Heroes of the Great Patriotic War and their exploits (briefly). Military figures of the period of the civil and great Patriotic wars Military names of the Second World War
Heroes of the Great Patriotic Wars s
Alexander Matrosov
Submachine gunner of the 2nd Separate Battalion of the 91st Separate Siberian Volunteer Brigade named after Stalin.
Sasha Matrosov did not know his parents. He was brought up in an orphanage and a labor colony. When the war began, he was not even 20. Matrosov was drafted into the army in September 1942 and sent to infantry school and then to the front.
In February 1943, his battalion attacked the Nazi stronghold, but fell into a trap, falling under heavy fire, cutting off the path to the trenches. They fired from three bunkers. Two soon fell silent, but the third continued to shoot the Red Army soldiers who lay in the snow.
Seeing that the only chance to get out of the fire was to suppress the enemy's fire, Matrosov crawled to the bunker with a fellow soldier and threw two grenades in his direction. The gun was silent. The Red Army went on the attack, but the deadly weapon chirped again. Alexander's partner was killed, and Matrosov was left alone in front of the bunker. Something had to be done.
He didn't even have a few seconds to make a decision. Not wanting to let his comrades down, Alexander closed the embrasure of the bunker with his body. The attack was successful. And Matrosov posthumously received the title of Hero Soviet Union.
Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.
He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was called up for service in the Red Army. He got into the air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nicholas Gastello participated in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.
On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello took off to attack a German mechanized column. It was on the road between the Belarusian cities of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Aircraft Gastello was hit by anti-aircraft guns. The shell damaged the fuel tank, the car caught fire. The pilot could eject, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolai Gastello sent a burning car directly to the enemy column. It was the first fire ram in the Great Patriotic War.
The name of the brave pilot has become a household name. Until the end of the war, all the aces who decided to go for a ram were called Gastellites. According to official statistics, almost six hundred enemy rams were made during the entire war.
Brigadier scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.
Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He already worked at the factory, having finished the seven-year plan. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.
He was brave and determined, the command appreciated him. For several years spent in the partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. On his account, several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 destroyed Germans, 10 trains with ammunition.
It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops, Richard von Wirtz, was located. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy attack was thwarted, and the young hero for this feat was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked partisans near the village of Ostraya Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.
Pioneer. Scout of the partisan detachment named after Voroshilov in the territory occupied by the Nazis.
Zina was born and went to school in Leningrad. However, the war found her on the territory of Belarus, where she came for the holidays.
In 1942, 16-year-old Zina joined the underground organization Young Avengers. It distributed anti-fascist leaflets in the occupied territories. Then, under cover, she got a job working in a canteen for German officers, where she committed several acts of sabotage and only miraculously was not captured by the enemy. Her courage surprised many experienced soldiers.
In 1943, Zina Portnova joined the partisans and continued to engage in sabotage behind enemy lines. Due to the efforts of defectors who surrendered Zina to the Nazis, she was captured. In the dungeons, she was interrogated and tortured. But Zina was silent, not betraying her. At one of these interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Nazis. After that, she was shot in prison.
Underground anti-fascist organization operating in the area of modern Luhansk region. There were over a hundred people. The youngest participant was 14 years old.
This youth underground organization was formed immediately after the occupation of the Lugansk region. It included both regular military personnel, who were cut off from the main units, and local youth. Among the most famous participants: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vasily Levashov, Sergey Tyulenin and many other young people.
The "Young Guard" issued leaflets and committed sabotage against the Nazis. Once they managed to disable an entire tank repair shop, burn down the stock exchange, from where the Nazis drove people to forced labor in Germany. The members of the organization planned to stage an uprising, but were exposed because of the traitors. The Nazis caught, tortured and shot more than seventy people. Their feat is immortalized in one of the most famous military books by Alexander Fadeev and the film adaptation of the same name.
28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment.
In November 1941, a counteroffensive against Moscow began. The enemy did not stop at nothing, making a decisive forced march before the onset of a harsh winter.
At this time, the fighters under the command of Ivan Panfilov took up a position on the highway seven kilometers from Volokolamsk, a small town near Moscow. There they gave battle to the advancing tank units. The battle lasted four hours. During this time, they destroyed 18 armored vehicles, delaying the enemy's attack and frustrating his plans. All 28 people (or almost all, here the opinions of historians differ) died.
According to legend, the political instructor of the company, Vasily Klochkov, before the decisive stage of the battle, turned to the fighters with a phrase that became known throughout the country: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!”
The Nazi counteroffensive ultimately failed. The battle for Moscow, which was assigned the most important role during the war, was lost by the occupiers.
As a child, the future hero suffered from rheumatism, and the doctors doubted that Maresyev would be able to fly. However, he stubbornly applied to the flight school until he was finally enrolled. Maresyev was drafted into the army in 1937.
He met the Great Patriotic War in flight school, but soon got to the front. During a sortie, his plane was shot down, and Maresyev himself was able to eject. Eighteen days, seriously wounded in both legs, he got out of the encirclement. However, he still managed to overcome the front line and ended up in the hospital. But gangrene had already begun, and the doctors amputated both of his legs.
