Front-line everyday life of the fighters of the Guards Artillery Division of the RGK breakthrough (10 photos). Military formations 12th artillery division

Next, you will find the memories of one soldier of the Guards Artillery Division of the RGK breakthrough, who talks about the difficult life of his colleagues during the Great Patriotic War. Most of the events described below refer to 1944.

The formation of the division was preceded by an amnesty, and for several weeks ex-convicts entered our battery every day. In my calculation, for example, out of eight people, five arrived directly from prison, where they were serving sentences for stealing several kilograms of grain, a bucket of potatoes and other, most often food products.
A month later, at the front, when we got to know each other better, I realized that most of these guys were good people who conscientiously carry out a difficult soldier's service.

Soldiers quickly learned to cut down on earthworks. Considering that it was never necessary to shoot in all directions, the size of the trench for the gun was reduced, and the full depth was made only under the wheels of the howitzer. Ditches for shelter were not dug at all or only one was made instead of two.
The trench for the car was built in such a way as to cover the engine with a radiator in front, and only the wheels in the back. All these tricks, although they were a violation of the charter, were fully justified, especially when there were not enough people in the calculations. And so it was almost always. A month later, the equipment of the firing position took no more than five hours. Learned. And they became much less tired. In addition to excavation and construction work, the crew spent a lot of time cleaning the howitzer. Cleaned it regularly after every shooting, after rain and after driving down a dusty road. It always seemed to us that such cleanliness was superfluous. However, Lieutenant Lenorovsky steadily forced us to deal with this matter. One day, a group of psychologists appeared on the battery who worked at an artillery factory that produces our howitzers. For several days they closely watched how we fired and maintained the guns, and in the end they recognized the work as good. For this Lenorovsky and we were thanked.

Much less attention was paid to personal weapons - carbines and PPSh. For a year and a half, we have never used them for their intended purpose, except for training firing and firing at tin cans. Nobody took into account the cartridges, and I'm not at all sure that all the soldiers had them. So when meeting with the enemy, the position of the calculation could be critical. Fortunately, nothing of the sort happened. In our regiment, the life of officers differed markedly from the life of privates. Separate dugouts were built for them. Their rations were much better than the soldier's, and allowance allowed certain privileges. Relations with subordinates were determined not only by the charter, but to a greater extent by the character and upbringing of the officer. And they were different. Lieutenant Lenorovsky, senior at the battery, was polite and addressed everyone only as "you". He gave orders in a low voice, almost in a pleading tone. He also wore thin metal-rimmed glasses. According to the unanimous opinion of his subordinates, he was an Intelligent with a capital letter. It was difficult for him to get along with people, not allowing any familiarity even with the commander of the second platoon, with whom he lived in the same dugout. He was fair and did not interfere in the affairs of others, but always demanded the unconditional execution of orders, while showing, it seemed, excessive pedantry. Still, the soldiers loved him. They were not afraid, did not respect, but simply loved how good man. Apparently, that's what he was.
High professional quality and good relationship with privates and junior commanders were noticed by the authorities. Behind Last year he was promoted twice. Lenorovsky ended the war as a major, chief of staff of the regiment.

The commander of the second platoon, junior lieutenant Malakhov, was completely different. Poorly educated, arrogant, and fond of drinking, he did not seek good relations with the junior staff and always took the opportunity to show his superiority and, as it seemed to him, wit. By the end of winter, the activity of hostilities increased markedly, and we began to suffer significant losses. The battery commander was gone, instead of whom our senior lieutenant Lenorovsky was appointed. The commander of the second platoon, Malakhov, was also wounded. For several days there was not a single officer at the firing position, and I was appointed to act as commander of the first platoon. At the same time, we had to cross the Dnieper on the outskirts of the city of Rechitsa, and for almost two days we were not brought food. Somehow, towards the end of the day, three unfamiliar junior lieutenants appeared on the battery, and I immediately demanded their documents. It turned out that after graduating from the artillery school they were sent to our unit. The officers asked me to immediately take them to the headquarters of the regiment. However, it was already getting dark, and the headquarters was a few kilometers from our positions, and I refused, offering to spend the night with us. The lieutenants reluctantly agreed, and we parted them in dugouts.

