home Botany book Navarino naval battle took place. The battle of Navarino took place The battle of Navarino 8 October 20, 1827

Navarino naval battle took place. The battle of Navarino took place The battle of Navarino 8 October 20, 1827

Painting by Ivan Aivazovsky "Naval Battle of Navarino" (1846) © Public domain

The Battle of Navarino in 1827 is a major naval battle between the combined fleet of Russia, France and England, on the one hand, and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, on the other. It happened (8) October 20, 1827 in the Navarino Bay of the Ionian Sea, on the southwestern coast of the Greek Peloponnese, and became one of the decisive events of the Greek national liberation uprising of 1821-1829.

In 1827, three allied countries (England, Russia and France) signed the London Convention, according to which Greece was granted full autonomy from Ottoman Empire. However, the latter refused to recognize this document, which was the reason for sending an allied squadron to the conflict zone in order to put pressure on Turkey.

Scheme of the Battle of Navarino © Public domain

The united allied fleet consisted of 28 ships with up to 1300 guns. The squadrons were commanded by Russian Rear Admiral L.M. Heiden, French Rear Admiral A.G. de Rigny and English Vice-Admiral E. Codrington, who took overall command of the Allied forces, as a senior in rank.

The Turkish-Egyptian fleet under the command of Ibrahim Pasha consisted of twice as many ships with up to 2220 guns, in addition, he was under the protection of coastal batteries (165 guns) and 6 firewalls. And although the allied fleet was inferior in numbers and artillery, it was superior in combat training to the personnel.

Battle of Navarino, National Historical Museum, Athens, Greece © CC BY-SA 2.0

Vice Admiral Codrington, counting without the use of weapons, only by demonstrating his strength to force the enemy to accept the demands of the Allies, sent the fleet to Navarino Bay, where he entered (8) October 20, 1827. And parliamentarians were sent to the Turkish admiral demanding to leave Greece. However, the Turks began to shoot and killed one of the truce, and then opened fire from coastal guns on the combined fleet, to which the Allies returned fire.

With the Navarino victory, the allies provided serious assistance to the Greeks. Turkey soon recognized the independence of Greece.

The Russians lost 59 killed and 198 wounded. Turkish losses reached seven thousand, 60 Turkish and Egyptian ships were destroyed. The Allies did not lose a single ship.

For the courage, bravery and maritime art of the crew to the battleship "Azov" for the first time in Russian maritime history was awarded the highest combat distinction - the stern St. George flag.

Greece still remembers and appreciates the feat of Russian sailors. Victory Day in the Battle of Navarino is a national holiday in modern Greece, monuments to the dead sailors have been erected in the bay. In Russia, in honor of this historical event a holiday was established - the Day of the commander of a surface, underwater and air ship of the Russian Navy.

October 8 (20), 1827 in the Navarino Bay of the Ionian Sea on the southwestern coast of the Peloponnese, a major naval battle took place between the combined squadron of Russia, England and France, on the one hand, and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, on the other.

In 1827 1827 between England, France and Russia signed the London Convention of 1827, according to which Greece was granted full autonomy. The Ottoman Empire refused to recognize the convention.
In the same 1827, the combined squadron of Russia, Great Britain and France (a total of 1276 guns) under the command of the senior English Vice Admiral Edward Codrington approached the Bay of Navarino, where the Turkish-Egyptian fleet was located (up to 2200 guns in total) under the command of Muharrem- bay. The commander-in-chief of the Turkish-Egyptian troops and fleet was Ibrahim Pasha.

The Turkish-Egyptian fleet was protected by coastal batteries (165 guns) and 6 fire ships. The allies were inferior in artillery, but superior in combat training of personnel. Codrington hoped by demonstrating force (without the use of weapons) to force the enemy to accept the demands of the allies. To this end, he sent a squadron to Navarino Bay.