For many, this would mean the end of the service, but the pilot did not give up and returned to aviation. Until the end of the war, he flew with prostheses. Over the years, he made 86 sorties and shot down 11 enemy aircraft. And 7 - already after amputation. In 1944, Alexei Maresyev went to work as an inspector and lived to be 84 years old.
His fate inspired the writer Boris Polevoy to write The Tale of a Real Man.
Deputy squadron commander of the 177th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment.
Victor Talalikhin began to fight already in the Soviet-Finnish war. He shot down 4 enemy planes on a biplane. Then he served in the aviation school.
In August 1941, one of the first Soviet pilots made a ram, shooting down a German bomber in a night air battle. Moreover, the wounded pilot was able to get out of the cockpit and descend by parachute to the rear of his own.
Talalikhin then shot down five more German planes. Killed during another air battle near Podolsk in October 1941.
After 73 years, in 2014, search engines found Talalikhin's plane, which remained in the swamps near Moscow.
Artilleryman of the 3rd counter-battery artillery corps of the Leningrad Front.
Soldier Andrei Korzun was drafted into the army at the very beginning of World War II. He served on the Leningrad front, where there were fierce and bloody battles.
November 5, 1943, during the next battle, his battery came under fierce enemy fire. Korzun was seriously wounded. Despite the terrible pain, he saw that the powder charges were set on fire and the ammunition depot could fly into the air. Gathering the last of his strength, Andrey crawled to the blazing fire. But he could no longer take off his overcoat to cover the fire. Losing consciousness, he made a last effort and covered the fire with his body. The explosion was avoided at the cost of the life of a brave gunner.
Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade.
A native of Petrograd, Alexander German, according to some sources, was a native of Germany. He served in the army from 1933. When the war began, he became a scout. He worked behind enemy lines, commanded a partisan detachment, which terrified the enemy soldiers. His brigade destroyed several thousand fascist soldiers and officers, derailed hundreds of trains and blew up hundreds of vehicles.
The Nazis staged a real hunt for Herman. In 1943, his partisan detachment was surrounded in the Pskov region. Making his way to his own, the brave commander died from an enemy bullet.
Commander of the 30th Separate Guards Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front
Vladislav Khrustitsky was drafted into the Red Army back in the 1920s. In the late 30s he graduated from armored courses. Since the autumn of 1942, he commanded the 61st separate light tank brigade.
He distinguished himself during Operation Iskra, which marked the beginning of the defeat of the Germans on the Leningrad Front.
He died in the battle near Volosovo. In 1944, the enemy retreated from Leningrad, but from time to time made attempts to counterattack. During one of these counterattacks, Khrustitsky's tank brigade fell into a trap.
Despite heavy fire, the commander ordered to continue the offensive. He turned on the radio to his crews with the words: "Stand to the death!" - and went forward first. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in this battle. And yet the village of Volosovo was liberated from the enemy.
Commander of a partisan detachment and brigade.
Before the war he worked for railway. In October 1941, when the Germans were already standing near Moscow, he himself volunteered for a difficult operation, in which his railway experience was needed. Was thrown behind enemy lines. There he came up with the so-called "coal mines" (in fact, these are just mines disguised as coal). With the help of this simple but effective weapon, a hundred enemy trains were blown up in three months.
Zaslonov actively agitated the local population to go over to the side of the partisans. The Nazis, having learned this, dressed their soldiers in Soviet uniform. Zaslonov mistook them for defectors and ordered them to be allowed into the partisan detachment. The path to the insidious enemy was open. A battle ensued, during which Zaslonov died. A reward was announced for living or dead Zaslonov, but the peasants hid his body, and the Germans did not get it.
The commander of a small partisan detachment.
Yefim Osipenko fought back in the Civil War. Therefore, when the enemy seized his land, without thinking twice, he joined the partisans. Together with five other comrades, he organized a small partisan detachment that committed sabotage against the Nazis.
During one of the operations, it was decided to undermine the enemy composition. But there was little ammunition in the detachment. The bomb was made from an ordinary grenade. The explosives were to be installed by Osipenko himself. He crawled to the railway bridge and, seeing the approach of the train, threw it in front of the train. There was no explosion. Then the partisan himself hit the grenade with a pole from the railway sign. It worked! A long train with food and tanks went downhill. The squad leader survived, but lost his sight completely.
For this feat, he was the first in the country to be awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War."
The peasant Matvey Kuzmin was born three years before the abolition of serfdom. And he died, becoming the oldest holder of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
His story contains many references to the history of another famous peasant - Ivan Susanin. Matvey also had to lead the invaders through the forest and swamps. And, like the legendary hero, he decided to stop the enemy at the cost of his life. He sent his grandson ahead to warn a detachment of partisans who had stopped nearby. The Nazis were ambushed. A fight ensued. Matvey Kuzmin died by hand German officer. But he did his job. He was in his 84th year.
A partisan who was part of the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front.
While studying at school, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya wanted to enter a literary institute. But these plans were not destined to come true - the war prevented. In October 1941, Zoya, as a volunteer, came to the recruiting station and, after a short training at a school for saboteurs, was transferred to Volokolamsk. There, an 18-year-old partisan fighter, along with adult men, performed dangerous tasks: she mined roads and destroyed communication centers.
