The population in Tatarstan is a year. The population of Tatarstan and its ethnic composition. Area, economy, capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. Economic development of Tatarstan

In total, people live in Tatarstan. (2015). Of these, a million people live in Kazan. Representatives of 115 nationalities live in the Republic of Tatarstan. The number of economically active population in the Republic of Tatarstan as of January 1, 2015 amounted to 1790.1 thousand people, or 47.0% of the total population of the republic.

Tatarstan ranks eighth in Russia in terms of population after Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Moscow, Sverdlovsk and Rostov regions. In the Volga Federal District, the republic is the second largest in terms of population. According to preliminary data, the 2010 All-Russian Population Census in Tatarstan recorded 3,786.4 thousand people permanently residing in the republic.

Tatars Tatars are the indigenous people of the Republic of Tatarstan, according to the results of the 2010 census, 2,012,000 Tatars lived in the republic (which is over 53% of the population of the republic). and 48.6% Russians; in Naberezhnye Chelny, the proportion of Tatars 47.4% exceeds the weight of Russians 44.9%. Of their 43 municipal districts, Tatars form the majority in 32, Russians in 10, and in one district the majority of the population is Chuvash. In 10 districts, the number of Tatars exceeds % of the total number of those who indicated their nationality.

The population of Tatarstan as of 2015 people, urban, 4% (2015). Population density ~ 55.4 people/km² (2014).

The largest settlement in Tatarstan is the city of Kazan. In addition to it, there are also 21 cities, 20 urban-type settlements and 897 village councils in the Republic. The most populated region of Tatarstan is Zelenodolsky (61 thousand inhabitants without Zelenodolsk), the least populated is Yelabuga (about 11 thousand inhabitants without Yelabuga).

Kazan 1143.5 Mendeleevsk 22.1 Naberezhnye Chelny 513.2 Buinsk 20.3 Nizhnekamsk 234.1 Agryz 19.3 Almetyevsk 146.3 Arsk 18.1 Zelenodolsk 97.7 Vasilyevo 17.0 Bugulma 89.1 Kukmor 16.9 Yelabuga 70.8 Menzelinsk 16.5 Leninogorsk 64.1 Kamskiye Polyany 15.8 Chistopol 60.7 Mamadysh 14.4 Zainsk 41.8 Dzhalil 13.9 Aznakayevo 34.9 Tetyushi 11.6 Nurlat 32.6 Alekseevskoye 11.2 Bavly 22 .1 Urussu 10.7

Within the republic, a steady migration influx has a gravity zone of Kazan, as well as separate areas southeast, where the enterprises of the oil industry and energy are located. An unstable migration pattern, depending on the situation at the city-forming enterprises, is emerging in the gravity zone of the Kama industrial hub. Migration outflow is typical for the peripheral and deep rural areas of the south and southwest, as well as the intermediate zone between the areas of attraction of Kazan and Yar Challa.

The Republic of Tatarstan is multinational in terms of population composition. This circumstance largely explains the diversity of confessions and religious associations on its territory. The religious situation in the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole is assessed as stable and reflects the consequences of the changes that have taken place over the past decades and have significantly affected the sphere of state-church relations, the activities of religious organizations throughout the territory. Russian Federation. Azimov Mosque State-confessional relations in Tatarstan are developing in accordance with the logic of the current stage of religious revival.

As of January 1, 2014, 1,398 religious organizations were registered in Tatarstan, of which: 1,055 Muslim, 255 Orthodox of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, 5 of the True Orthodox Church, 2 of the Old Believers (Belokrinitsky consent and the Old Pomeranian persuasion), Catholics - 2, Jews - 4, Protestant communities of various directions - 71 (Evangelical Christians - Baptists - 4, Evangelical Christians - 30, Evangelical Christians - 16, Seventh Day Adventists - 10, Lutherans - 5, New Apostolic Church - 1, Jehovah's Witnesses - 5), Baha'is - 1, Hare Krishnas (Vaishnavas) - 2, Church of the Last Testament (Vissarionists) - 1.

is a republic within the Russian Federation. The head of state and the highest official of the Republic of Tatarstan is the President. He heads the system of executive bodies state power in the republic and manages the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers - the executive and administrative body of state power. The Cabinet of Ministers is responsible to the President. The candidacy of the Prime Minister is approved by the Parliament of Tatarstan at the proposal of the President.

The highest representative and legislative body of state power in the Republic of Tatarstan is the unicameral State Council (Parliament).

The State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan is the permanent supreme representative, legislative body of state power. Parliament is elected for a term of five years and consists of 100 deputies. The State Council is headed by the Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan.