Side strengths:
Allies: 10 battleships, 10 frigates, 4 brigs, 2 corvettes, 1 tender
Turks and Egyptians: 3 battleships, 17 frigates, 30 corvettes, 28 brigs, 5 schooners, 5 or 6 fireships
When the allied ships took their places according to the disposition, a truce was sent to the Turkish fireship on a boat demanding to move away from the allied fleet. The Turks opened fire and killed the truce, while the Egyptian corvette opened artillery fire on the French flagship corvette.
The battle began after the Turks killed the second truce sent to Muharrem Bey's flagship.
It lasted about 4 hours and ended with the destruction of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet. The Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Login Petrovich Geyden acted most decisively and skillfully, defeating the entire center and right flank of the enemy fleet. She took the brunt of the enemy and destroyed most of his ships.
The losses of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet amounted to more than 60 ships and several thousand people killed and wounded. The Allies did not lose a single ship.
Allied losses: 181 killed, 480 wounded, Total: 661
Enemy losses: 4109 killed or wounded
After the battle, the allied fleet remained in Navarino Bay until October 26.
In the battle, the flagship of the Russian squadron "Azov" distinguished itself under the command of a captain of the 1st rank Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. The flagship destroyed 5 Turkish ships, including the frigate of the commander of the Turkish fleet. The ship received 153 hits, 7 of them below the waterline. The ship was completely repaired and restored only in March 1828. On the "Azov" during the battle, the future Russian naval commanders, the heroes of Sinop and the Sevastopol defense of 1854-1855, showed themselves:
* Lieutenant Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov
* midshipman Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov
* Midshipman Vladimir Ivanovich Istomin
For feats of arms in battle battleship "Azov" for the first time in the Russian fleet, the stern St. George flag was assigned.
One of the reasons for the conflict was the struggle between Turkey and Russia for influence in the Balkans. Since England also began to seek to establish its influence in this region, its alliance with Russia became possible. In fact, the British did not benefit from the victory of either side, which would give the winners an undeniable advantage in terms of influence on the Balkans. That is why the British admiral did not want this battle. Britain wanted to show both sides, by means of a show of force, that she was striving to act as some kind of third force in the struggle for a settlement of the Balkan question. However, the resulting battle and the destruction of the Turkish fleet gave Russia a significant advantage. Thus English policy suffered a major setback. However, formally, there was an active military alliance between Russia and England, and from the point of view of official policy, incl. and London, it was a joint brilliant victory. “I am giving him an order when he should have been beheaded,” said English king after the awarding ceremony of the English admiral. These words clearly characterize the outcome of the battle from the point of view of British politics.
The defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Battle of Navarino significantly weakened naval forces Turkey, which was a significant contribution to the victory of Russia in the future Russian-Turkish war 1828-1829. The battle of Navarino provided support for the Greek national liberation movement, the result of which, according to the Adrianople Peace Treaty of 1829, was the autonomy of Greece.

Russo-Turkish War 1828–1829 was caused by Turkey's desire to preserve the decaying Ottoman Empire. Russia, supporting the uprising of the Greek people against Turkish rule, sent a squadron of L.P. Heyden for military operations together with the Anglo-French fleet (see Archipelago expedition of 1827). In December 1827, Turkey declared a “holy war” on Russia. Russian troops successfully operated in both the Caucasian and Balkan theaters of war. In the Caucasus, the troops of I.F. Paskevich was taken by storm to Kars, occupied Akhaltsikhe, Poti, Bayazit (1828), captured Erzurum and went to Trebizond (1829). At the Balkan theater, Russian troops P.Kh. Wittgenstein crossed the Danube and took Varna (1828), under the leadership of I.I. Dibich was defeated by the Turks at Kulevcha, captured Silistria, made a bold and unexpected transition through the Balkans, threatening Istanbul directly (1829). Under a peace treaty, Russia acquired the mouth of the Danube, the Black Sea coast from the Kuban to Adzharia, and other territories.

Archipelago Expedition (1827)

Archipelago expedition of 1827 - campaign of the Russian squadron L.P. Heiden to the shores of Greece to support the Greek anti-Turkish uprising. In September 1827, the squadron joined the Anglo-French fleet in the Mediterranean for joint operations against the Turks. After Turkey rejected the Allied ultimatum to cease hostilities against Greece, the allied fleet in the Battle of Navarino completely destroyed the Turkish fleet. Heiden's squadron distinguished itself in the battle, destroying the center and the right flank of the enemy fleet. During the subsequent Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. The Russian squadron blocked the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.

Navarino naval battle (1827)

The battle in the Bay of Navarino (the southwestern coast of the Peloponnese) between the united squadrons of Russia, England and France, on the one hand, and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, on the other, took place during the Greek National Liberation Revolution of 1821–1829.

The combined squadrons included: from Russia - 4 battleships, 4 frigates; from England - 3 battleships, 5 corvettes; from France - 3 battleships, 2 frigates, 2 corvettes. Commander - English Vice Admiral E. Codrington. The Turkish-Egyptian squadron under the command of Muharrem Bey consisted of 3 battleships, 23 frigates, 40 corvettes and brigs.