During one of the sabotage operations, Kosmodemyanskaya was caught by the Germans. She was tortured, forcing her to betray her own. Zoya heroically endured all the trials without saying a word to the enemies. Seeing that it was impossible to get anything from the young partisan, they decided to hang her.
Kosmodemyanskaya steadfastly accepted the test. A moment before her death, she shouted to the assembled local residents: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers before it's too late, surrender!" The courage of the girl so shocked the peasants that they later retold this story to front-line correspondents. And after the publication in the Pravda newspaper, the whole country learned about the feat of Kosmodemyanskaya. She became the first woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.
Bagramyan I. X.(1897-1982) - Soviet military commander. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Civil War he fought on the Caucasian front, where in 1920 he joined the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts, commander of the army, front. After the war - Deputy Minister of Defense - Head of Logistics.
Blucher V.K.(1890-1938) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union. From March 1918 he commanded the Eastern Detachment in the fight against Dutovism. He commanded a number of army groups. In 1920-1922. - Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far East. The first holder of the Order of the Red Banner. After the Civil War - in the highest command posts in the army. In 1929-1938 - Commander of the Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army. In 1938 he was arrested and shot.
Budyonny S. M.(1883-1973) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Three times Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1919-1923. - Commander of the 1st Cavalry Army. Later - in command positions in the Red Army, deputy and 1st deputy people's commissar of defense. In 1941-1942. commanded the troops of a number of fronts and directions, then - the cavalry of the Red Army.
Vasilevsky A. M.(1895-1977) - Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. From May 1942 - Chief of the General Staff and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense. In February 1945 he was appointed commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front and a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Led the assault on Koenigsberg. In August 1945, he commanded the Soviet troops during the defeat of the Kwantung Army during the Manchurian offensive. After the war - in large military posts in the leadership of the armed forces.
Vatutin N. F. (1901-1944) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War - Chief of Staff of the North-Western Front, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Commander of the Voronezh, South-Western, 1st Ukrainian Fronts. Army General. The hero of the USSR. He died from a severe wound in 1944.
Vatsetis I.I.(1873-1938) - Soviet military leader, participant in the First World War (colonel). One of the leaders of the suppression of the speech of the Left Social Revolutionaries in July 1918. In September 1918 - July 1919 - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic. Simultaneously in January-March 1919. - Commander of the Army of Soviet Latvia. From August 1919 - at work in the RVSR. Since 1921 - on teaching work at the Military Academy of the Red Army, commander of the 2nd rank. Repressed.
Voronov N. N. (1899-1968) - Soviet military leader. Chief Marshal of Artillery. Head of the Main Directorate of Air Defense, head of artillery of the Red Army. Carried out the general leadership of the destruction of the enemy military group surrounded near Stalingrad. After the war, in responsible positions in Soviet army.
Voroshilov K. E. (1881-1969) - party, military, statesman of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Member of the Civil War in the South of Russia and Ukraine. Since 1924 - Commander of the Moscow Military District, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1925-1934. - People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1934-1940. - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars. In the Great Patriotic War - a member of the State Defense Committee and a representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief on a number of fronts.
Gamarnik Ya. B. (1894-1937) - party and military leader. In the years civil war- on party work in the army. After the war - 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, head of the Political Directorate of the Red Army, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, deputy. People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, army commissar of the 1st rank. Repressed.
Govorov L. A.(1897-1955) - Soviet military commander. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union. In January 1920 he voluntarily joined the Red Army. After the war - in command positions. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the army, the Leningrad Front. Then - Chief Military Inspector of the Armed Forces - Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces - Deputy. Minister of Defense of the USSR.
Gorshkov S. G.(1910-1988) - Soviet military figure. During the Great Patriotic War - commander of the Azov military flotilla, the Danube military flotilla, the squadron of the Black Sea Fleet. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the USSR, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Grechko A. A. (1903-1976) - Soviet military and statesman. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded a division, an army, and was deputy commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front. After the war - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR. From 1967 to 1976 - Minister of Defense of the USSR.
Egorov A.I.(1883-1939) - Soviet military leader. Member of the "First World War (colonel). In 1918-1919 he commanded the 10th and 14th armies. Later - the commander of the Southern and South-Western fronts. After the Civil War - the head General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Shot with a group of military leaders on false charges.
Eremenko A. I. (1892-1970) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the army and troops of a number of fronts. Then he commanded the military districts, was the Inspector General of the Ministry of Defense. Marshal of the Soviet Union. The hero of the USSR.
Zhukov G. K. (1896-1974) - the largest Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union, four times Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1939, he commanded the Soviet troops that defeated the Japanese at Khalkhin Gol. In January-July 1941 - Chief of the General Staff - Deputy. Defense Commissar. Since June 23 - member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. From August 1942 - First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense and Supreme Commander. Directly participated in the development and implementation of major military operations of the war - Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kursk, Belorussian, Berlin. On May 8, 1945, on behalf of the Soviet leadership, he accepted the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in Berlin. June 24 hosted the Victory Parade in Moscow. After the war he commanded a number of military districts. Later - Minister of Defense of the USSR. Since 1957 - retired.
Zakharov M. V. (1898-1972) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts. In the future - the head of the Academy of the General Staff, the commander of the military districts, the chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR - the first deputy minister of defense.
