home life resources How to teach a child to write quickly from dictation. How to teach a first grader to write and read correctly. Methodical techniques for the development of written and oral speech of a first grader. (To help speech therapists, teachers and parents). Extra or missing "details" of letters

How to teach a child to write quickly from dictation. How to teach a first grader to write and read correctly. Methodical techniques for the development of written and oral speech of a first grader. (To help speech therapists, teachers and parents). Extra or missing "details" of letters

How to teach a child to write beautifully?

If you have taken on the role of your child's teacher and are going to teach him to write correctly, competently and without errors in a notebook at home, then you should prepare properly. Our article will help you get familiar with general principles and methods, thanks to which you can quickly and efficiently educate your baby, and also learn how to teach a child to write beautifully in cursive. You should also familiarize yourself with the video on the Internet, where a real example shows all the stages of the process.

In connection with the new school trends, when children are required to have a basic knowledge of the alphabet and writing, every parent wants their child to master this knowledge to perfection and easily pass the entrance exams to educational institution. It is very important not to overdo it and approach the matter with patience.

To begin with, we recall that it is important to consider individual characteristics your child. This can influence when it is best to start the learning process itself, where to start it and how easy it will be. Let's say your baby is left-handed, then the training will be somewhat different from the classical one, also great difficulties can arise if you are right-handed, and the child writes with his left hand. Difficulties in learning also apply to children with autism, children with cerebral palsy and dysarthria.

The most important point that must be taken into account when starting to teach a child to write is the psychophysical characteristics of the baby. It is known that some start training at the age of 5, and some only from 7. It's about about the conscious acquisition of a skill, in principle, it is possible and necessary to deal with children much earlier, just present it as a form of play.

Develop hand skills before learning to write

The basis of the ability to write is the developed motor skills of the hands. Good motor skills will allow a preschooler to quickly and deftly master writing, as well as beautifully display letters in a notebook without much difficulty. To develop this feature in a child is quite simple, you need to do a little work with the baby with the following things:

drawing and coloring pictures;
modeling figures from plasticine or clay;
playing with rubber toys that can be squeezed;
assembly of designers with small details;
performing physical exercises.

c"> Basic methods for teaching children to write

Any training always begins with familiarization and creation of motivation. The child may not fully understand why he needs it, so parents are required to instill in their children the desire to learn how to write neatly, carefully, without errors, and even in beautiful calligraphic handwriting. What is required for this? You, as a parent, need to set an example, demonstrate to the baby how you write in a notebook. Familiarize him with the whole process in detail and preferably in a playful way. Children are very inquisitive and will definitely pay attention to what you are doing.

Tell us in detail about what you use for writing, how you navigate in notebooks, and also show an example of your copybook. For example, write the word mom and duplicate it in English. Then give the child pens and invite him to write down a couple of lines with letters. Evaluate his work, praise him for his efforts, and then offer to improve his skills, motivating him that everyone at school should be able to do this. Then you can move on to regular classes and even mastering the skill to perfection.

Today, it is much easier for parents to organize classes for their children on their own, since there are many manuals and manuals with exercises that describe in detail all the steps, examples, and also provide tasks for children where you need to write letters.

d "> Copybook - we teach the child to write beautifully

Writing is one of the stages in the development of writing in a child. As a rule, at first he causes a stupor in the baby, but using the simplest mastering technique capital letters you can get quick results. Learning written characters should not begin with writing whole letters, but with their individual elements, for example, hooks and ponytails. Having worked out each element of the letter, we simply combine them into one. A simple example with the letter "a": in the recipe it is written as "o", after which a hook is added to the right. In the same way, you can learn to write in cursive and English words.

There are many different manuals with exercises, where all these stages are qualitatively spelled out. It is enough to purchase at least one and work a little with the baby, having worked out each letter with him.

e"> What else do you need to know when teaching a child to write?

Every parent makes mistakes that can affect not only the development of the child's writing skills, but also the child's psyche. To avoid them, it is worth remembering a few basic principles of working with children:

you need to do no more than 15-20 minutes a day (depending on the child);
you can’t scold or yell at children if something doesn’t work out for them;
treat learning easier;
no need to hurry! Break the training so that you learn and practice one letter a day or every other day;
do not force children to write if they are not in the mood or if they do not feel well;
be patient and serve learning in a playful way.