President of the Republic of Tatarstan

Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan

Local self-government acts independently within its powers. Local self-government bodies are not included in the system of state authorities. Local self-government throughout the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out in urban, rural settlements, municipal districts and urban districts.

Judicial power is exercised by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan, federal courts of general jurisdiction, the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tatarstan and justices of the peace. Judicial proceedings and office work in courts are conducted in accordance with federal law.

The capital of the republic is Kazan, one of the largest economic, scientific, cultural and sports centers in Russia.

The official languages ​​in Tatarstan are Tatar and Russian.

The Republic of Tatarstan is multi-confessional. As of January 1, 2008, 1398 religious associations were registered. Traditional confessions for the republic are Sunni Islam and Orthodoxy. The state policy in the republic is aimed at maintaining the balance of interests of Islam and Orthodoxy, the equality of all religions before the law.

In terms of the number of functioning religious communities, Tatarstan is one of the leaders among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. There are about 1,400 religious buildings in the republic, of which: 1,150 mosques, 200 churches, 50 religious buildings of other faiths.

In political and administrative terms, Tatarstan is divided into 43 municipal districts, 22 cities, 20 urban-type settlements, 897 rural settlements.

The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the most densely populated regions of Russia. In terms of population, Tatarstan ranks eighth among 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The total population of Tatarstan in mid-2011 amounted to 3 million 787 thousand 355 people.

Throughout the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century, the population of the region grew at a low rate: 1920 - 2.7 million people, 1970 - 3.13 million people, 1989 - 3.64 million people ., 1999 - 3.78 million people, 2002 - 3.77 million people.

In general, the demographic processes of the Republic of Tatarstan repeat the all-Russian trends. The total fertility rate in the period from 2005 to 2011 varied slightly, reaching a minimum in 2010 (9.6%) and a maximum in 2009 (11.8%).

In 2011, for the first time in the last 20 years, the number of births exceeded the number of deaths, and the natural increase in the population of the republic became positive (Fig. 1).

This trend continued in 2012. In July 2012, the coefficient of natural population growth increased to 1.2% and the population of the republic increased by 2996 people. An increase in the number of births not only of the first and second, but also of the third and subsequent children in the family was recorded.

The gender structure of the population of Tatarstan is dominated by the female population: the share of women is 53.9%, and men - 46.1%.

Women quantitatively predominate in the urban settlements of the republic. Thus, in cities, there are 1,015 women per 1,000 men of working age, and 2,652 women per 1,000 men of retirement age. Only among the townspeople of children's age (0-15 years) is there a preponderance towards the male population: there are 956 girls per 1000 boys.

In 2010, the average life expectancy of the republic's population was 70.8 years (the average for the Russian Federation is 69 years).

In the Republic of Tatarstan, a positive migration balance has been maintained for several decades, which indicates the economic attractiveness of the region both among the population of neighboring regions and among residents of the CIS countries. The main migration flows are directed to Tatarstan from the Chuvash Republic, the Republic of Mari El, Bashkortostan, and among the CIS countries - from Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and other republics.

In 2010, 62.7% participated in intra-republican migrations total number migrants. Among the cities of Tatarstan, the cities of Mamadysh (10.5‰), Buinsk (7.9‰), Menzelinsk (7.0‰), Kazan (6.9‰), Mendeleevsk (5.4‰) have the largest net migration.

Large industrial cities have either a low or negative net migration rate: Nizhnekamsk (-3.2‰), Naberezhnye Chelny (-0.9‰), Almetyevsk (0.1‰).

In total, representatives of 115 nationalities live on the territory of Tatarstan. National composition The population is characterized by the predominance of representatives of three national groups - Tatars (53%), Russians (39.4%), Chuvashs (3.3%). All other national groups are less numerous, and the share of each of them does not exceed 1%. For example, the fourth national group after the Chuvashs is the Udmurt population, whose share is 0.6% of the total population.

The total share of other national groups is 4.2% of the total population of the republic. The ratio of the leading national groups of the republic according to the results of individual population censuses is presented in Table. one.

Table 1 . The ratio of the leading national population groups according to the results of individual population censuses

The main areas of settlement of the predominantly Tatar population are Zakazanie, a vast area to the north and northeast of Kazan, as well as the east and south of the republic. Tatars numerically predominate in most districts and cities, and their share has increased almost throughout the entire territory of the republic (Fig. 3). The Chuvash and Mordovians traditionally live in the peripheral regions of the southwest, the Mari in the northwest, and the Udmurts in the northeast. The Russian population slightly predominates in areas located on both banks of the Volga and near the wide mouth of the Kama, flooded by the reservoir, as well as in the cities of Zelenodolsk, Chistopol (more than 60% of the population), Bugulma and Yelabuga (more than half). Large communities of Ukrainians and Bashkirs formed as a result of labor migrations of the 1960s–1970s, they are concentrated in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk (more than 40% of Ukrainians and 55% of Bashkirs of the republic).