A very young black-haired guy got into my calculation. Going down to the dugout, he said that his name was Sahakyan, then he shook hands with everyone, opened his duffel bag and laid out an officer's ration on the spread overcoat - a loaf of bread, a couple of cans of American stew and a small jar of some jam, and then pulled out two more big bulbs. The hungry soldiers silently looked at the actions of the junior lieutenant and looked inquiringly at me. And Sahakyan took out a knife, opened tin cans, cut bread and onions, and with a wave of his hand invited the soldiers to start eating. A second invitation was not required, although Haroche warned the guest that we would not have breakfast. The guy just shrugged it off. After a snack, the satisfied soldiers asked Sahakyan about his family, talked a little more and went to bed, giving him the best place by the stove. And in the morning I instructed the commander of the second gun and Haroche to take the junior lieutenants to headquarters. After about a couple of hours, the division commander appeared on the battery and introduced us to the new senior on the battery, who was yesterday's acquaintance. Later, Sahakyan told me that he asked for it himself. Both he and we were pleased with this appointment. And soon all the other firemen were convinced that a good commander had come to us.

Even when sent to the front, gas masks were issued to all personnel of our unit. No one, of course, wore them, and no one demanded it. In our calculation, they were packed into a box from under the shells and quietly rusted there. Then, instead of a foreman, a young junior lieutenant, who had just graduated from a chemical school, was sent to the division as a chemical instructor. The new "chemist" first of all demanded to get gas masks, clean them and wear them constantly. Of course, this team was met with hostility. Firstly, there was no smell of gas, and secondly, it was simply pointless to carry a long-rusted gas mask. And so, after another skirmish with a chemical instructor, I put a box of gas masks under the wheels of the Studebaker with my own hands when he backed away to pick up the gun. Maybe everything went quietly if I had not shared my "experience" with other crew commanders. The case became public, the chemical instructor complained to the divisional political officer, I was reprimanded, and admission to the party was postponed for two months.

Many of our officers wore fashionable narrow-nosed chrome boots. And the soldier sewed them from my calculation. A dapper junior lieutenant from a nearby battery asked me to send a shoemaker to him. I did not mind, but warned that the soldier was busy now and would not be able to start work until a couple of days later. The junior lieutenant took it as an insult, began to swear, and then hit me. Of course, I did not remain in debt. We've been torn apart. The officer's act was discussed at the party committee of the brigade, and I do not know its decision, but my actions were considered at the party bureau of the division. The political officer and another member of the party bureau insisted on a severe reprimand with entry on the registration card, while party organizer Lubyanov, the gunner Garoche and ... I, recently elected to the party bureau in place of the deceased comrade, came out for a reprimand without entry on the card. The majority proposal passed.

The deputy commander of the division for political affairs, Captain Plyushch, remained in the same rank for almost a year and a half. He received the star of a major only shortly before the end of the war. His main job was to read the newspapers to the soldiers, conduct political talks and analyze various minor incidents, which he often turned into significant events. He was a great confusion. At first, he was still entrusted with some tasks, but, convinced of his stupidity, the division commander waved his hand, and, as the peasants say, he ended up in loose content. The captain did not interfere in military affairs, and to the best of his ability he was engaged in the political education of the personnel in good faith. And he was also a coward and at the very first shot of our guns or enemy cannons he immediately disappeared into his dugout dugout. And this caused ridicule of the soldiers. Sometimes, to amuse himself, at night the sentry threw one or two grenades at the political officer's dugout, and in the morning in his presence everyone, choking with laughter, discussed the night "shelling". The captain probably did not fully understand everything. The party organizer Lubyanov stopped these jokes, who shamed the pranksters and forbade such fun. Shortly after the first meeting with the allies, the political officer decided to reveal to the soldiers the true face of the Americans. He said something like this:
- Look, there is an American soldier standing in front of you. He has a flask of rum on his belt, a bar of chocolate in his pocket, and only women in his head...

