What is the primary score on the exam. How is the exam evaluated. How is the final score determined?

For an objective assessment of the level of work performed by each USE participant, in comparison with other exam participants, a special scaling technique is used. USE results.

It was developed by leading domestic experts in the field of pedagogical measurements on the basis of recognized international testological models.

What is the essence of the scaling procedure?

At conducting the exam The exam is attended by many graduates from different educational institutions. They have a different level of training and perform a variety of control and measuring materials (CMM). In this regard, the question arises how to objectively assess and, most importantly, compare the level of their preparedness, because all graduates have equal rights when passing final exams and when entering a university or college?

In the list of USE terms, there are concepts " primary score" and " test score».

Primary score- this is preliminary score USE, which is obtained by direct summing up the number of correct answers, each of which has a certain coefficient. Each completed USE task is evaluated by a number of points from 1 to 6. Maximum amount primary points for all KIM tasks in different subjects ranges from 37 to 80. Primary USE scores are converted into test scores using the scaling technique.

Test scores- final scores based on the results of the Unified State Examination, which are set on a hundred-point scale as a result of a scaling procedure that takes into account all statistical materials obtained as part of the Unified State Examination of a given year. Test scores are different from primary scores.

scaling- this is the procedure for converting primary scores into test scores, the process of forming the rules for calculating test scores based on the results of exams based on statistical data.

The methodology for scaling the results of the USE used in 2012 implements a step-by-step establishment of correspondence between test and primary scores for each general education subject in which the USE is conducted.

I stage

First, in the range of primary scores from zero to the maximum primary score PBmax for each general education subject of the USE, two values ​​of primary scores are selected: PB1 and PB2, which separate groups of participants with different levels of training in this subject.

The value of PB1 is selected as the lowest primary score, the receipt of which indicates that the participant in the exam has mastered the basic concepts and methods in the relevant general education subject. It is determined on the basis of expertise demo version in this general educational subject by specialists general education, colleges and universities of various profiles from different subjects of the Russian Federation. The examination is carried out taking into account the level of complexity of each task and the significance of the content, ability, skill, method of activity checked by it in the context of a general educational subject. At the same time, the requirements for the value of BI1 correspond to the requirements that were used in determining the BI1 of the previous year (to ensure the equivalence of the two-year scales).

The value of PB2 is determined by the professional community as the lowest primary score, the receipt of which indicates high level preparation of the exam participant, namely, the presence of systemic knowledge, mastery of complex skills, the ability to perform creative tasks in the relevant general education subject.

If the specification of the examination option has not changed compared to the previous year, then PB1 and PB2 also remain unchanged. If the structure of the examination paper or the complexity of the tasks of control measuring materials have changed, then new values ​​​​of PB1 and PB2 are set, taking into account the existing changes.

II stage

PB1 and PB2 primary scores are matched with TB1 and TB2 test scores for each general education subject.

For mathematics and Russian language (required for passing the exam subjects) as TB1 values, the minimum USE test scores of 2012 are selected, established by the orders of Rosobrnadzor: mathematics - 24, Russian - 36. These values ​​​​coincide with the minimum scores of the USE 2011 in mathematics and Russian, respectively.

TB2 test scores for the Russian language and mathematics, as well as TB1 and TB2 test scores for other general education subjects (optional subjects) are set equal to the same scores in 2011. Table 1 presents the values ​​of BP1 and BP2, TB1 and TB2 for 2012.

It should be emphasized that the minimum test scores indicating the development of school course in subjects of choice, are established by Rosobrnadzor after the main exam and the receipt of statistical data on the used USE options 2012 and in some subjects may not coincide with TB1.

