How many hours of physical education. The maximum number of lessons in the school. What are the norms for the maximum load on students
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distribution information study load in general education schools The regional department of the department posted on its website.
Since the beginning of the school year, the department has received many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the workload of students in schools, the report says. Hygienic requirements for educational process in schools are regulated by the document “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions».
The number of hours allotted for classroom and extracurricular activities should not in aggregate exceed the maximum weekly load.
In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions operating in two shifts, teaching of the first, fifth, final ninth and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should also be organized in the first shift.
The volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:
- for first grade students - no more than four lessons and one day a week - no more than five lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;
- for students of the second-fourth grades - no more than five lessons and six lessons once a week at the expense of a physical education lesson during a six-day school week;
- for students of the fifth-sixth grades - no more than six lessons;
- for students of the seventh-eleventh grades - no more than seven lessons.
Scientific research has established that the optimal level of mental performance in school-age children falls on the interval of 10:00 - 12:00. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for first-grade students, the most difficult subjects must be taught in the second lesson; second-fourth grades - at the second-third lessons; for students of the fifth-eleventh grades - in the second-fourth lessons.
The mental performance of schoolchildren is not the same different days weeks. The level of efficiency increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning of the school week, on Monday, and at the end, that is, on Friday. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday or Wednesday.
The duration of the lesson in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of the first class. The training of "first-graders" should be carried out in compliance with additional requirements:
- training sessions are held on a five-day school week and only on the first shift;
- a "stepped" training mode is used: in September, October - three lessons a day for 35 minutes each, in November-December - four lessons for 35 minutes each; in January-May - four lessons of 45 minutes each;
- training is carried out without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;
- additional weekly holidays are introduced in the middle of the third quarter under the traditional mode of study.
The duration of the breaks between lessons should be at least ten minutes; to organize the nutrition of children after the second and third lessons, two breaks of 20 minutes each are set.
To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, it is recommended to conduct at least three physical education lessons per week. Physical education is recommended to be placed among the last lessons. After them, there are no lessons with written assignments and tests.
The agency clarifies that in case of violation of these requirements in schools, you can apply in writing to the Rospotrebnadzor department for the Tomsk region: the institution will be checked for compliance with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.
The Public Chamber of the Russian Federation reviewed the concept of modernization of the subject "Physical Education". The document is supposed to be sent to the government by the end of 2017. After the concept is approved, it is planned to be implemented within a three-year period. But schoolchildren will be able to attend the first physical education lessons of the new format at the end of the school year.
Since 2010, the third hour of physical education has been introduced in schools by increasing the maximum allowable weekly educational load. Physical education also received the status of the main subject general education, therefore, it is impossible to replace this third hour, for example, with a foreign language or mathematics.
What to devote the third hour to is at the discretion of the school. For example, many educational institutions in the Moscow region have introduced chess lessons on a permanent basis. Sambo, rugby, rhythmic gymnastics have become no less popular "substitutes" for the standard approach to physical education lessons.
Now in domestic pedagogy there are two approaches to the subject, both have their pros and cons. The first is academic, which focuses on different types warm-ups, passing standards, crosses, conducts theoretical lessons on healthy eating and healthy lifestyle. Another approach implies that physical education is a time of entertainment and outdoor games in which you can let off steam after a long sitting at your desk.
At the same time, in both cases, the lessons lack attention to the characteristics of the child's body at a certain age, experts admit.
“Education does not allow modern teachers to teach high-quality, for example, gymnastics in elementary grades. Therefore, the lessons are held in a game direction. Children come to the lesson, they are given a ball, they are shown the ring, and then they are already trying to develop themselves. And absolutely not at that time, ”said Irina Chernyshkova, Honored Coach of Russia. Often there is such a scientific and pedagogical error when
children are required to develop strength and endurance, while, according to scientists, these physical qualities begin to develop at a later age, the expert adds.
The concept takes into account at what period of growing up what qualities children need to develop. Yes, for preschool education the norm will be considered the performance of gymnastic exercises through games. AT primary school the guys will already be able to start doing basic gymnastics exercises, the games will become educational. Basic general education will include such a set of exercises that will allow adolescents to improve their physical qualities, such as flexibility, coordination and strength development, and secondary general education will develop endurance, physical improvement.
In addition to the distribution of types of load by age, the concept also takes into account the general physiological development of children. The participants in the discussion noted that the physical condition of the younger generation is significantly reduced. Most students have poorly developed flexibility and coordination abilities, and according to doctors, this is an indicator of aging, since insufficiently developed motor skills are a tool negative impact on brain development.