Our chef did not shine with culinary art and did not indulge us with variety. Most often, he cooked one dish - something like porridge with stew. In the morning - thicker, in the afternoon - thinner. In the morning - a flat bowler hat for three, in the afternoon - for two. In addition, we received a loaf of bread a day for three and a few lumps of sugar. Sometimes, instead of hot food, we were given dry rations - a 500-gram can of stew for four people, bread and sugar. In general, it was possible to live, and besides the official rations, the crews got something edible. In the cold season, these were most often killed horses. The gunner Haroche was a specialist in butchering horse carcasses. As soon as someone reported that he saw a killed horse, Haroche took an ax and after a while returned with a bucket full of red meat. It was first washed from blood, and then boiled, slightly covered with water, over low heat. Since no one stocked up on the front line, five or six people ate a bucket of meat in one sitting. And after that, a benevolent mood set in and most of the soldiers, having smoked, fell asleep.

In addition to horsemeat, the good hunter Malinin brought us great joy, several times bringing hares, hazel grouse, and once he even dragged a boar thirty kilograms. Now that was a real feast. Later, on the territory of Poland, one of the nimble guys brought home a pig, a goose or chickens. It cannot be said that we looted a lot, but stealing any living creature from a farmer was not considered particularly shameful. Moreover, it was not at all necessary to inform the authorities about this. Moreover, some officers even sent their orderlies themselves to get something tasty. The accents have changed. If in the rear it was considered the limit of happiness to acquire a few potatoes or a piece of cake, then at the front they mainly hunted for meat, and even delicious. And those hungry days that accompanied the transfer of the regiment from one place to another were quickly forgotten and did not leave tragic memories in memory. But the resulting delicacy, for example, a pig's ear, fried with a blowtorch, was remembered much longer. Or maybe one of the old soldiers still remembers." - from the memoirs of S. Stopalov, Sergeant of the 22nd Gomel Red Banner Artillery Division of the RGK breakthrough.

With Idelnikov Vasily Mikhailovich - commander of the firing platoon of the 1007th light artillery regiment of the 46th light artillery brigade of the 12th artillery division of the RGK breakthrough of the 4th artillery corps of the RGK breakthrough of the 65th Army of the Belorussian Front, foreman.

Born March 13, 1921 in the village of Yurt-Konstantinovka, now the Yashkinsky district Kemerovo region in a peasant family. Russian. Hero's older brother Soviet Union P.M. Sidelnikov. Graduated from the Tomsk Pedagogical College. He worked as a teacher in the villages of Tuginka and Svistunovka, Chulymsky district Novosibirsk region, then director of school number 40 in the city of Chulym, Novosibirsk region.

He was drafted into the Red Army by the Chulymsky district military registration and enlistment office in 1940. At the front in the Great Patriotic War since December 1942. Member of the CPSU (b).

Commander of the fire platoon of the 1007th Light Artillery Regiment (46th Light Artillery Brigade, 12th Artillery Division, 4th Artillery Breakthrough Corps, 65th Army, Belorussian Front), Petty Officer Vasily Sidelnikov fought valiantly against the enemy during the liberation Ukrainian SSR and eastern regions Byelorussian SSR. So, on October 27, 1943, near the village of Zhilichi, Bragin district, Gomel region, he personally destroyed 2 enemy tanks. During the Gomel-Rechitsa offensive operation on November 16, 1943, near the village of Uborok, Gomel region, a platoon under his command destroyed a mortar battery, 3 machine-gun points and up to an enemy platoon. A few days later, in the battle for the Yashchino junction in the Gomel region, a platoon of V. Sidelnikov suppressed a German mortar battery and destroyed 4 machine-gun points.

On December 21, 1943, in the area of ​​​​the village of Gorokhovichi, Kalinkovichi district, Gomel region of the Byelorussian SSR, with a platoon entrusted to him, repelled a massive attack of up to 40 enemy tanks with an infantry battalion. In this battle, he destroyed seven enemy tanks and big number enemy infantry. Sergeant Major Sidelnikov V.M. was seriously wounded in the thigh, but did not leave the battery position, continuing to lead his fire platoon. When many soldiers of the platoon failed, and the enemy tanks continued to attack, overcoming pain, he stood up to the gun for the gunner and knocked out his last enemy tank. He died a heroic death in this battle - he died from a direct hit by a projectile in a gun at the time of a fire combat with another tank. He was buried at the battle site - in the village of Gorokhovichi. In 1957 he was reburied in mass grave years in the village of Lyuban in the Oktyabrsky district of the Gomel region of Belarus.