Table 1. Values ​​of boundary primary and test scores in 2012

Subject	PB1	TB1	PB2	TB2
Russian language	17	36	54	73
Maths	5	24	15	63
Social science	15	39	48	72
Story	13	32	46	72
Physics	12	39	33	62
Chemistry	14	36	58	80
Biology	17	36	60	79
Geography	14	37	44	69
Informatics	8	40	35	84
Foreign languages	16	20	65	82
Literature	8	32	36	73

Stage III

For each general education subject, the correspondence between the primary score and the test score is determined based on the following procedure. A primary score of 0 is assigned a test score of 0, and a maximum primary score of PBmax is assigned a test score of 100. All intermediate primary scores between 0, PB1, PB2 and PBmax are converted into test scores proportionally distributed between the corresponding values ​​of the test scores: 0, TB1, TB2 and 100. Figure 1 shows the resulting dependence.

Rice. 1. Correspondence between test and primary scores

If intermediate primary scores correspond to fractional test scores, then the test score is rounded up to the nearest higher whole number.

This procedure makes it possible to harmonize the test scores of equally trained participants in 2011 and 2012. and ensures comparative comparability of exam results over the years.

; primary and test scores? Let's find out!

The number of primary points varies in different subjects. Each completed USE task is estimated at 1 or more points. The sum of these scores is the primary score of the examination paper. Next, a correspondence is established between the primary and test scores (with the maximum test score always equal to 100).

The scale for converting primary scores into scaled scores depends on the complexity of the tasks and statistical analysis USE results for all exam participants and is calculated using a special computer program. This scale is not linear.

What is scaling?

To make it clearer, let's look at the basic terms.

scaling- this is the procedure for converting primary points into test points, the process of forming rules for calculating test points based on test results based on statistical data. You can learn more about the scaling methodology in this document.
What are primary and test scores?

Primary score is the sum of marks for completed tasks. At the same time, a correctly completed task of part A or B is estimated at 1 point, part C - up to 4 points.
Test score- this is a score on a hundred-point scale, obtained with the help of special statistical processing of the completed forms at the stage of final processing of the results.

Another feature of the conversion scale is that little change primary score at the ends of the scale (that is, with a primary score close to n, the primary score corresponds to 6 test scores in all subjects except foreign languages), while in the middle of the scale, a change in the primary score by 1 leads to a change in the test score by 1 or 2.

Why are 60 test points awarded for 63% of completed tasks?

The percentage of correctly completed tasks is the number of correctly (partially correct) completed tasks in relation to the maximum possible score for the test. The final (test) score is a score given taking into account the difficulty of completing each task, and is determined by a specialized procedure - scaling.

How is the final score determined?

The specification for each subject indicates how many primary points are awarded for each correctly completed KIM task. When processing the examination paper, the primary scores for correctly completed tasks are summed up. Transfer to test scores is carried out by a special program using the approved scaling methodology.

Verification and processing of the USE forms in the Russian language and mathematics in the region should be completed no later than 6 days, and in other subjects - 4 days after the corresponding exam.

How many days are exam papers checked?

The regional information processing center must complete the processing of the USE forms in the Russian language and mathematics no later than 6 days after the corresponding exam. The terms depend on the size of the subject of the Federation, the presence of remote territories, the number of participants. 2 more days of work are checked at the federal level. Thus, information about the results in the Russian language is communicated to the USE participants, as a rule, after 8-10 days.

When is the minimum number of points announced?

The minimum number of USE scores for each general education subject is announced by Rosobrnadzor 6-10 days after the USE.

Please note that this year, for the first time, the minimum scores before passing the Unified State Examination 2013 have been published!

How many points do you need to score in Russian to get a "troika"?

The minimum threshold that confirms successful delivery exam, in 2008 it was 40 points, in 2009 - 37 points. In 2012 and 2013, the minimum score in Russian was stopped at 36 test scores; (17 primary points).

In accordance with the current regulatory framework, since 2009 transfer of USE scores to a five-point system assessment, for putting a mark in the certificate is not carried out.

And if you didn’t get points in the Russian language or mathematics?