Isakov I. S. (1894-1967) - Soviet military leader. Since 1938 - Deputy, First Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy of the USSR, and in 1941-1943. - at the same time the chief of the Main Naval Staff of the Navy. Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. The hero of the USSR.
Kamenev S. S.(1881-1936) - Soviet military commander. Member of the First World War (colonel). In 1918-1919. - Commander of the Eastern Front. In 1919-1924. - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic and a member of the RVSR. Later, Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Deputy. Chairman of the RVSR.
Karbyshev D. M.(1880-1945) - military engineer. Lieutenant general. Member of the Russian-Japanese and World War I (lieutenant colonel). Author of many works on fortification and military engineering. In 1941 he was taken prisoner and was tortured to death in the Nazi camp Mauthausen. The hero of the USSR.
Konev I. S.(1897-1973) - Soviet military commander. Marshal of the Soviet Union. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Member of the First World War (junior non-commissioned officer). In 1921-1922 - Commissar of the headquarters of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far East. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded armies and fronts. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, 1st Deputy Minister of Defense, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact.
Malinovsky R. I. (1898-1967) - Soviet statesman and military leader. Member of the First World War. Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded the army, the front. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Minister of Defense of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Meretskov K. A.(1897-1968) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War he fought against the whites on the Eastern and Southern fronts. Before the Great Patriotic War, he was Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. During the war he commanded armies and fronts. After the war - assistant to the Minister of Defense for military schools. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Mironov F. K. (1872-1921) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War, he commanded the Lithuanian-Belarusian and 16th armies. In 1920 - commander of the 2nd Cavalry Army. Shot after the war.
Moskalenko K.S.(1902-1985) - Soviet military figure. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war he commanded a number of armies. After the war - in responsible command positions in the armed forces.
Rokossovsky K. K. (1896-1968) - Soviet military leader. Member of the First World War (junior non-commissioned officer). Actively fought on the Eastern Front against the troops of Kolchak. After the war - in command positions in the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a number of armies and fronts. He was one of the most popular military leaders who achieved the most significant success in military operations. After the war - Minister of National Defense of Poland, in military positions in the Armed Forces of the USSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sokolovsky V. D. (1897-1968) - Soviet military commander. He fought during the Civil War, mainly in staff positions. After graduation - in staff and command positions. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts and front commander. After the war - Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, Chief of the General Staff. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Soviet Union.
Timoshenko S. K.(1895-1970) - Soviet military and statesman. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1940-1941. - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Then - commander-in-chief of the South-Western, Western directions, commander of the Western, South-Western fronts. Later he commanded the troops of other fronts. After the war - in command positions in the Soviet Army.
Tolbukhin F.I.(1894-1949) - Soviet military commander. Member of the First World War (headquarters captain). Fought in the Civil War in the Western and North-Western directions. During the Great Patriotic War - chief of staff of a number of fronts, commanded the armies of the Southern, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian fronts. Later - Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Group of Forces, Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District. Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Tukhachevsky M. N. (1893-1937) - Soviet military leader. Member of the First World War (lieutenant). During the Civil War, he commanded a number of armies and fronts. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the defeat of Kolchak. In 1921, he led the suppression of the Kronstadt and Tambov uprisings. In the postwar years - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Chairman of the RVSR. Marshal of the Soviet Union. One of the greatest military theorists in the USSR. Convicted on false charges and shot in 1937.
Uborevich I. P. (1896-1937) - Soviet military leader. During the Civil War, he commanded the 9th, 13th and 14th armies. In 1921-1922. commanded the troops of the Siberian Military District, then was the Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the NRADR. Commander 1st rank. Repressed in 1937 on a falsified "military case".
Chernyakhovsky I. D. (1906-1945) - Soviet military figure. Army General, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a division, corps, army. Western and 3rd Belorussian fronts. Successfully carried out a number of military operations. He was mortally wounded near the town of Melsack in East Prussia and died on February 18, 1945.
Chuikov V.I.(1900-1982) - Soviet military leader. During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded a number of armies, in particular the 62nd Army in the defense of Stalingrad. Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Shaposhnikov B. M.(1882-1945) - military figure and theorist of military affairs. Member of the First World War (colonel). During the years of the Civil War and after its end - at the staff and military teaching work. Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War - Chief of the General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense.
Yakir I. E.(1896-1937) - Soviet military commander. During the Civil War - in political and command work in the Red Army. After graduation - in high army positions. Commander 1st rank. Repressed with a group of military men in 1937.
More than a dozen years ago, Mikhail Efremov was born - a brilliant military leader who proved himself during the periods of two wars - Civil and Patriotic. However, the feats that he accomplished were not immediately appreciated. After his death, many years passed until he received a well-deserved title. What other heroes of the Great Patriotic War were forgotten?
Steel Commander
At the age of 17, Mikhail Efremov joined the army. He began his service as a volunteer in infantry regiment. Two years later, with the rank of ensign, he participated in the famous breakthrough under the command of Brusilov. Mikhail joined the Red Army in 1918. The hero gained fame thanks to armored guns. Due to the fact that the Red Army did not have armored trains with good equipment, Mikhail decided to create them on his own, using improvised means.