At order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 29, 1944 for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against fascist german invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time to the foreman Sidelnikov Vasily Mikhailovich posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin (03/29/1944, posthumously), the Red Star (01/10/1944), the medal "For Courage" (07/19/1943).

In the city of Chulym, Novosibirsk Region, near the building of school No. 40, an obelisk was erected in memory of the Hero, and a memorial plaque was placed on the building of the Yurt-Konstantinovsky School in the Kemerovo Region. A street in the urban-type settlement of Yashkino, Kemerovo Region, a state farm settlement, a school in the village of Yurt-Konstantinovka, Yashkinsky District, Kemerovo Region, and school No. 4 in the urban-type settlement of Yashkino were named after the Heroes of the Soviet Union, the Sidelnikov brothers.

MILITARY FORMATIONS- military units, organizationally independent tactical and administrative units maintained according to the established staff. During the Great Patriotic War, fully equipped rifle divisions went from Zlatoust to the active army: the 381st, 162nd, 171st, 93rd, four artillery divisions of the breakthrough of the Reserve of the High Command, the 1163rd, 1164th howitzer-artillery regiments, ski battalions. Information about F. in. are given according to the time of formation of divisions and regiments in Zlatoust and its environs. 381st rifle division formed in October 1941 in Zlatoust. As part of the 39th Army of the Kalinin Front, she fought near Rzhev, was surrounded. November 1942-January 1943 - in the 3rd shock army, distinguished herself in the Velikoluksky operation, for which she was awarded the gratitude of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, and the 1259th regiment of the division awarded the order Red Banner. Then - on the Leningrad front. For courage and heroism in breaking through the enemy defenses on the Karelian Isthmus, the division was given the honorary title "Leningrad", and the 935th Artillery Regiment was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. After the liberation of Leningrad, she participated in the Mlavsko-Elbing, East Pomeranian and Berlin operations. Victory Day met as the 381st Rifle Leningrad Red Banner Division. She was commanded at various times by: Colonel B. S. Maslov (1943), Colonel L. L. Shchetinin (1944), Major General A. V. Yakushev (until the end of the war). 171st Rifle Division (second formation). Its regiments were formed in December 1941 - February 1942. in Zlatoust, Kuvashi, Kus, Medvedevka, Black River region. On February 23, 1942, the regiments of the division took the oath in Zlatoust at the red banner, presented to them by the team of workers of the metallurgical plant. As part of the 3rd shock army, they received a baptism of fire in the Demyansk offensive operation. She fought on the 2nd Baltic and 1st Belorussian fronts, liberated Nevel, Idritsa, East Prussia , Pankov and Berlin. The fighters of the division, together with the forward detachments of the 150th Infantry Division, stormed the Reichstag and hoisted the Banner of Victory over it. 6 fighters and commanders of the 171st were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. At the end of the war, the division was called: 171st Idritsko-Berlinskaya Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov Division. It was commanded from Zlatoust to Berlin by Colonel AI Negoda. In December 1992, a memorial plaque in honor of the division was opened in Zlatoust on the building of the former headquarters of the 171st division (14 Kosoturskaya St.). 162nd Rifle Division (second formation). She began to be completed in May 1942 in the Zlatoust area. It became part of the 70th Army, from the Ural Military District sent to the Central Front, where it participated in the Battle of Kursk. She took with the battle of the city: Novgorod-Seversky, Rechitsa, Prehlau, Berlin. Fought with the Nazis on the South-Western, 2nd Belorussian fronts. At the end of the war, it became known as the 162nd Infantry Novgorod-Severskaya Red Banner, Order of the Suvorov Division. In its ranks, 5 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 3 full cavaliers of the Orders of Glory, Hero of Socialist Labor grew up. Commanders of the 162nd - Colonel S. I. Chernyak, A. O. Muratov. 