However, changes in physical education lessons will affect not only children, but also adults. In particular, the concept provides for work with parents, who should not by all means protect the child from the satrap-physical teacher, but, on the contrary, encourage the student to go to school. According to the authors of the concept, it is necessary to work with doctors who write out certificates for exemption from physical education too easily. And this, according to experts, undermines the significance of this subject.
Particular attention, of course, is paid to physical education teachers.
The priority for him, according to the concept, should be not so much teaching the exercises as learning how to perform these exercises correctly so that the child does not get injured.
It should be taken into account that 211 children died during physical education lessons last year alone. However, according to Education Minister Olga Vasilyeva, the reason is not the qualifications of teachers, but the fact that schools do not have access to students' medical records and are not always aware of any risk factors.
“In physical education classes, injuries really often occur,” Viktor Panin, chairman of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of the Rights of Consumers of Educational Services, explained to Gazeta.Ru. “Recently, there was only a story of this kind:
a child was hit in the head with a ball during a physical education lesson. She generally had an exemption from the lesson, she sat on the bench, and the guys played volleyball. At the same time, as is often the case, the teacher looked in the other direction altogether.
Unfortunately, she did not say anything to the teacher, did not go to the doctor, and it turned out at home, so it was already difficult to figure it out. Actually, this is what usually happens: the teacher does not comply with the safety requirements in the classroom - either does not have the appropriate qualifications, or is simply negligent in the performance of his duties. And children are children. With improper use of sports equipment and without the supervision of a teacher, the risk of injury is very high.
According to Panin, the installation of cameras in gyms can help reduce injuries in physical education classes. “There are cameras in many schools, they were installed before the elections.
But, as a rule, they are installed either in the corridors or in separate classrooms. I believe that it would be worth considering this issue as part of the introduction of the concept, as this would contribute to the growth of discipline in physical education classes - both on the part of the teacher and on the part of the children, ”the expert said.
President of the All-Russian Education Fund Sergey Komkov believes that modern schools lack qualified teachers physical education.
“We have long had a question about the level of training of such teachers, because our pedagogical universities have very sharply lowered the bar.
Physical education teacher training programs require a very serious revision,” he explained to Gazeta.Ru.
In addition, schools lack very serious medical control during physical education classes, Komkov believes. A medical worker must work together with the teacher, because physical education is always associated with a certain risk, regardless of whether it is games or passing standards.
“Another point is the material equipment of the halls and everything related to the conduct of physical education lessons. We are sorely lacking normal gyms. Schools are being built, but they are often rented out without appropriate complexes - gaming, sports, for elementary lessons morning exercises,” added the president of the All-Russian Education Fund.
4.6 (92.38%) 21 vote[s]One of the problems of our time: what is more important for the child - the study load or all the same childhood? And how to put it all together.
The teaching load on schoolchildren of general education schools is carried out on the basis of Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SANPIN 2.4.2.1178-02(with changes and additions)
In accordance with the above standards, the permissible weekly workload in hours for schoolchildren is:
Grade 1 - 20 hours with a 5-day week;
2 - 4 classes - 25 hours for a 6-day week and 22 hours for a 5-day week;
Grade 5 - 31 hours for a 6-day week and 28 hours for a 5-day week;
Grade 6 - 32 hours for a 5-day week and 29 hours for a 5-day week;
Grade 7 - 34 hours for a 6-day week and 31 hours for a 5-day week;
8 - 9 classes - 35 hours for a 6-day week and 32 hours for a 5-day week;
10-11 grades 36 hours for a 6-day week and 33 hours for a 5-day week.
With a 35-minute lesson in grades 2-4, the maximum allowable weekly load for a 6-day school week is 27 hours, for a 5-day school week - 25 hours.
The duration of a lesson for a student should not exceed 45 minutes.
Education of schoolchildren in the 1st grade should be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:
- training sessions are held only in the first shift;
— 5-day training week;
- organization of light school day in the middle of the school week;
- no more than 4 lessons per day;
- the duration of the lessons - no more than 35 minutes;
- organization in the middle of the school day of a dynamic pause lasting at least 40 minutes;
— the use of a "stepped" mode of training in the first half of the year;
– organization of daytime sleep, 3 meals a day and walks for children attending an extended day group;
- training without homework and scoring of students' knowledge;
- additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter.
For health purposes and to facilitate the process of adaptation of children to the requirements of a general education institution in the 1st grade, a “stepped” method of gradually increasing the study load for a student is used:
- in September, October - 3 lessons of 35 minutes each;
- from the second quarter - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each.
Classes should start no earlier than 8 hours, without zero lessons.