Mikhail Efremov met the Great Patriotic War at the head of the 21st Army. Under his leadership, the soldiers held back the enemy troops on the Dnieper, defended Gomel. Not allowing the Nazis to go to the rear of the Southwestern Front. Mikhail Efremov met the beginning of the Patriotic War, leading the 33rd Army. At this time, he participated in the defense of Moscow and in the subsequent counteroffensive.
In early February, the strike group, commanded by Mikhail Efremov, made a hole in the enemy's defenses and went to Vyazma. However, the soldiers were cut off from the main forces and surrounded. For two months, the fighters carried out raids on the rear of the Germans, destroyed enemy soldiers and military equipment. And when the cartridges with food ran out, Mikhail Efremov decided to break through to his own, asking by radio to organize a corridor.
But the hero never did. The Germans noticed the movement and defeated Efremov's shock group. Mikhail himself, in order not to be captured, shot himself. He was buried by the Germans in the village of Slobodka with full military honors.
In 1996, persistent veterans and search engines ensured that Efremov was awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
In honor of Gastello's feat
What other heroes of the Great Patriotic War were forgotten? In 1941, a DB-3F bomber took off from the airfield near Smolensk. Alexander Maslov, namely he flew a combat aircraft, was given the task of eliminating the enemy column moving along the Molodechno-Radoshkovichi road. The plane was hit by enemy anti-aircraft guns, the crew was declared missing.
A few years later, namely in 1951, in order to honor the memory of the famous bomber Nikolai Gastello, who rammed on the same highway, it was decided to transfer the remains of the crew to the village of Radoshkovichi, to the central square. During the exhumation, they found a medallion that belonged to Sergeant Grigory Reutov, who was a gunner in Maslov's crew.
They did not change the historiography, however, the crew began to be listed not as missing, but as dead. Heroes of the Great Patriotic War and their exploits were recognized in 1996. It was in this year that the entire crew of Maslov received the corresponding title.
The pilot whose name has been forgotten
The exploits of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War will remain in our hearts forever. However, not all heroic deeds are remembered.
Pyotr Yeremeev was considered an experienced pilot. He received his for repulsing several German attacks in one night. Having shot down several Junkers, Peter was wounded. However, having bandaged the wound, a few minutes later he again took off on another plane to repel an enemy attack. And a month after this memorable night, he accomplished a feat.
On the night of July 28, Eremeev was assigned to patrol the airspace over Novo-Petrovsk. It was at this time that he noticed an enemy bomber that was heading for Moscow. Peter went into his tail and started shooting. The enemy moved to the right Soviet pilot while losing it. However, he immediately noticed another bomber, which went to the West. Coming close to him, Eremeev pressed the trigger. But the shooting was never opened, as the cartridges ran out.
Without thinking for a long time, Peter cut his propeller into the tail of a German aircraft. The fighter turned over and began to fall apart. However, Eremeev escaped by jumping out with a parachute. For this feat they wanted to hand him over, but they did not have time to do this. On the night of August 7, the pod was repeated by Viktor Talalikhin. It was his name that was inscribed in the official chronicle.
But the heroes of the Great Patriotic War and their exploits will never be forgotten. This was proved by Alexei Tolstoy. He wrote an essay called "Battering Ram", in which he described the feat of Peter.
Only in 2010 he was recognized as a hero
In the Volgograd region there is a monument on which the names of the Red Army soldiers who died in these parts are written. All of them are heroes of the Great Patriotic War, and their exploits will forever remain in history. On that monument is the name Maxim Passar. The corresponding title was awarded to him only in 2010. And it should be noted that he fully deserved it.
He was born in the Khabarovsk Territory. Hereditary hunter has become one of the best among snipers. He showed himself back in By 1943, he destroyed about 237 Nazis. The Germans set a significant reward for the head of the well-aimed Nanai. He was hunted by enemy snipers.
He accomplished his feat at the very beginning of 1943. In order to liberate the village of Peschanka from enemy soldiers, it was necessary first to get rid of two German machine guns. They were well fortified on the flanks. And it was Maxim Passar who had to do it. 100 meters before the firing points, Maxim opened fire and destroyed the crews. However, he failed to survive. The hero was covered by enemy artillery fire.
Underage Heroes
All of the above heroes of the Great Patriotic War and their exploits were forgotten. However, all of them must be remembered. They did everything possible to bring the Victory Day closer. However, not only adults managed to prove themselves. There are some heroes who are not even 18 years old. And it is about them that we will talk further.
Along with adults, several tens of thousands of teenagers participated in the hostilities. They, like adults, died, received orders and medals. The images of some were taken for Soviet propaganda. All of them are heroes of the Great Patriotic War, and their exploits have been preserved in numerous stories. However, five teenagers should be singled out, who received the corresponding title.
Not wanting to surrender, he blew himself up along with enemy soldiers
Marat Kazei was born in 1929. It happened in the village of Stankovo. Before the war, he managed to finish only four classes. Parents were recognized as "enemies of the people." However, despite this, Marat's mother, back in 1941, began to hide partisans at home. For which she was killed by the Germans. Marat and his sister joined the partisans.
Marat Kazei constantly went to reconnaissance, took part in numerous raids, undermined the echelons. He received the medal "For Courage" in 1943. He managed to raise his comrades to attack and break through the ring of enemies. At the same time, Marat was wounded.
