exhausted Lowell mentally and physically, and in 1916 he died, and his unique observatory was abandoned for many years due to the struggle for the businessman's inheritance.
It wasn't until 1925 that an updated telescope lifted its lenses back into the starry sky in search of the elusive planet. This time, the research was led by a 22-year-old farmer with an unexpected talent for astronomy, Clyde Tombaugh. The results of his painstaking work led to the fact that on February 18, 1930 he discovered Pluto.
The excited scientific community began to calculate the parameters of Pluto, based on data on the disturbances it causes in the orbits of other planets. On the telescopes of that time, Pluto looked like a barely noticeable pale dot. Scientists were confused by the size of the discovered planet and its low luminosity, but given its powerful gravitational influence, they suggested that Pluto must have been a very dense and massive planet with little light reflection.
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But the farther into the future, the more perfect the methods of observing Pluto became, and the clearer it became that this object does not have any large mass, nor a large value. In the end, when it turned out that the mass of Pluto was only 0.22% of the mass of the Earth, it was completely excluded from the list of planets and it was recognized that Pluto could in no way influence the deviations of the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. Lowell also got it - his guess about the location of planet X in the very region where Pluto was located was recognized as accidental.
For many years, the search for the 9th planet of the solar system has become the lot of amateur astronomers. And in 1980, the probability of its existence fell to a minimum: using modern gravitational theories and computer systems recalculations of the perturbations of the orbits of Uranus and Neptune were carried out, which showed that these perturbations are extremely small and, quite likely, are within the limits of the statistical error. Interest in finding an unknown planet in the solar system finally faded. But everything changed when the Kuiper Belt was discovered in 1987.
The Kuiper belt is a region of the solar system from the orbit of Neptune, which is located at a distance of 30 AU. from the Sun to 55 AU
| It is interesting: a.u. - astronomical unit. 1 astronomical unit is equal to 149,597,870.7 km. |
The Kuiper belt is filled with many small space objects, probably left over from the formation of the solar system, when the planets collided and whirled in a majestic waltz as they formed their orbits around the sun. Over time, the gravitational forces remaining " construction material was ejected into a zone called the Kuiper belt. By the way, Pluto was one of the first to be ranked among the objects of the Kuiper belt, giving it the title of a dwarf planet.
The Kuiper belt and the known this moment objects (in green) | With modern telescopes, astronomers have been able to see hundreds of new, small objects in the Kuiper belt that had hitherto been impossible to see. But here's the strange thing - the orbits of some of them ran in a very unusual way, while others did not rotate at all in the direction in which they were supposed to! Is it possible that the influence of the very “planet X” can be traced here?
But scientists still cannot answer this question. Every year, more and more new observations and calculations are carried out, the planet search area is gradually narrowing, scanty perturbations of the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, differences from the calculated trajectories of spacecraft that have gone beyond the solar system, and thousands of other parameters are taken into account, but this does not bring success. But on the other hand, scientists were able to calculate the possible parameters of an unknown planet in the solar system: most likely, it is a gas giant with a mass of 10-20 Earth masses and has a radius that is 4-5 times larger than our planet. The period of rotation of the 9th planet around the Sun is about 15,000 Earth years, and the distance from our star can be about 200 AU. Computer modelling The origin of the solar system shows that theoretically in 4 or 5 cases out of 20,000 such a planet could form and be captured by the Sun, but, as you can see, the chances of this are extremely small. But still, some scientists continue to believe in its existence. From latest news- Objects have been discovered in the Kuiper belt, the specific angle of inclination of which can tell us about the gravitational effect on them of some massive cosmic body ...
And yet, if planet X exists, can it somehow affect the Earth? Of course, the gravitational forces of any space objects in one way or another spread and affect other objects, but the distance to planet X is so great that any of its sensitive influence on the Earth or other planets of the solar system is absolutely excluded. And even more so, you should not wait for the end of the world, assigning mystical properties to the planet like the famous Nibiru. In any case, even with the presence of the 9th planet, our solar system is a mechanism honed over billions of years that works like a clock and has formed unique living conditions for the existence of human civilization.
Illustration: depositphotos | suzbah
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Recently, space exploration has been going on so intensively that it is unlikely that anyone can be surprised by the message that tenth planet in the solar system.
Someone will even say: “Well, finally!” Much more people wonders if there are sentient beings in our system other than humans. Or maybe they inhabit the same tenth planet?
So, where is she - the tenth planet of the solar system?
And now, again there is a lot of doubt, strife and disagreement. In view of recent events, the Americans discovered another planet beyond Pluto - Eris. It is larger than Pluto and also has a satellite - Dysnomia. This discovery was made in 2003. Inspired by the find, they began to look for more planets in that area. So they learned about the existence of Sedna, Haumea and Makemake.
But perhaps these objects were indeed too small to be called planets. That is why, in 2006, it was customary to call all newly discovered objects, and Pluto along with them, trans-Neptunian objects.