Before the start of the battle, Codrington sent a truce to the Turks, then a second. Both parliamentarians were killed. In response, the united squadrons attacked the enemy on October 8 (20), 1827. The battle of Navarino lasted about 4 hours and ended with the destruction of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet. His losses amounted to about 60 ships and up to 7 thousand people. The Allies did not lose a single ship, with only about 800 men killed and wounded.

During the battle they distinguished themselves: the flagship of the Russian squadron "Azov" under the command of Captain 1st Rank M.P. Lazarev, who destroyed 5 enemy ships. Lieutenant P.S. skillfully acted on this ship. Nakhimov, midshipman V.A. Kornilov and midshipman V.I. Istomin - the future heroes of the battle of Sinop and the defense of Sevastopol in Crimean War 1853–1856

The feat of the brig "Mercury"

The brig "Mercury" was laid down in January 1819 at the shipyard in Sevastopol, launched on May 19, 1820. Tactical and technical characteristics: length - 29.5 m, width - 9.4 m, draft - 2.95 m. Armament - 18 24-pounder guns.

There was a Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. In May 1829, Mercury, as part of a small detachment under the flag of Lieutenant Commander P.Ya. Sakhnovsky, together with the frigate Shtandart and the brig Orpheus, carried out sentinel service in the Bosphorus area. On the morning of May 26, a Turkish squadron was discovered consisting of 18 ships, including 6 battleships, 2 frigates and 2 corvettes. The overwhelming superiority of the enemy was undeniable, and therefore Sakhnovsky gave a signal not to accept the battle. Raising all the sails, "Standard" and "Orpheus" left the chase. "Mercury", built of heavy Crimean oak, and therefore significantly inferior in speed, lagged behind. Chasing high-speed ships of the Turkish fleet, 110-gun battleship"Selimiye" and 74-gun "Real-Bey", soon overtook the Russian brig.

Seeing the inevitability of a battle with the enemy, the commander of the brig, Lieutenant Commander A.I. Kazarsky gathered officers. According to tradition, the youngest lieutenant of the corps of naval navigators I.P. Prokofiev expressed a common opinion - to accept the battle, and in the event of a threat to seize the ship - to blow it up, for which purpose a loaded pistol should be left near the hook chamber.

The brig was the first to fire a volley at the enemy. Kazarsky skillfully maneuvered, preventing the Turks from conducting aimed fire. Somewhat later, the Real Bay was still able to take up a firing position from the port side and the Mercury came under crossfire. The Turks showered the brig with cannonballs and brandskugels. Fire started in many places. Part of the team began to extinguish it, but the well-aimed shelling of Turkish ships did not weaken. The Russian gunners managed to inflict such significant damage to the Selimiye that the Turkish ship was forced to drift. But "Real Bay" continued shelling the Russian brig. Finally, he, too, received a cannonball hit in the forward mast and began to fall behind. This unprecedented battle lasted for about 4 hours. "Mercury", despite the fact that they received 22 hits in the hull and about 300 in the rigging and spars, emerged victorious from it and the next day joined the Black Sea squadron. For the feat Lieutenant Commander A.I. Kazarsky was awarded the Order of St. George IV degree and promoted to captain of the 2nd rank, and the ship was awarded the stern St. George flag and pennant. In addition, the imperial rescript stated that “when this brig falls into disrepair, build according to the same drawing and in perfect resemblance to it, the same vessel, named “Mercury”, attributing to the same crew, on which to transfer and St. George's flag with a pennant.

This tradition, which has developed in the Russian fleet, continues to this day. On the wide open spaces seas and oceans carry Russian flag sea minesweeper "Kazarsky" and hydrographic vessel "Memory" Mercury ".

The commander of the legendary brig A.I. Kazarsky in April 1831 was appointed to the retinue of Nicholas I and soon received the rank of captain of the 1st rank. On June 28, 1833, he died suddenly in Nikolaev. In Sevastopol, according to the project of A.P. Bryullov, a monument to the brave sailor was laid. On the stone truncated pyramid there is a stylized model of an ancient warship and a brief inscription: “To Kazar - as an example to posterity.”

famous sailing battleship (Navarino)

Alternative descriptions

City in Russia Rostov region, port on the river Don

The city named by the Turks after the first letter of the Slavic alphabet

The place where the battle took place in 1637-1643, Russia-Turkey

Sailing ship of the line of the Russian Navy, which distinguished itself in the battle of Navarino in 1827.