Talking about the exploits of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, it is worth saying that a 14-year-old soldier died in 1944. It happened while doing another job. Returning from reconnaissance, he and his commander were fired upon by the Germans. The commander died immediately, and Marat began to shoot back. He had nowhere to go. And there was no opportunity as such, since he was wounded in the arm. Until the cartridges ran out, he held the defense. Then he took two grenades. He threw one immediately, and kept the second until the Germans approached. Marat blew himself up, killing several more opponents in this way.
Marat Kazei was recognized as a Hero in 1965. Underage heroes of the Great Patriotic War and their exploits, stories about which are quite common in in large numbers will be remembered for a long time.
Heroic deeds of a 14-year-old boy
The partisan scout Valya was born in the village of Khmelevka. It happened in 1930. Before the capture of the village by the Germans, he graduated from only 5 classes. After that, he began to collect weapons and ammunition. He passed them on to the partisans.
Since 1942 he became a scout for the partisans. In the fall, he was given the task of destroying the head of the field gendarmerie. The task was completed. Valya, together with several of his peers, blew up two enemy vehicles, killing seven soldiers and the commander Franz Koenig himself. About 30 people were injured.
In 1943, he was engaged in reconnaissance of the location of an underground telephone cable, which was subsequently successfully blown up. Valya also took part in the destruction of several trains and warehouses. In the same year, while in office, young hero noticed punishers who decided to arrange a raid. Having destroyed the enemy officer, Valya raised the alarm. Thanks to this, the partisans prepared for battle.
He died in 1944 after the battle for the city of Izyaslav. In that battle, the young warrior was mortally wounded. He received the title of hero in 1958.
A little short of 17
What other heroes of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 should be mentioned? Scout in the future Lenya Golikov was born in 1926. From the very beginning of the war, having obtained a rifle for himself, he joined the partisans. Under the guise of a beggar, the guy went around the villages, collecting data on the enemy. He passed all the information to the partisans.
The guy joined the detachment in 1942. During his entire military career, he took part in 27 operations, destroyed about 78 enemy soldiers, blew up several bridges (railway and highway), blew up about 9 vehicles with ammunition. It was Lenya Golikov who blew up the car in which Major General Richard Witz was driving. All his merits are fully listed in the award list.
These are the underage heroes of the Great Patriotic War and their exploits. Children sometimes performed such feats that even adults did not always have the courage. It was decided to award Lenya Golikov with the Gold Star medal and the title of Hero. However, he was never able to get them. In 1943, the combat detachment, which included Lenya, was surrounded. Only a few people got out of the encirclement. And Leni was not among them. He was killed on January 24, 1943. Until the age of 17, the guy never lived.
Killed by a traitor
The heroes of the Great Patriotic War rarely remembered themselves. And their exploits, photos, images remained in the memory of many people. Sasha Chekalin is one of those. He was born in 1925. He joined the partisan detachment in 1941. He served no more than a month.
In 1941, the partisan detachment inflicted significant damage on the enemy forces. Numerous warehouses were on fire, cars were constantly undermined, trains went downhill, sentries and enemy patrols regularly disappeared. The fighter Sasha Chekalin took part in all this.
In November 1941, he caught a bad cold. The commissioner decided to leave him in the nearest village with a trusted person. However, there was a traitor in the village. It was he who betrayed the underage fighter. Sasha was captured by partisans at night. And finally, the constant torture was over. Sasha was hanged. For 20 days he was forbidden to be removed from the gallows. And only after the liberation of the village by the partisans, Sasha was buried with military honors.
The corresponding title of Hero was decided to be awarded to him in 1942.
Shot after prolonged torture
All of the above people are heroes of the Great Patriotic War. And their exploits for children are the best stories. Then we will talk about a girl who, in courage, was not inferior not only to her peers, but also to adult soldiers.
Zina Portnova was born in 1926. The war found her in the village of Zuya, where she came to rest with her relatives. Since 1942, she has been posting leaflets against the invaders.
In 1943 she joined a partisan detachment, becoming a scout. In the same year, she received her first assignment. She was supposed to uncover the reasons for the failure of the organization called "Young Avengers". She was also supposed to establish contact with the underground. However, at the moment of returning to the detachment, Zina was seized by German soldiers.
During the interrogation, the girl managed to grab a pistol lying on the table, shoot the investigator and two more soldiers. While trying to escape, she was captured. She was constantly tortured, trying to force her to answer questions. However, Zina remained silent. Eyewitnesses claimed that once, when she was taken out for another interrogation, she threw herself under a car. However, the car stopped. The girl was taken out from under the wheels and taken away for interrogation. But she was silent again. That's what the heroes of the Great Patriotic War were like.
The girl did not wait for 1945. In 1944 she was shot. Zina at that time was only 17 years old.
Conclusion
The heroic deeds of soldiers during the fighting numbered several tens of thousands. No one knows exactly how many brave and courageous deeds were committed in the name of the Motherland. This review described some of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War and their exploits. Briefly, it is impossible to convey all the strength of character that they possessed. But there is simply not enough time for a full story about their heroic deeds.
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Books
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The fate of millions of people depended on their decisions! This is not the whole list of our great commanders of the Second World War!
Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich (1896-1974)
Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov was born on November 1, 1896 in the Kaluga region, into a peasant family. During the First World War, he was drafted into the army and enrolled in a regiment stationed in the Kharkov province. In the spring of 1916 he was enrolled in a group sent to officer courses. After studying, Zhukov became a non-commissioned officer, and went to the dragoon regiment, in which he participated in the battles Great War. Soon he received a concussion from a mine explosion, and was sent to the hospital. He managed to prove himself, and for the capture of a German officer he was awarded the St. George Cross.After the civil war, he graduated from the courses of the red commanders. He commanded a cavalry regiment, then a brigade. He was an assistant inspector of the cavalry of the Red Army.
In January 1941, shortly before the German invasion of the USSR, Zhukov was appointed Chief of the General Staff, Deputy People's Commissar for Defense.
He commanded the troops of the Reserve, Leningrad, Western, 1st Belorussian fronts, coordinated the actions of a number of fronts, made a great contribution to achieving victory in the battle of Moscow, in the battles of Stalingrad, Kursk, in the Belorussian, Vistula-Oder and Berlin operations. Four times Hero of the Soviet Union , holder of two Orders of Victory, many other Soviet and foreign orders and medals.
Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich (1895-1977) - Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Born on September 16 (September 30), 1895 in the village. Novaya Golchikha, Kineshma district, Ivanovo region, in the family of a priest, Russian. In February 1915, after graduating from the Kostroma Theological Seminary, he entered Alekseevsky military school(Moscow) and completed it in 4 months (in June 1915).During the Great Patriotic War, as Chief of the General Staff (1942-1945), he took an active part in the development and implementation of almost all major operations on the Soviet-German front. From February 1945 he commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front, led the assault on Königsberg. In 1945, the commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops on Far East in the war with Japan.
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Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich (1896-1968) - Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland.
He was born on December 21, 1896 in the small Russian town of Velikiye Luki (former Pskov province), in the family of a Pole railway engineer Xavier-Josef Rokossovsky and his Russian wife Antonina. After the birth of Konstantin, the Rokossovsky family moved to Warsaw. In less than 6 years, Kostya was orphaned: his father was in a railway accident and, after a long illness, died in 1902. In 1911, his mother also died. With the outbreak of World War I, Rokossovsky asked to join one of the Russian regiments heading west through Warsaw.With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he commands the 9th mechanized corps. In the summer of 1941, he was appointed commander of the 4th Army. He managed to somewhat restrain the advance of the German armies on the western front. In the summer of 1942, he became commander of the Bryansk Front. The Germans managed to approach the Don and, from advantageous positions, create threats for the capture of Stalingrad and a breakthrough on North Caucasus. With a strike by his army, he prevented the Germans from breaking through to the north, towards the city of Yelets. Rokossovsky participated in the counteroffensive Soviet troops near Stalingrad. His ability to lead fighting played a major role in the success of the operation. In 1943, he led the central front, which, under his command, began a defensive battle on the Kursk salient. A little later, he organized an offensive, and liberated significant territories from the Germans. He also led the liberation of Belarus, implementing the plan of the Headquarters - "Bagration"
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Konev commanded the 19th Army, which participated in battles with the Germans and closed the capital from the enemy. For the successful leadership of the army, he receives the rank of colonel general.
Ivan Stepanovich during the Great Patriotic War managed to be the commander of several fronts: Kalinin, Western, Northwestern, Steppe, second Ukrainian and first Ukrainian. In January 1945, the First Ukrainian Front, together with the First Belorussian Front, began the offensive Vistula-Oder operation. The troops managed to occupy several cities of strategic importance, and even liberate Krakow from the Germans. At the end of January, the Auschwitz camp was liberated from the Nazis. In April, two fronts launched an offensive in the Berlin direction. Soon Berlin was taken, and Konev took a direct part in the storming of the city.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union
Vatutin Nikolai Fedorovich (1901-1944) - army general.
Born December 16, 1901 in the village of Chepukhino Kursk province in a large peasant family. He graduated from four classes of the Zemstvo school, where he was considered the first student.In the early days of the Great Patriotic War, Vatutin visited the most critical sectors of the front. The staff worker turned into a brilliant combat commander.
On February 21, the Headquarters instructed Vatutin to prepare an attack on Dubno and further on Chernivtsi. On February 29, the general was heading to the headquarters of the 60th Army. On the way, his car was fired upon by a detachment of Ukrainian Bandera partisans. The wounded Vatutin died on the night of April 15 in a Kiev military hospital.
In 1965, Vatutin was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Katukov Mikhail Efimovich (1900-1976) - marshal of the armored forces. One of the founders of the tank guard.