For a graduate to obtain a certificate, the results of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language and mathematics are important. Every year, during the main period of the USE (in May-June), after all USE participants pass the exam in the subject, Rosobrnadzor sets the minimum number of points. If you have achieved it, then you will receive a certificate. If a graduate does not gain the required minimum in one subject, then he can be retaken on reserve days (see section USE schedule). If the results are low both in the Russian language and in mathematics, a certificate is not issued. Such a graduate receives a certificate. You can retake the exams and get a certificate only next year.

When will individual USE results be known?

The terms and procedure for familiarizing with the results of the USE are determined by the education authority of the region, while it is established that the results of the USE should be communicated to the participants of the USE:
in the main terms no later than 3 working days from the date of issuance of the order of Rosobrnadzor on the establishment minimum quantity points in the relevant general education subject
in additional terms - within 3 days after the approval of the protocols of the results of the Unified State Examination of the SEC.

Where can I find the results of the exam?

A graduate of the current year learns the results of the Unified State Examination at his school, other participants of the Unified State Examination - in the PES or in another way, which is established in each region by the education authority. Information about the results of the exam is provided free of charge!

Are the USE scores converted into grades according to a 5-point system?

In accordance with the current regulatory framework, since 2009, the transfer of USE scores to a five-point assessment system has not been carried out. When conducting the exam, a hundred-point assessment system is used. It is envisaged to establish a minimum number of USE scores (minimum threshold) for each general education subject, confirming that the graduate has mastered the basic programs of secondary (complete) general education.

What is the maximum score?

The results of the exam are evaluated according to a hundred-point system. The maximum score for each subject is 100.

Will USE results be posted online?

The publication of the USE results at the federal level was tested during the experiment. Now, according to the current regulatory legal documents, subjects are responsible for informing USE participants about the results. Russian Federation. In some regions, a decision has been made to post the results of the exam on the Internet. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, such a decision has not yet been made.

We will be announced the number of points received, but how can we look at our work?

You can view your work when considering an appeal of disagreement with the scores. The conflict commission requests printed images of the examination work of the graduate who filed the appeal from the RCOI, which are then presented to the USE participant. Exam papers completed by USE participants are stored in the regional information processing center (RTsOI).

What does it mean to "receive information about the results of the exam"?

This means knowing the scores you got on the exam. Local self-government bodies of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation are responsible for notifying USE participants about the results of passing exams. The information scheme should be communicated to the participants in advance. A graduate of the current year learns the results of the Unified State Examination at his school, other participants of the Unified State Examination - in the PES or in another way, which is established in each region by the education authority. As a rule, this happens within 6-10 days after the exam.

The system for evaluating USE results is not easy: instead of the usual "fours" and "fives", you will encounter primary and test scores. What is the primary and test score is easy to understand. It is much more difficult to figure out exactly how the primary scores are converted into test scores.

Primary and test USE score: definitions

Primary score- this is preliminary USE score. The primary score is obtained by summing the grades for correctly completed tasks. For example, a correctly completed task of Part A or Part B is worth 1 point, Part C - up to 6 points. The maximum number of primary points for all tasks of control measuring materials (CMM) in different subjects ranges from 39 to 80 points.

Test score- this is final USE score. It is obtained from the primary using a special table. Each year, each subject has its own special table.

Example: in 2013, a graduate received a primary score of 35 on the Unified State Examination in history. According to the table, his test score will be 58 / And his deskmate, passing the same story, received one primary score more - 36. His test score on the table will already be 60.

The number of test scores to be strived for must be above the minimum set for this subject. But, as a rule, graduates who are going to receive higher education, know in advance how many test scores you need to score to enter the university for the chosen specialty, since universities publish this information.

Converting primary scores to test scores

As we have already said, there are tables for converting primary scores into test scores. The USE assessment system is such that even knowing your primary score, a graduate will not be able to accurately determine his test score on his own, since new tables are compiled every year. It takes 6-8 days to convert primary points into test points.