93rd Guards Rifle Division (see 97th Separate Rifle Brigade). The 12th breakthrough artillery division of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command was completed in January - July 1943 in Zlatoust, Kuvashi, Chebarkul, Medvedevka. It consisted of brigades: 11th mortar, 41st cannon artillery, 46th light artillery, 89th heavy howitzer artillery of high power. In the Berlin operation, the 41st Guards Mortar Brigade was included in the division. She fought on the Kursk Bulge, liberated the cities and villages of Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, took Berlin. She was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner, Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree. Honorary titles were awarded to the brigades: 104th - Prague, 46th - Radom, 41st - Poznan. The division commander is Major General of Artillery M.N. Kurkhovsky. The division brought up 7 Heroes of the Soviet Union and 3 full holders of the Orders of Glory (including the turner of shop No. 14 of the Zlatoust plant named after V.I. Lenin P.I. Pospelov). The 16th breakthrough artillery division of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command was formed in January 1943 in Zlatoust, Chebarkul, Medvedevka and Kuvashi. Brigades of the division: 14th mortar, 49th light artillery, 52nd howitzer artillery, 61st cannon artillery, 90th heavy howitzer artillery, 109th howitzer artillery - fought near Belgorod and on Left-bank Ukraine, participated in the Kirovograd, Korsun-Shevchenkovsky, Uman-Botoshansky, Iasi-Chisinau, Budapest, Bratislava-Brnovskaya operations. The division was awarded the honorary title "Kirovogradskaya", the 61st cannon and 14th mortar brigades - "Ploeshtinskaya", the 52nd and 109th howitzer - "Budapestskaya", the 49th light artillery - "Bratislava". The pupils of the division are 6 Heroes of the Soviet Union. On the different stages combat operations of the division was commanded by: Colonel V. V. Nilov, Major General N. A. Gusarov, Colonel A. I. Strok, Lieutenant General of Artillery N. S. Petrov. The 18th breakthrough artillery division of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command was formed in January 1943 in Zlatoust, Chebarkul, Kuvashi and Medvedevka. Here the 2nd, 3rd, 80th heavy howitzer, 58th and 120th howitzer, 65th light artillery, 42nd mortar brigades were equipped and prepared for future battles. The baptism of fire of the division took place near Leningrad in January 1944, where it was awarded the name "Gatchinskaya", and its brigades - "Narvskaya" (65th light artillery and 42nd mortar). Later, the brigades also received the title: the 58th howitzer - "Tallinn", the heavy howitzer - "Pomeranian". The division fought as part of the 2nd shock, 42nd and 8th armies of the Leningrad Front, the 8th Guards Army of the 1st Belorussian, 70th and 65th armies of the 2nd Belorussian fronts, liberated the Leningrad region and Karelia, Estonia , crossed the Elbe, took Berlin. In its ranks there are 11 Heroes of the Soviet Union, including the permanent commander of the division, Major General of Artillery B. I. Koznov. The 9th breakthrough artillery division of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command was formed in July 1943 in Zlatoust, Medvedevka, Chebarkul, Kuvashi. The division consisted of brigades: 23rd howitzer, 26th light, 30th, 115th and 123rd cannon, 113th howitzer of high power, 10th mortar brigades. Vela fighting in Ukraine, liberating the towns and villages of Donetsk, Kharkov, Zaporozhye and Odessa regions; in Moldova, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria. Awarded the name "Zaporozhskaya", and its 23rd brigade - "Belgrade". Soldiers and officers of the division celebrated Victory Day in Vienna. On the battle banner of the division there are three orders: the Red Banner, Suvorov and Kutuzov 2nd degree, 4 Heroes of the Soviet Union were brought up in its ranks, including the division commander, Major General of Artillery A. I. Ratov. The 1163rd and 1164th howitzer artillery regiments were also formed in Zlatoust and Medvedevka (May - August 1942) and were assigned to the Volkhov Front from here. But there is no information about their combat path. It is only known that the representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command for the recruitment of the 1164th regiment in Zlatoust was Colonel G.S. Burnazyan, who became the head of artillery of the 97th separate rifle brigade. Now G. S. Burnazyan lives in Rostov-on-Don, he is a doctor historical sciences, Professor. There are almost no materials about the 2nd motorized rifle battalion of the 29th motorized rifle brigade of the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps, which was formed in March 1943 on the territory of a pioneer camp near Mount Myshlyai. E. Zhandarov, V. Chabanenko. (2 volume)

At the end of 1941, one of those miracles happened, which never ceases to amaze the world. The defeated, bloodless, almost completely destroyed Red Army seemed to rise from the dead, first throwing the Wehrmacht away from Moscow, then defeating the Paulus army at Stalingrad and finally seizing the strategic initiative in the Battle of Kursk, which predetermined the outcome of the war.