It must be said that all these discoveries are not at all the ones that humanity expects so much from astronautics. The need for new discoveries has become especially acute by 2012, on December 21 of which the prophetic calendar of the Mayan Indians ends. As you know, the most accurate predictions were obtained precisely on this calendar. So what does the end mean then?
The opinions of scientists are divided: some believe that the end of the world will come due to a shift in the Earth's orbit or its axis, others argue that a new stage will come and thereby there will be a change epochs, and still others are convinced that you just need to start counting from the beginning. However, the end of the calendar prompted people to make a number of discoveries and consider issues that they preferred to remain silent about.
So where is she? tenth planet in the solar system capable of becoming a new home for people? Or maybe it is this planet that will cause the death of the Earth? What will happen on a cosmic scale?
The tenth planet of the solar system and the Maya
Almost all peoples of the Earth can find ancient drawings depicting people with halos above their heads, who were called angels and gods. These gods sometimes had earthly children. For example, the lineage of the Egyptian pharaohs began with the son of the sun god Ra. Considering how the pyramids were built, the help of aliens in this would not surprise anyone. The same is true with the Altai dolmens and many other ancient structures.
According to the Mayan Indians, on the other side of the Sun, there is an unknown modern people, the tenth planet of the solar system - Nibiru, on which the gods live, periodically teaching earthlings and removing danger from them. If this is true, then people would have something to hope for.
The existence of the tenth planet of the solar system, which we cannot see due to the fact that it is located behind the Sun, rotating in its orbit parallel to the Earth with a similar period of revolution, was narrated by the legends of many peoples, as well as the works of ancient astronomers. It turns out that Nibiru, which later became known as Gloria, has been seen through telescopes more than once. Moreover, based on the calculations of a number of great scientists of our time, if it really exists, then soon we will be able to observe its crescent in the night sky ..
Works of Vachery Uvarov
The great Russian astronomer Vachery Uvarov became famous throughout the world for proving the existence of the tenth planet in the solar system and even approximately calculated its size. This man noticed long ago that one way or another, everything in the world obeys mathematical laws. Thanks to his conclusions, he made certain calculations proving the existence of another planet, which is problematic to observe because of its opposition. Perhaps this is exactly the mysterious planet about which many myths and theories are now circulating.
Vacheriy Uvarov began his calculations with the fact that all large bodies of the solar system have their own pair. This is the so-called law of doubleness. After comparing all the parameters of the planets and their composition, the scientist divided the large bodies of the solar system into two systems: the Jupiter system and the Saturn system. Jupiter, Neptune, Earth and Mercury were assigned to the first. The second group included Saturn, Uranus, Mars and Venus. There is one essential regularity in these series, which every physicist is able to appreciate. Each planet in the row is exactly 18 times smaller than the previous one in size, weight and density.
The surprise of this theory was that there is a body in the solar system, which, according to its parameters, should become the fifth in the series of planets of the Saturn system. This body is the Sun. Question: what is the doublet of the Sun in the Jupiter system? It would be impossible not to notice such an object - 18 times larger than Jupiter! Only a star can have such dimensions.
This discovery was a confirmation of the legends, which told that two Suns shone in the sky. It turns out that one of them just went out for a very, very long time. Moreover, most of the peoples of the world had such legends, Tibetan and Indian myths tell in more detail about the Raja-Sun. In addition, according to research, most of the stars in our galaxy are paired ...
Later, the scientist drew a parallel between the satellites of such a planet in the solar system as Saturn. According to the laws of physics, the location of the satellites of this planet should be completely similar to the location of the planets around the Sun, and the passage through the orbits of the planets should be the same as the passage through the orbits of the planets.
If you calculate based on the proportion, then all the satellites of Saturn are really located in proportion to the location of the planets around the Sun. But, at the distance at which the Earth's orbit is located, Saturn has 2 satellites that are opposed to each other. Their movement in orbits is the greatest mystery - they never collide, but periodically change orbits.
Based on this, there should be another planet in Earth's orbit, which can be seen only once every few hundred years. Judging by the climatic conditions that should be on the unexplored tenth planet, there, as well as on Earth, there should be intelligent life.
There is another confirmation of the existence of another planet. It lies in the mutual motion of Mars and Venus, as well as the fact that Venus rotates against the motion of all the planets of the solar system. Only the tenth planet of the solar system, unknown to us, which several times more earth, can cause such a strange movement due to its gravity.
According to the size and location of Gloria, she simply must be inhabited. In addition, the satellites of Saturn, for which the analogy was drawn, periodically approach each other and change their orbits. Therefore, it is possible that a highly developed population living on the tenth planet of the solar system once flew to Earth and really taught earthlings what they themselves knew.
Many ufologists unanimously claim that even the Moon familiar to us was attracted by the inhabitants of Gloria during one of the orbit exchanges in order to add mass to the Earth. They say that otherwise, the Earth would simply sail away from its orbit, far beyond Mars, and all life on it could die.
Perhaps the existence of a tenth planet in the solar system, and there is a reasonable explanation for many of the mysteries of the human world, including unidentified flying objects, and crop circles, and even the construction of many ancient structures and drawings.