The population density of the republic is 55.8 people/km2. According to this indicator, Tatarstan noticeably surpasses most neighboring regions, yielding only to the Samara region (59.2 people/km2) and the Chuvash Republic (69.9 people/km2). For example, the same indicator in the Republic of Mari El is 30.2 people/km2, in Udmurtia - 38.6 people/km, Kirov region- 11.6 people/km2, in Bashkortostan - 28.3 people/km2.

Density map rural population

In the Republic of Tatarstan, the density of the rural population is only 13.7 people/km2, which indicates high urbanization.

75.4% of the population of the republic lives in urban areas, 24.6% - in rural areas. The urban population tends to steadily slow growth.

The cities of the republic differ in the number of inhabitants and play an unequal role in the internal and external socio-economic processes of the republic. The largest cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people have a diversified industry, participate in the intra-regional division of labor, producing products oriented both to the domestic and foreign markets (Table 2).

table 2. Classification of cities by population(2010th year)

Due to historical and economic reasons urban population The republics are distributed unevenly. Most of it is concentrated in the northwest, northeast and southeast of Tatarstan (Fig. 4). Systems, clusters of cities have formed here, which are developing agglomerations.

The most established is the Kazan agglomeration, which includes the city of Kazan, the city of Zelenodolsk and the settlement zone between them. About 1 million 300 thousand people live within the Kazan agglomeration, which is approximately 34.4% of the population of the republic and 45.5% of all citizens of the region.

Kazan is the capital of the republic, the only millionaire city in the region (1145.4 thousand people). It is the economic, cultural and political center of Tatarstan. The area of ​​Kazan is 425.3 km2. The birth and death rates coincide and amount to 13.1‰. Migration growth - (+4.6‰). The ethnic composition of the inhabitants is diverse, but the leading national groups are Russians (48.8%), Tatars (47.5%).

The Nizhnekamsk agglomeration, formed on the basis of young cities - Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, as well as ancient Yelabuga, has about 850 thousand inhabitants, which is 22.4% of the population of the republic and 29.8% of the urban population.

Naberezhnye Chelny is a large industrial and Cultural Center in the northeast of the republic. This is the main city of the polycentric Nizhnekamsk agglomeration and the center of the Nizhnekamsk TIC, the second largest city in Tatarstan in terms of population and importance.

The area of ​​the city is 171 km2; population - 513.2 thousand people, which is about 13.5% of the population of Tatarstan. The coefficient of natural population growth is positive and amounts to 5.7‰. The migration growth of the population is negative and amounts to (- 0.9‰). The national composition of the city's population is represented by the following main national groups: Tatars - 45.7%, Russians - 45.1%, Chuvash - 1.9%, Ukrainians - 1.6%, Bashkirs - 1.4%.

Nizhnekamsk is a large industrial center of the republic. This is the third largest city in Tatarstan, the administrative center of the Nizhnekamsk municipal district.

The area of ​​Nizhnekamsk is 61.0 km2, the population is 234.1 thousand inhabitants. The coefficient of natural increase is positive and amounts to 5.7 ‰, the coefficient of net migration is (-3.2 ‰). The national composition of the population is represented mainly by Tatars (46.5%), Russians (46.1%), Chuvashs (3.0%), Ukrainians (1.0%), Bashkirs (1%).

Elabuga (city since 1780) is the industrial and cultural-historical center of the republic. It is the seventh most populous city in Tatarstan. Its area is 18.4 km2, the population is 70.9 thousand people. The natural population growth is positive and amounts to 3.5‰, the net migration coefficient is also positive (+ 3.5‰).

The cities of the south-east of the republic (Almetievsk, Bugulma, Leninogorsk, Aznakaevo, Bavly), closely connected by industrial, economic and cultural ties, form an industrial hub that contributed to the emergence of a new agglomeration.

About 337 thousand people live within the Almetyevsko-Bugulma agglomeration, which is 8.9% of the population of the republic and 11.9% of the urban population of the region.

Almetyevsk is the administrative center of the Almetyevsk municipal district, the most Big City in the polycentric Almetyevsk-Bugulma agglomeration, the center of the Almetyevsk-Bugulma TPK of the republic, the fourth largest city in Tatarstan in terms of population and importance.