A new book by an authoritative military historian dedicated to these events is no ordinary chronicle of hostilities, more than an ordinary description of the battles of 1941-1943. In his outstanding study, the leading American specialist did what none of his colleagues had dared to do before - he conducted complex analysis Soviet military machine and her work in the first years of the war, revealing the mechanics of the "Russian military miracle".

Encyclopedic in scope of material, unprecedented in accuracy and depth of analysis, this work has already been recognized as a classic.

Having studied a huge amount of archival documents, evaluating combat capabilities and the tactics of both sides, the balance of power on the Soviet-German front and the style of warfare, David Glantz examines in detail the accumulation of combat experience by the Red Army, which allowed it to first catch up with the enemy, and then surpass the Wehrmacht, which was considered invincible.

This fundamental work debunks many myths that exist in both German and American historiography. Glantz irrefutably proves that the decisive victory over Germany was won precisely on Eastern Front and it was by no means accidental that the outcome of the war was decided not by “Generals Mud and Frost”, not by the stupidity and incompetence of Hitler (who was in fact an outstanding strategist), but by the increased skill of the Soviet command and the courage, dedication and stamina of the Russian soldier.

Note 1: Due to the low quality of the original scan, the tables are left as pictures.

Artillery Reserve Headquarters (RGK / RVGK)

This process of reorganization of the NPO continued into early 1942, seeking to save manpower and make the RVGK artillery regiments better suited to the needs of the field troops. Beginning April 19, he again reorganized the cannon artillery regiments. Now they had two or three divisions each, consisting of three two-gun batteries, with a regiment of twelve to eighteen 107-mm or 122-mm guns or 152-mm howitzer guns. At the same time, howitzer artillery regiments were reduced from three battalions, consisting of three batteries with four guns each, to two battalions armed with twenty-four 152-mm or 122-mm howitzers. In addition, a smaller version of such a regiment was created, which had one battery less - that is, only twenty 122-mm or 152-mm howitzers. Finally, on April 2, the NPO reduced high-capacity artillery regiments from four to two battalions, and battalions to twelve 203-mm howitzers, while simultaneously increasing the number of high-capacity artillery regiments.

As a result, by July 1, 1942, the number of RVGK artillery increased to a total of 323 artillery regiments and separate artillery battalions of various types, and by February 1, 1943, it amounted to 301 artillery regiments and 23 separate artillery battalions.

At the end of 1942, armaments production increased dramatically, allowing the formation of more artillery regiments and divisions of the RVGK. At the same time, the NPO was faced with the need to create new structures that would enable combined arms commanders to more effectively manage their artillery - especially in those large-scale offensive operations which the Stavka planned to hold in November 1942. As a result, by order of October 31, part of the individual artillery regiments of the RVGK was reduced to 18 new artillery divisions: in addition, 18 anti-aircraft artillery divisions were formed.

Initially, such a division consisted of 8 artillery regiments, including three howitzer artillery regiments from three divisions - twelve 122-mm howitzers in each regiment, two cannon artillery regiments from two divisions - eighteen 152-mm guns each, three anti-tank regiments artillery from three divisions - twenty-four 76-mm guns in each. Instead of anti-tank artillery regiments, there could be two anti-aircraft artillery regiments with twenty-four 85-mm guns each. In addition, the division included a separate artillery reconnaissance battalion. The total strength of the division was 7,054 men and 168 guns in the anti-tank version or 144 guns in the anti-aircraft version.

However, on early stages During the winter offensive, it became clear that these eight regiments were difficult to manage from a single center. Therefore, from December 14, the NPO began to form new artillery divisions with four brigades instead of eight regiments. Such a division consisted of a three-regiment light (anti-tank) artillery brigade with seventy-two 76-mm guns per brigade, a three-regiment howitzer artillery brigade with six dozen 122-mm or 152-mm howitzers, a two-regiment heavy gun brigade with thirty-six 122-mm guns or 152-mm howitzer-guns, a mortar brigade of four regiments with eight dozen 120-mm mortars, as well as an artillery reconnaissance battalion, an air squadron and rear services. The total strength of the division was 9124 men, 168 guns and howitzers and 80 mortars. In addition, the NPO formed one heavy artillery brigade (19th), which consisted of five cannon regiments, one high-power howitzer regiment, and one special-power gun battalion.