Turkish fortress Azak

Russian sailboat, participant of the Battle of Navarino

Don city with the name of the sea

The sailing ship, for the first time in the history of the Russian fleet, was awarded the St. George stern flag for military distinctions in the Navar battle

Hometown of Arctic explorer R. L. Samoylovich

The name of this Russian city comes from the Turkic "azak" - "mouth of the river"

This ship was the first Russian fleet awarded with St. George's flag

The city, in honor of the capture of which the first triumphal gates were erected in Moscow

Since the victory over what city has Russia ceased to be a land country?

City in Rostov Oblast

The city taken by young Peter 1

City in Russia

Port city in Russia on the Sea of Azov, Rostov region

The ancient city of the Black Sea

Port on the Don River

Port on the Don

. "alphabetic" city and port

Port city in Russia

Russian sailboat

Tana, Azak, how is it now?

City in Rostov Oblast

City near Rostov

The sea near the Black (colloquial)

Russian sailboat

Heroic Russian sailing ship

City and port on the left bank of the Don

Rostov city

City near the Taganrog Bay

The famous battleship (Navarin)

City-fortress of the Rostov region

Sailboat of the Russian Navy

City near Rostov-on-Don

City in Rost. region

Ukr. sea (colloquial)

The sea near Rostov-on-Don

Both the city and the sailboat

Port in the lower reaches of the Don

City taken by young Peter the Great

City taken by young Peter I

Port in the Rostov region

famous sailboat

City in the lower reaches of the Don

Type of monitors of the twentieth century

Sailboat of the Russian fleet

Russian ship

Port on the Don River

City in Russian Federation, Rostov region, port on the river Don

City in Rostov Oblast

Russian sailing ship of the line (Battle of Navarino, 1827)

On October 20, 1827, in the Navarino Bay of the Ionian Sea, on the southwestern coast of the Greek Peloponnese, a major naval battle took place between the combined fleet of Russia, France and England, on the one hand, and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, on the other. This naval battle was one of the decisive events of the Greek national liberation uprising of 1821-1829.

In 1827, three allied countries (England, Russia and France) signed the London Convention, according to which Greece was granted full autonomy from the Ottoman Empire. However, the latter refused to recognize this document, which was the reason for sending an allied squadron to the conflict zone in order to put pressure on Turkey.

The united allied fleet consisted of 28 ships with up to 1300 guns. The squadrons were commanded by Russian Rear Admiral L.M. Heiden, French Rear Admiral A.G. de Rigny and the English vice-admiral E. Codrington, who took the overall command of the allied forces, as a senior in rank.

Vice Admiral Codrington, counting without the use of weapons, only by demonstrating his strength to force the enemy to accept the demands of the allies, sent the fleet to Navarino Bay, where he entered on October 20, 1827. And parliamentarians were sent to the Turkish admiral demanding to leave Greece. However, the Turks began to shoot and killed one of the truce, and then opened fire from coastal guns on the combined fleet, to which the Allies returned fire.

The battle in the Bay of Navarino lasted about 4 hours and ended with the destruction of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, which could not be helped by either the support of coastal batteries or the Egyptian Marines. At the same time, about 7 thousand Turks died in the battle, many were wounded. The Allies did not lose a single ship, and the losses in killed and wounded amounted to approximately 800 people.

The Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Login Petrovich Geyden especially showed itself in the battle, which took the main blow of the enemy and, acting most decisively and skillfully, defeated the entire center and right flank of the enemy fleet. The Russian battleship Azov, headed by Captain 1st Rank M.P., deservedly became the hero of the battle. Lazarev, who fought with five Turkish ships and provided support to other allied ships.

For military exploits, "Azov" for the first time in the history of the Russian fleet was awarded the stern St. George's flag. And it was on the Azov during the Battle of Navarino that the future Russian naval commanders first showed themselves - Lieutenant Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, midshipman Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov, midshipman Vladimir Ivanovich Istomin.

The defeat of the Turkish fleet in this battle seriously weakened the Turkish naval forces, which made a significant contribution to Russia's victory in the ensuing Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. And, of course, the victory of the allied fleet in the Battle of Navarino provided support for the Greek national liberation movement, which resulted in the autonomy of Greece under the Adrianople Peace Treaty of 1829.

It is not surprising that the people of Greece still remember and appreciate the feat of Russian sailors. Victory Day in the Battle of Navarino is a national holiday in modern Greece, monuments to the dead sailors have been erected in the bay. In Russia, in honor of this historic event, a holiday has been established - the Day of the commander of a surface, underwater and air ship of the Russian Navy. It was established in honor of captain Mikhail Lazarev, who commanded the heroic battleship Azov.