The area of ​​the city is 41 km2, the population is 146.2 thousand people. The natural population growth is positive and amounts to 1.3‰. The migration growth of the population has slowed down and amounts to 0.1‰. The national composition of the population is represented by the following national groups: Tatars - 50.4%, Russians - 42.9%, Chuvashs - 2.4%, Mordovians - 2.4%.

Republican agglomerations are large industrial centers, concentrating in total 65.7% of the total population and 87.1% of the urban population of Tatarstan, act as "points of growth" of the regional economy.

population labor resources in the Republic of Tatarstan is 2434.3 thousand people, and the economically active population is 2092.8 thousand people. (July 2012).

The Russian Federation, in addition to Russian cities, includes various republics of other nationalities. These include Tatarstan, whose population consists not only of Tatars. This state has a huge cultural heritage, the study of which is very exciting. The cities of Tatarstan, it would seem, are very different from each other, but at the same time they have a large number of similar traits. It is these moments that will be discussed.

About the republic

Tatarstan is located in the region of the middle Volga region. It belongs to the Volga Federal District. The area of ​​Tatarstan is limited by such regions as Ulyanovsk, Samara, Kirov and Orenburg, as well as the republics of Mari El, Chuvashia, Udmurtia and Bashkiria. The capital of this subject of the Russian Federation is the city of Kazan.

The entire area of ​​Tatarstan is about 68 thousand square kilometers. The total population is 3868.7 thousand people. Among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the republic is in seventh place in terms of the number of residents in the territory. The population density of Tatarstan is fifty-seven people per one square kilometer. This is well above the national average of 8.57 people per square kilometer.

In ancient times, Finno-Ugric tribes lived on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. They were displaced by the Bulgar communities, who were able to create their own state. But their time did not last long - the Mongol-Tatars destroyed everything. The current territory of Tatarstan was part of the Golden Horde. And only after its collapse did the Kazan Khanate appear. Ivan the Terrible included him in the Russian kingdom. After that, the Kazan province was created, which during the revolutions was renamed the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. At the breakup Soviet Union The republic acquired a new name - Tatarstan.

About settlements and main nationalities of the republic

The number of settlements, in addition to the million-plus city of Kazan, includes twenty-six more cities. Three of them (Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk, Almetyevsk) have more than 100 thousand inhabitants. More than 50 thousand live in such settlements as Zelenodolsk, Bugulma, Yelabuga, Leninogorsk, Chistopol. The Republic of Tatarstan is incredibly multinational. Its population is diverse. It has more than 173 nationalities. Among them:

• Tatars (about 53.2% of the total population);
• Russians (39.7%);
• Chuvash (3.1%);
• Udmurts (0.6%);
• Bashkirs (0.36%);
• other nationalities (less than 3.1%).

The population by regions shows that the percentage of Tatars in almost all regions is somewhat less than that of Russians.

Kazan is the heart of the republic

The capital of any state is its pride. The same can be said about Kazan. Origin this city as ancient as the origin of the Republic of Tatarstan itself. Not without reason, in the Old Slavic times, the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation was called the "Kazan Khanate".

Kazan is the pearl of the Republic of Tatarstan, the population supports the preservation of cultural heritage with all its might, but at the same time it brings modern features to the look of the city. To date, the locality modern center which has not lost its former greatness at all.

A little more than a million people live on the territory of Kazan. This is the largest city in the republic. It is predominantly populated by Russians and Tatars (approximately 48% and 47% respectively). Other nationalities are relatively rare. That is why in religious views two directions prevail: Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam.

Distinctive features of other cities of the republic

In addition to the million-plus city, there are other remarkable places on the territory of Tatarstan. settlements. For example, Naberezhnye Chelny. During the Soviet Union, this city was the leading city in the country in terms of the production of KamAZ trucks. It was this event that turned an ordinary small town into a progressive center. In that era, the city was even renamed Brezhnev, but somehow this decision did not take root. The administration had to return the former name.

Another very interesting city- Almetyevsk. This is the oldest settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan, whose population is a valuable bearer of the traditions and legends of the former Kazan Khanate. At the same time, Nizhnekamsk is the youngest city in the republic. But, surprisingly, it is in third place after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny in terms of the number of inhabitants.

In addition to these cities, there are other noteworthy settlements. All of them, even in the photo, have some kind of elusive similarity in buildings, streets and other little things. But at the same time, the difference between these cities is also felt.

Finally

Tatarstan is one of the ten largest subjects belonging to the Russian Federation. The beauty of its capital does not deteriorate over the years. The city is getting better and better. The population mainly consists of Russians and Tatars, so it will not be difficult for those wishing to visit this glorious republic to communicate with the locals. And their friendliness and hospitality will impress anyone.