Born on September 4 (17), 1900 in the village of Bolshoe Uvarovo, then the Kolomna district of the Moscow province in large family peasant (my father had seven children from two marriages). rural school, while studying in which he was the first student of the class and school.In the Soviet Army - since 1919.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he participated in defensive operations in the area of the cities of Lutsk, Dubno, Korosten, showing himself to be a skillful, proactive organizer of a tank battle with superior enemy forces. These qualities dazzlingly manifested themselves in the battle near Moscow, when he commanded the 4th tank brigade. In the first half of October 1941, near Mtsensk, on a number of defensive lines, the brigade steadfastly held back the advance of enemy tanks and infantry and inflicted enormous damage on them. Having made a 360-km march to the Istra orientation, the brigade M.E. Katukova, as part of the 16th Army of the Western Front, fought heroically in the Volokolamsk direction and participated in the counteroffensive near Moscow. On November 11, 1941, for courageous and skillful fighting, the brigade was the first in the tank troops to receive the title of Guards. In 1942, M.E. Katukov commanded the 1st Tank Corps, which repelled the onslaught of enemy troops in the Kursk-Voronezh direction, from September 1942 - the 3rd Mechanized Corps, In January 1943 he was appointed commander of the 1st tank army, which is part of the Voronezh, and later the 1st Ukrainian front different in Battle of Kursk and during the liberation of Ukraine. In April 1944, the Sun was transformed into the 1st Guards Tank Army, which, under the command of M.E. Katukova participated in the Lvov-Sandomierz, Vistula-Oder, East Pomeranian and Berlin operations, crossed the Vistula and Oder rivers.
Rotmistrov Pavel Alekseevich (1901-1982) - chief marshal of the armored forces.
Born in the village of Skovorovo, now in the Selizharovsky district of the Tver region, in a large peasant family (had 8 brothers and sisters) ... In 1916 he graduated from a higher primary schoolIn the Soviet Army since April 1919 (he was enrolled in the Samara workers' regiment), a participant in the Civil War.
During the Great Patriotic War, P.A. Rotmistrov fought on the Western, Northwestern, Kalinin, Stalingrad, Voronezh, Steppe, Southwestern, 2nd Ukrainian and 3rd Belorussian fronts. He commanded the 5th Guards Tank Army, which distinguished itself in the Battle of Kursk. In the summer of 1944, P.A. Rotmistrov with his army participated in the Belarusian offensive operation, the liberation of the cities of Borisov, Minsk, Vilnius. From August 1944 he was appointed deputy commander of the armored and mechanized troops of the Soviet Army.
Kravchenko Andrey Grigoryevich (1899-1963) - Colonel General of the Tank Forces.
Born on November 30, 1899 on the Sulimin farm, now the village of Sulimovka, Yagotinsky district, Kiev region of Ukraine, in a peasant family. Ukrainian. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1925. Member of the Civil War. He graduated from the Poltava military infantry school in 1923, military academy named after M.V. Frunze in 1928.From June 1940 to the end of February 1941 A.G. Kravchenko - chief of staff of the 16th Panzer Division, and from March to September 1941 - chief of staff of the 18th mechanized corps.
On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since September 1941. Commander of the 31st Tank Brigade (09/09/1941 - 01/10/1942). Since February 1942, he was deputy commander of the 61st Army for tank troops. Chief of Staff of the 1st Tank Corps (03/31/1942 - 07/30/1942). He commanded the 2nd (07/2/1942 - 09/13/1942) and 4th (from 02/07/43 - 5th Guards; from 09/18/1942 to 01/24/1944) tank corps.
In November 1942, the 4th Corps participated in the encirclement of the 6th German Army near Stalingrad, in July 1943 - in a tank battle near Prokhorovka, in October of the same year - in the battle for the Dnieper.
Novikov Alexander Alexandrovich (1900-1976) - Air Chief Marshal.
Born on November 19, 1900 in the village of Kryukovo, Nerekhtsky District, Kostroma Region. Educated at the teacher's seminary in 1918.In the Soviet Army since 1919
In aviation since 1933. Member of the Great Patriotic War from the first day. He was the commander of the Northern Air Force, then the Leningrad Front. From April 1942 until the end of the war - commander of the Red Army Air Force. In March 1946, he was illegally repressed (together with A. I. Shakhurin), rehabilitated in 1953.
Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich (1902-1974) - Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. People's Commissar of the Navy.
Born on July 11 (24), 1904 in the family of Gerasim Fedorovich Kuznetsov (1861-1915), a peasant in the village of Medvedki, Veliko-Ustyug district, Vologda province (now in the Kotlas district of the Arkhangelsk region).In 1919, at the age of 15, he joined the Severodvinsk flotilla, attributing two years to himself in order to be accepted (the erroneous 1902 year of birth is still found in some reference books). In 1921-1922 he was a combatant of the Arkhangelsk naval crew.
During the Great Patriotic War, N. G. Kuznetsov was chairman of the Main Military Council of the Navy and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. He promptly and energetically led the fleet, coordinating its actions with the operations of other armed forces. The admiral was a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, he constantly traveled to ships and fronts. The fleet prevented an invasion of the Caucasus from the sea. In 1944, N. G. Kuznetsov was awarded military rank fleet admiral. On May 25, 1945, this rank was equated with the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union and marshal-type shoulder straps were introduced.
The hero of the USSR,Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich (1906-1945) - army general.
Born in the city of Uman. His father was a railway worker, so it is not surprising that in 1915 his son followed in his father's footsteps and entered the railway school. In 1919, a real tragedy happened in the family: because of typhus, his parents died, so the boy was forced to leave school and study agriculture. He worked as a shepherd, driving cattle into the field in the morning, and every free minute sat down for textbooks. Immediately after dinner, I ran to the teacher for clarification of the material.During the Second World War, he was one of those young military leaders who motivated soldiers by their example, gave them confidence and gave faith in a brighter future.