Throughout 1943, the Headquarters and the NPOs continued to reinforce divisions, brigades and artillery regiments of the RVGK to provide support for the Red Army both in defense and in the offensive, and also began to create full artillery corps. By building this artillery under the control of the Headquarters, putting together its formations in accordance with the needs of the situation of a particular offensive or defense, and timely allocating forces from it to the active fronts and armies, the Soviet command provided the Red Army with more flexible fire support, which, in turn, ensured an unparalleled artillery superiority Soviet troops over the Wehrmacht in almost every major offensive of the Red Army.

At the beginning of 1943, the largest field artillery formations in the RVGK were the artillery divisions formed in October and modified in December 1942 with artillery brigades subordinate to them. In addition, the RVGK artillery included several separate artillery brigades (for example, armed with 152-mm guns), they had two regiments each, fire control and communications battalions, and a transport unit for supplying ammunition.

At the beginning of 1943, the most common artillery units in the Red Army were the artillery regiments of the combined arms armies, rifle corps and divisions, as well as artillery regiments of the RVGK. There were five variants of artillery regiments:

Cannon-artillery of three divisions with three two-gun batteries in each - a total of 1120 personnel with nineteen 107-mm or 122-mm guns or 152-mm howitzer-guns and 35 tractors;

Cannon-artillery of two divisions with three two-gun batteries in each, with a total number of 758 personnel, twelve 107-mm or 122-mm guns and 24 tractors;

Howitzer artillery of two divisions with three four-gun batteries in each - a total of 947 personnel, twenty-four 122-mm or 152-mm howitzers and 36 tractors;

Howitzer-artillery, which had one division with three four-gun batteries and one division with two four-gun batteries, with a total regiment strength of 864 people, twenty 122-mm or 152-mm howitzers and 30 tractors;

Corps artillery regiments of one or two battalions with three to six 122 mm guns and one battalion with twelve 153 mm howitzers.

The heaviest artillery in the RVGK at the beginning of 1943 were regiments and divisions severe artillery, artillery pain shoy power and special power. Regiments and battalions of heavy artillery were equipped with 152 mm Br-2 guns, high power - 203 mm B-4 howitzers, and special power - guns of 210 mm or more. larger caliber or howitzers with a caliber of 280 mm or more. The artillery regiment of high power consisted of two firing divisions, had 904 people, 12 B-4 howitzers, 26 tractors and 36 trucks. A separate heavy artillery battalion had eight 152-mm howitzers, a separate high-power artillery battalion had six 203-mm howitzers, and a separate special-power artillery battalion had six heavy guns or howitzers.

The last stage of artillery reinforcement began on April 13, 1943, when the order was given to form five breakthrough artillery corps and breakthrough artillery divisions - either separate or subordinate to the breakthrough artillery corps. The breakthrough artillery corps consisted of two breakthrough artillery divisions, one division of reactive guards mortars and an artillery reconnaissance battalion with a total strength of 712 guns and mortars with a caliber from 76 to 203 mm, as well as 864 barrels of M-31 launchers. The breakthrough artillery division consisted of six artillery brigades: a light artillery brigade, consisting of three cannon artillery regiments with twenty-four 76-mm cannons each; a howitzer-artillery brigade with three howitzer artillery regiments, twenty-eight 122-mm cannons each; a heavy cannon-artillery brigade with two cannon regiments of eighteen 152-mm cannons each; a heavy howitzer-artillery brigade with four howitzer battalions of eight 152-mm howitzers each; a high-capacity howitzer-artillery brigade with four howitzer battalions of six 203-mm howitzers each; a mortar brigade with three mortar regiments of thirty-six 120-mm mortars each; artillery reconnaissance battalion. The strength of the breakthrough artillery division was 10,869 fighters and 356 guns, howitzers and mortars, including seventy-two 76-mm guns, eighty-four 122-mm howitzers, thirty-two 152-mm howitzers, thirty-six 152-mm guns, twenty-four 203-mm howitzers and one hundred and eight 120-mm mortars.