To question 10 the planet of the solar system asked by the author Yoofi Corvus the best answer is link
Answer from 22 answers[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: 10th planet of the solar system
Answer from Vadim Balchaitis[guru]
Lema read your teacher))
Answer from VALENTINKA[guru]
tut pocitaite:
Answer from gin[guru]
It is twice as far from the Sun as Pluto, which was previously considered the outermost planet in our system.
Since the discovery of Neptune in 1846, this planet has become the largest celestial body discovered by astronomers in the solar system, BBC science writer David Whitehouse points out.
10 Planet - Phaeton.
Answer from ALLURE7 FLLURE7[guru]
The planet, consisting of ice and stones, was named Sedna - in honor of the sea goddess of the Eskimos. Read here
Answer from Evgeny Yurievich[guru]
There are two Magellanic clouds: large and small. They swallowed Pluto and it ceased to be a planet and now revolve around the Sun in a cardioid with a right ascension of 25 radians. At the apex they reach 106 hours. Another 1001 parsecs will pass and the astronomical unit will become a deuce. And then the Earth will order to live long on the threshold of the Andromeda Nebula.
Answer from B and x r b[guru]
It really was discovered, it is located far beyond Pluto.
But so far there are no reliable data on its size and composition, and the name has not been approved by the astronomical community.
At such a distance as this planet rotates, the Sun should look just like the most bright Star in the sky.
Answer from Andrey Sharapov[guru]
In my opinion it is about Charon, but I'm not sure exactly. By the way, if you approach the issue encyclopedically, since this year the congress of astronomers has excluded both Pluto and Charon from the composition of the planets of the solar system, so now there are only 8 planets in the solar system.
Answer from Leka[guru]
Minor planet 2003 VB12 (popular name Sedna) is the most distant object in the solar system found to date.
The American Space Agency and the California Institute of Technology presented detailed information about a sensational discovery made in the Kuiper belt on the far outskirts of the solar system. As previously reported, American astronomers using the Spitzer orbiting telescope and a number of ground-based observatories in Spain, Chile and the United States discovered the largest object after Pluto. The previously unknown celestial body was named Sedna in honor of the Eskimo goddess of the sea.
Scientists have found that Sedna revolves around the Sun in a highly elongated elliptical orbit. At present, the object is located at a distance of about 13 billion km from the center of the solar system, and at the farthest point of the orbit, the distance from the planetoid to the Sun reaches 130 billion km. Sedna makes one revolution around the Sun in 10,500 Earth years. In size, Sedna occupies an intermediate position between Pluto and the previously discovered giant asteroid Quaoar. According to researchers, Sedna is about 1,700 km across.
True, even if Pluto became a "dwarf planet", then Sedna, all the more, cannot claim a full-fledged planetary status.
I will give a link to the translation of the author's article about the discovery (Michael Brown, Chadwick Trujillo, David Rabinowitz March 16, 2004): link - very interesting!
Answer from Lara Tootsen[guru]
The International Astronomical Society has confirmed the discovery of the 10th planet in the solar system. It is twice as far from the Sun as Pluto, which was previously considered the outermost planet in our system.
The new planet, which was observed by astronomers in California and the Hawaiian Islands, so far has a temporary name 2003 UB313. It was discovered back in 2003, but only now it has been possible to confirm that this celestial body is a planet.
Since the discovery of Neptune in 1846, this planet has become the largest celestial body discovered by astronomers in the solar system, BBC science columnist David Whitehouse points out.
The diameter of the planet is approximately 3,000 km. It is composed mainly of rocks and ice. Astronomers believe that at some point in the planet's history, the gravitational influence of Neptune threw it into an orbit rotated 44 degrees to the plane of the ecliptic.
The planet is currently at a distance of 97 astronomical units from the Sun.
The new planet was found by Michael Brown of Caltech, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii, and David Rabinovich of Yale University. In an interview with the BBC, Rabinowitz said: "It's an amazing day and an amazing year. 2003 UB313 may be bigger than Pluto. It's less bright than Pluto, but three times further away."
"If it were at the same distance as Pluto, it would be brighter than it. Now the world knows that Pluto is not unique. There are other Plutos that are in the outskirts of the solar system, where they are difficult to find," he said .
The planet was discovered using the Samuel Oschin telescope at the Palomar Observatory, as well as the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii.
"Spectral samples obtained at the Gemini Observatory are particularly interesting because they indicate that the surface of this planet is very similar to the surface of Pluto," - said Chad Trujillo.
The planet was first discovered on October 21, 2003, but its displacement relative to the stars was noticed only 15 months later, on January 8, 2005.
The researchers say they tried to locate the planet using the Spitzer Space Telescope, which detects infrared radiation, but couldn't find it.
The upper limit of observational error under these conditions is 3,000 km, which means that the diameter of the planet cannot be larger than this figure, scientists say. And even the lower limit of observational error makes the new planet a larger celestial body than Pluto.
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