In educational institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.
In general educational institutions working in several shifts, education of 1st, 5th, graduation and compensatory classes should be organized in the first shift.
When using computer technology in the classroom, the continuous duration of classes directly with the video display terminal (VDT) and the implementation of preventive measures must comply with hygiene requirements applied to video display terminals and personal electronic computers. After classes with VDT, it is necessary to carry out gymnastics for the eyes, which is performed at the workplace
In the classroom, work should alternate tasks of various nature. You should not perform one type of activity in the lesson throughout the entire time of independent work.
Total duration practical work for students in grades 1-2 - 20-25 minutes, for students in grades 3-4 - 30-35 minutes.
The duration of continuous work with paper, cardboard, fabric for first graders is no more than 5 minutes, for students in 2 - 3 - 5 - 7 minutes, for students in 4 - 10 minutes, and when working with wood and wire - no more 45 minutes.
The duration of practical work in labor lessons for schoolchildren in grades 5-7 should not exceed 65% of the class time. The duration of continuous work on the main labor operations for students in the 5th grade is no more than 10 minutes, in the 6th - 12 minutes, in the 7th - 16 minutes.
Hours of optional, group and individual lessons must be included in the maximum allowable load.
The schedule of lessons is compiled separately for compulsory and optional classes. Extracurricular activities should be scheduled on the days with the fewest compulsory lessons.
Between the start of electives and last lesson compulsory classes, a break of 45 minutes is arranged.
There are no double lessons in the elementary grades. For schoolchildren in grades 5-9, dual lessons are allowed for laboratory, control works, lessons of labor, physical education for the intended purpose (skiing, swimming). Double lessons in basic and specialized subjects for students in grades 5-9 are allowed provided that they are carried out after a physical education lesson or a dynamic pause of at least 30 minutes. In grades 10-11, dual lessons are allowed in basic and specialized subjects.
The duration of breaks between lessons should be at least 10 minutes, a long break (after 2 or 3 lessons) - 30 minutes: instead of one big break, it is allowed to arrange two breaks of 20 minutes each after 2 and 3 lessons. Changes must be carried out with the maximum use of fresh air, in outdoor games. When conducting a daily dynamic pause, it is allowed to extend the long break up to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes are allotted for the organization of motor active activities for students on the sports ground of the institution, in the gym or in recreations equipped with simulators.
Homework is given to schoolchildren, taking into account the possibility of their completion within the following limits: in the 1st grade (from the second half of the year) - up to 1 hour, in the 2nd - up to 1.5 hours, in the 3rd - 4th - up to 2 hours, in 5 - 6th - up to 2.5 hours, at 7 - 8th - up to 3 hours, at 9 - 11th - up to 4 hours.
Does it remain in 2016-2017 academic year for students primary school 3 hours of physical education in the curriculum?
Answer
The third hour of physical culture can be held as part of extracurricular activities. For classes that have not switched to , the organization of the third obligatory hour of physical culture is carried out taking into account the regional BUP within the framework of the current legislation
In 2010, by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 30, 2010 No. 889 in the federal basic curriculum (hereinafter - BUP) and approximate curricula for general educational organizations (hereinafter - GEP), the third obligatory hour of physical culture was fixed in order to increase the volume motor activity students, development of their physical qualities, improvement of physical fitness, instilling skills healthy lifestyle life.
"Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions", approved. Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 No. 189 (hereinafter - SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10) regulated the norms for the use of sports facilities, places of physical culture and sports (clause 3.4), offered recommendations for holding events in the fresh air, .
In accordance with the minutes of the meeting of the expert council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated November 2, 2011 No. 2 and December 21, 2011 No. 3, a number of educational programs, allowing to expand the basic content of physical education lessons (programs for mini-table tennis, fitness aerobics, etc.).
The third mandatory hour of physical culture was introduced by increasing the maximum allowable weekly load by one hour. It was forbidden to replace physical education lessons with other subjects.
The situation has changed in connection with 2.4.2.2821-10, approved. Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 24.11. 2015 No. 81. According to this edition, it is allowed to organize physical education classes as part of extracurricular activities of students.
Paragraph 10.20 of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 received the following wording: "To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 training sessions physical culture (in lesson and extracurricular form ) per week, provided for in the volume of the total weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical education classes with other subjects.".
The indicated change is predominantly related to the PEP developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education, since the very concept of extracurricular activities is regulated only by the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education and is not included in the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. For classes that have not switched to the Federal State Educational Standard, the organization of the third obligatory hour of physical culture is carried out taking into account the regional BUP within the framework of the current legislation.
Actual now:
