What made the cave city of Canuos famous? (Video). What made the German city of Hameln famous? What made him famous

It seems to me that there is no such person who would not know and have not heard about him ..

• Let's start with the fact that this city was glorified in his work "Iliad" by the famous Homer.

• He described the events of the famous Trojan War. The wife of the Mycenaean king, the beautiful Helena, fell in love with Paris. The lovers fled to Troy, to the father of the groom. The enraged husband gathered an army and rushed to return the unfaithful spouse. As a result, the siege of the city lasted 10 years.

He was taken thanks to a trick invented.

• The besiegers built a huge horse out of wood, hid a certain number of soldiers in it, and allegedly retreated. The Trojans dragged a horse into the city, mistaking it for a gift from the gods, and held festivities on this occasion. At night, the soldiers got out of the horse, opened the gates and let their comrades into the city. So, the famous went down in history Trojan horse and the city fell.

• He described real historical events. Although for a long time Troy was considered a fictional city, supposedly it did not exist in real life in ancient times. And then such a lover of archeology, Heinrich Schliemann, appeared. He set himself the goal of finding Troy. He succeeded only on the fourth attempt.

I want to note that life is arranged in such a way that cities are destroyed, covered with a layer of earth, new settlements can be built on this earth, etc. So, Schliemann excavated very rudely, he swept away those layers that were not interesting to him. This was also the case with Troy. He is her found in May 1873, destroying the later cultural layers.

• Schliemann revealed to the world the famous gold of Troy - this is the so-called "treasure of Priam". He even took a photo of his wife Sophia in jewelry from these finds.

For a very long time they did not believe that exactly that Troy was found, that the “treasure” was genuine, etc. But, the passions subsided and the majority came to the conclusion that this was the same legendary Troy.

• The city of Troy is also associated with the name of the famous Alexander the Great. He made a pilgrimage to this city. The altar of the temple of Athena, in which he visited, was found.

The fact is that the city of Troy is so geographically located that it is constantly beset by disasters (earthquakes, wars, etc.). Therefore, he is like a phoenix - he dies to be reborn again.

Well, since Schliemann did not excavate the entire territory of Troy and swept away not all cultural layers, I am sure that archaeologists will surprise the world more than once with their finds glorifying Troy.

The city of Mozdok in North Ossetia appeared on the map of the Russian Empire in the 60s of the eighteenth century. In the famous dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron Mozdok is mentioned as a provincial city of the Terek region. Here, on the banks of the Terek, in the tract, the name of which is translated from Kabardian as a dense forest, by order of Catherine II, a Russian settlement was founded. Today, the multinational population of Mozdok is just over forty thousand people, and each of its inhabitants is proud of the glorious past of the city and its famous natives.

What made the city of Mozdok famous in the history of the Russian

The history of Mozdok, although it has only two and a half centuries, is very curious. Appeared as a fortress, designed to become one of the southern Russian outposts, this city in a short time became a cultural and economic center North Caucasus. The famous Georgian Military Highway once originated here, known to every schoolchild thanks to the study of creativity and life path A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Griboyedov. Emelyan Pugachev once sat in the local guardhouse, who fled from here to the Yaik steppes and proclaimed himself the tsar-father. And the artisan brothers Dubinin glorified native city by inventing a method for distilling oil and building a kerosene plant. This production did not last long, but the merit of the brothers is undeniable. In Europe in those days they still did not know how to drive kerosene from black gold.

The second half of the nineteenth century was marked for Mozdok by the loss of city status, until 1925 it was considered a settlement. The reason was the construction railway through Beslan: all routes passing through Mozdok lost their strategic importance. However, after the revolution, the industrial production of the city was restored.

To the Great Patriotic war the city is captured by the Nazis. The occupation lasted only four months, the damage was colossal. But the Nazis failed to advance further than Mozdok and carry out their plans to capture Maikop and Grozny, this area became for them a "valley of death."

What made Mozdok famous in 2015? To the 70th anniversary Great Victory in the city for the first time last years a military parade took place, and about three hundred residents of the city took part in the Immortal Regiment action.

Sights of Mozdok: what travelers should see

In the Republic of North Ossetia, Mozdok is considered the largest of the small towns. Numerous monuments of the city perpetuate both famous guests and glorious citizens. There is, for example, a bust of Yu.V. Andropov, installed in the courtyard of the school where the future General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU studied. And Pushkin Square of the city, of course, is decorated with a bust of the great Russian poet.

There are other monuments in the city, among them:

monument to the Dubinin brothers;

monument to Emelyan Pugachev;

monument to Kosta Khetagurov;

Lenin monument;

monument to Sergei Kirov;

a monument to St. George the Victorious, considered the patron saint of Ossetians.

But still, the most grandiose building among the city's sights was the obelisk erected not far from the station on Victory Square to the heroes-compatriots who fell during the war years. Three pylons symbolizing bayonets, connected by a ring decorated with relief portraits of warriors, rise next to the eternal flame in a seated scarlet roses square. This is not the only military monument in the city: in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Victory, the Airplane monument was erected in the park. And in the square at the corner of Kirov and Rostovskaya streets, tourists are surprised by another unusual memorial. The composition dedicated to the Afghan soldiers is installed next to the marble slabs on which the names of the dead heroes are carved. The monument is a human hand: people approaching the palm from one side see a grenade lying on it, but as soon as they go around the composition, the human heart, a piercing symbol of the sacrifice of internationalist soldiers, appears to the observer.

Another attraction of Mozdok is the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God. The Mozdok icon of the Mother of God is kept here, a copy of the shrine patronizing the entire Caucasus, according to legend, donated to the Ossetian people by the Georgian queen Tamara. Previously, the church belonged to the Armenian community, and in its inner courtyard there is a sign in memory of the victims of the genocide.

The only museum of Mozdok is a local history museum. More than 17,000 exhibits have been collected here, revealing the secrets of history, nature and culture to visitors. native land. And the most unusual of the monuments of Mozdok is considered to be a giant oak, the same age as the city, fenced with forged chains. Next to the mighty trunk is a marble slab with verses carved on it, calling the tree the chronicler of Mozdok.

Old German cities are similar to one another and captivate at first sight - their well-maintained half-timbered houses evoke thoughts of the scenery for the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Not all of them have survived to this day: the bombings during the Second World War destroyed many of them. Nevertheless, the Lower Saxon Hameln has completely retained its charm - its historical center was practically not damaged, although neighboring Hannover was literally wiped off the face of the earth.

It is impossible to talk about Hameln without its history, it is so amazing that it is inseparable from the city itself.

Each of us in childhood heard a chilling story about the Pied Piper, who, with the help of a pipe, took all the children out of the city. This legend exists in different variations in the folklore of many nations. But only for the German city of Hameln, this is not a legend, but historical fact, about which not only the year is precisely known, but also the month and day when it happened.

It’s worth starting with the location of the city: it stands on the rapids of the Weser River. It was here that many centuries ago the first water mills were built, which became the basis of the city's prosperity. Peasants from the surrounding estates brought grain for grinding; Since the XIII century, Hameln has become the richest city. Until now, houses have been preserved, on the facades of which there are inscriptions in Old German about the year of construction - some of them date back to the 14th-15th centuries! However, today their first floors are given over to McDonald's and clothing stores.

So, the classic version of the legend that made Hameln famous is this: the city, which concentrated large reserves of grain, was attacked by rats. The authorities did not know how to deal with this - even cats were afraid of aggressive rodents. Once a man came to the city, who introduced himself as the Pied Piper and offered to lime the rats for a substantial fee. The mayor agreed, the rat-catcher played his pipe, took all the rats outside the city and drowned them in the river. But the cunning city fathers decided not to pay him. The rat-catcher left without salty slurping.

But on June 26, 1284, he returned again - in a different, bright and unusual dress. He played the pipe again, and this time took away all the children, except for two cripples - a mute and a lame one. And the adults froze and could not move until the Pied Piper crossed the bridge to the other side of the river and disappeared with the children on Mount Klyut (which still towers over the city and offers beautiful views of the surroundings). Surprisingly, another legend says that around the same time, a group of children appeared in Transylvania (now Romania) who spoke German and did not remember who they were or where they came from.

Scientists have found an explanation for this strange legend in the tradition of children's crusades, which were popular just in the 13th century. These spontaneous gatherings of children arose first in France, and then spread to Germany. Baby Crusades were not approved by the church: during the journey, most of the children died, and the campaigns themselves, as a rule, were initiated by scammers, who then sold the children into slavery - in particular, they made them chimney sweeps (only children could climb into the pipe). Apparently, the echoes of these events resulted in the legend about the Pied Piper.

Be that as it may, today in Hameln everything reminds of this story: the official name of the city is Rattenfängerstadt Hameln (City of the Pied Piper). Mechanical figurines on the façade of the Hochzeitshaus (a building on the central square built in 1671) play out this dramatic scene several times a day, accompanied by a chilling melody. On the central street of the city there is a beautiful bronze monument to the Pied Piper. All the key buildings are named after the Pied Piper - the modern music hall Rattenfängerhalle, or the medieval Rattenfängerhaus, where during the repair they found a beam with an inscription about the legend with the exact indication of the missing - 130 children. The paving stones are decorated with images of rats cast in bronze, and the bridge over the river is decorated with a beautiful golden sculpture of a rodent. Every year in June, a big holiday is held with a performance: Hamelin schoolchildren consider it an honor to take part in it, playing children first, and then rats.

As before, carts from the surrounding villages, today buses with tourists eager to touch the legend regularly come to Hameln, and their money flows into the city. The Pied Piper not only took the rats away, but also rendered the city an invaluable service for centuries to come. Even Michael Jackson at one time gave a concert not in large neighboring cities, but in the 40,000th (at that time) Hameln: it turns out that his mother told him this story in childhood, and he really wanted to see the legendary city with his own eyes.

Interesting fact: it turns out that it was in Hameln that there was a pharmacy, which until 1841 belonged to the inventor of morphine, Friedrich Wilhelm Sertürner (who went crazy and died at 58, most likely from abusing his own invention). The pharmacy was located in the Hochzeitshaus - exactly in the building where the fascinating puppet show is now taking place. The symbol of inexorable craving, which has become the Pied Piper's pipe, echoes the power of dependence on the first chemically isolated alkaloid.