In addition, in June 1943, the NPO began to create experimental heavy cannon artillery divisions for counter-battery artillery fire. These divisions consisted of four brigades of three divisions of four batteries each, the battery had four howitzer guns, the brigade had 48 howitzer guns, and the division had 144 howitzer guns with a caliber of 152 mm. Two divisions of this type were formed (4th and 6th guards), and in October 1943, the third (8th guards) cannon artillery division, similar to a heavy one, but including a division with four batteries of four 76- mm guns instead of one division of 152 mm guns in each brigade.

By July 1, 1943, the NPO had formed 5 breakthrough artillery corps, 12 breakthrough artillery divisions, and 13 standard artillery divisions, comprising either three or four artillery brigades. By December 31, there were 5 breakthrough artillery corps and 26 artillery divisions, including 17 breakthrough artillery divisions, six artillery divisions founded in December 1942, and three counter-battery artillery divisions.

As the successful offensives of the Red Army in mid- and late 1943 showed, the sharp increase in the number and power of the artillery of the RVGK had a noticeable effect on the ability of the Red Army to break through the tactical defenses of the Germans. From October 1942 to the end of 1943, the severity of artillery fire during the planned offensive operations of the Red Army increased fourfold and reached crushing proportions.

Breakthrough of the Supreme High Command, which has passed a glorious military path from Kursk Bulge to Berlin. The division brought up 16 heroes of the Soviet Union, 12 full holders of the Order of Glory, over 12 thousand soldiers were awarded orders and medals.
History of the Museum Museum 12 ADP was recreated in 1988 on the basis of the new school No. 866 at the request of veterans of the Great Patriotic War. The museum found its third life in 1995. The museum collection was systematized by teachers and students, an inventory of the museum funds was carried out, many exhibits were restored. The theme of the exposition was clearly defined: "Combat Glory of the 12th Artillery Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Division of the Breakthrough of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command."
The permanent head of the museum since 1995 is the teacher of fine arts and drawing Yakimova Ekaterina Mikhailovna.
The museum consists of one hall with an area of ​​50 sq. m, which houses: stands, showcases with material about the history of 12 ADPs, as well as authentic materials donated by veterans and parents of students. The most important are: overcoat and name watch of P.V. combat way 115, 125, 872, 208, 224, 1214, 786,1007, 539, 469 artillery regiments. Number of storage units

• the main fund - 512 exhibits, of which 53 exhibits were received in 2009,
• scientific auxiliary fund - 244 exhibits, of which 18 exhibits were received in 2009.

• division name,
• awards, formation,
• battle path,
• division organization,
• photos of the Heroes of the Soviet Union division,
• honorary cavaliers of the orders of Glory of the division,
• division headquarters,
• 11 mortar brigade,
• 32 howitzer artillery brigade,
• 41 cannon artillery brigade,
• 46 Light Artillery Brigade,
• 89 heavy howitzer artillery brigade,
• 104 howitzer artillery brigade of high power.

The museum has 30 people, adults - 4 people.

The school museum hosts traditional holidays and significant dates with veterans of the 12th ADP, solemn lines with the laying of flowers at the memorial plaque and at the stand of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, students who distinguished themselves in their studies and community service the right to occupy Post No. 1 in the school museum is granted.
On the basis of the school museum, lessons are held and cool watch tours and competitions.
In 1997, the museum received a certificate of conferring the status of "School Museum". In 2007 - a certificate of compliance with the status of "Museum educational institution” № 385.
The concept of the development of the museum defines the main goal - the formation of a civic position, patriotic ideals in children and adolescents studying at school.
When using objects of museum value in teaching, their truly magical ability to be a symbol and a sign of their time is revealed.
In early 2005, the winner of the city competition of military history
museums dedicated to the 60th anniversary Great Victory, became the museum of the secondary school No. 866.
The museum maintains a systematic relationship with the administration of Chertanovo-Centralnoye, the Council of Veterans of the 12th ADP, the Council of Veterans of Chertanovo-Centralnoe, the Moscow City public organization pensioners, war veterans, labor veterans of the Armed Forces and law enforcement agencies, the Moscow Council of Veterans of Artillery Troops, the Center for Military Patriotic and Civil Education, the District Methodological Center, the Moscow City Council, educational schools district.