However, in fairness, it should be noted that the tables different years do not differ very much: for some subjects, the number of test scores remains the same, for some it changes by 2-3.

Unified exam implements a nationwide competition of knowledge. The smartest get the maximum points and 100 points. To evaluate all other participants in the exam, theories are built, graphs and distributions are drawn. This is a very fruitful and interesting topic.

This section will highlight scaling, theoretical background assessments in the exam. All information is presented in an accessible form, and tabular data is taken from official sites. We apologize in advance for the fact that the inserted pictures and materials sometimes contain errors of the original source, we will not correct them, respecting the copyright and other rights of the original sources.

We will pay the most attention practical advice and recommendations. The exam can be passed a score higher than the "average student with this level of knowledge." "How to do it?", "Why will these techniques work?" - you will see it for yourself.

scaling

When conducting the exam, many graduates from different educational institutions participate in the exam. They have a completely different level of training: from the winners of the Olympiads to the "triples". In this regard, the question arises, how to objectively assess and, most importantly, compare the level of their preparedness, because all graduates have equal rights when passing final exams and when entering a university or secondary school?

Scaling is a procedure for converting primary scores into test scores.

It is necessary to understand the difference between the concepts of "primary score" and "test score".

The primary score is a preliminary USE score, which is obtained by directly summing up the number of correct answers, each of which has a certain coefficient. Primary score for different items, usually different. For example, in mathematics it is 30, and in Russian - 64

The test score is the final score that the USE participant according to the results of the exam. Maximum test score for all items - 100.

Each completed USE task is evaluated by a number of points from 1 to 6. The sum of these points is the primary score of the examination paper.

Here is a table in which you will see how many primary points and for which tasks it is set:

Next, a correspondence is established between the primary and test scores. The scale for converting primary scores into test scores is built using a special technique, taking into account the properties of control measuring materials in subjects.

Obviously, this scale preserves the orderliness of individual results, that is, a higher primary score will correspond to a larger test score, and equal test scores to equal primary scores.

A feature of the transfer scale is that the change in the test score when changing the primary depends on total amount primary points. This change will be somewhat greater if the participant received either a low primary score, or, conversely, a fairly high one. Moreover, the boundaries of the intervals on which these differences appear are published in advance in the specified methodology. Within the intervals themselves, the change in the test score when the primary one changes will be almost constant (fluctuations of 1 point can only occur due to the fact that the number of test scores in the interval is not a multiple of the number of primary ones).

It must be remembered that the test score is NOT the percentage of correctly completed tasks.

Here is a table of correspondence between the primary and test scores for the USE in mathematics 2011:

Primary score	Test score, 2011	Number of students
		people	%	accumulated %
0	0	2 894	0.4	0.4
1	6	7 787	1.1	1.4
2	12	14 052	1.9	3.3
3	18	20 916	2.8	6.2
4	24	29 328	4.0	10.1
5	30	39 723	5.4	15.5
6	34	49 641	6.7	22.2
7	38	56 714	7.7	29.9
8	41	62 099	8.4	38.3
9	45	65 158	8.8	47.1
10	49	66 817	9.0	56.2
11	52	66 308	9.0	65.2
12	56	61 565	8.3	73.5
13	60	50 316	6.8	80.3
14	63	40 441	5.5	85.8
15	66	28 186	3.8	89.6
16	68	20 654	2.8	92.4
17	70	15 812	2.1	94.5
18	73	10 400	1.4	95.9
19	75	8 340	1.1	97.1
20	77	5 638	0.8	97.8
21	80	4 397	0.6	98.4
22	82	3 247	0.4	98.9
23	84	2 462	0.3	99.2
24	87	1 861	0.3	99.5
25	89	1 399	0.2	99.6
26	91	977	0.1	99.8
27	94	737	0.1	99.9
28	96	401	0.1	99.9
29	98	271	0.0	100.0
30	100	205	0.0	100.0
		738 746

This table also shows the number and percentage of students who scored a certain test score.