Our expert — Maryana Bezrukikh, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician Russian Academy Education, Director of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education" (FGBNU "IVF RAO").

Milich Maya, AiF.ru: At what age is it better to start teaching writing?

Mariana Bezrukikh: Teaching children to school cursive writing is not worth it. This is very difficult process, in which everything is important - the correct fit, and the correct position of the handle, and the method of explanation, and the sequence of studying letters, and much more. But preparation for writing, learning to write block letters can be one of the areas of work with preschoolers 5.5-6.5 years old.

Comprehensive preparation for learning to write should include the development of motor skills, attention, visual perception, visual memory and other functions. This may be, for example, the development of a child from 4-5 years old.

Usually, by the age of 5-6, children are ready to learn how to write in block letters. Therefore, at this age, you can already explain to them how letters are written correctly, show and explain the principle of writing printed letters.

Organization of classes

What is the best way to imagine the learning process for a child? As a game or, on the contrary, as a serious process?

- All tasks and classes in preparation for writing with preschoolers are carried out only in a playful way. But learning to write at school requires a lot of concentration, so when studying at school, these are not gaming activities.

In general, learning to write is a very complex and difficult process. Children often have difficulties associated not only with insufficiently developed motor skills, attention, visual memory, etc., but also with haste, with a very high rate of learning letters, with requirements for high writing speed, with an incomprehensible explanation.

- How long and how often can I study with a preschooler?

- Classes with a preschooler in preparation for writing can be daily, but last only 10-15 minutes.

Particular attention should be paid to the correct fit, the correct position of the handle. The sequence of "steps" to prepare for the letter is described in detail and in detail in special manuals and books that can help parents.

Does not work!

Does it make sense to force a child to write if he does not succeed?

- A preschooler should not be forced to write, especially if “it doesn’t work out”. It is better to pay attention to the preparation for the letter.

But with the difficulties of teaching writing to older children, for example, first-graders, it is necessary, together with the teacher, to understand the causes of the difficulties and find the most effective measures of assistance.

- What mistakes do parents most often make when they teach their child to write on their own?

- The main mistakes are the replacement of preparation for writing with training and haste, the desire of parents to teach the child to write as quickly as possible.

At the same time, parents should not forget that writing is the most difficult skill that is formed slowly and for a long time, over the course of three to four years.

Recipe

- Recipes - still up-to-date and effective method to teach a child to write beautifully?

- Yes, the copybooks allow you to form the "technical" side of the letter, the correct spelling of letters and their connection. However, now there are many different recipes, and not all of them correspond to the age capabilities of children. And I note that preschool age prescription is not recommended.

By what age does a child develop a style of writing?

- The “manner” of writing is the stability of the correct execution of all literal elements, their height and width, the slope of the lines, the way the letters are connected, connectivity and other indicators.

For most modern schoolchildren, these indicators are unstable even by the fourth grade. This means that the writing skill is not formed.

Ugly handwriting?

- Why do they all learn to write in approximately the same way, the letters are written in the same copybook, but the kidneys are different for everyone?

- Differences in handwriting different children associated with two factors. The first is the maturity of the physiological functions of each individual child, the second is the method of teaching writing. There are different approaches to teaching, different methods. In addition, individual characteristics play a role nervous system child, his performance, state of health.

Show your child how to properly hold a writing object.- the handle should lie on the upper phalanx of the middle finger and be fixed with the thumb and forefinger. In this case, the thumb should be above the index finger, and the tip of the pen should be oriented towards the shoulder.

To teach writing, get a special notebook or album- Do not use lined paper.

At first, draw simple elements with your child: vertical sticks, sticks with a rounded bottom and top, circles and so on.

Try to visualize any information- while studying the letter, show it in the pictures, show how the studied letter is written, while your hand movements should be slow and should be visible to the child.

How to teach a child to write correctly

(From work experience)

Introduction.
One of the most difficult tasks primary education- the formation of competent writing in the lessons of the Russian language. Which of us teachers does not care about this task? After all, we are called upon to ensure the formation of strong skills of competent writing. And in order to achieve results in this matter, constant systematic work is needed from the first year of a child's education at school. After all, it is in the primary grades that the foundations of literate writing are laid. And on how fully the skills of literate writing will be formed during this period, the further education of the child, his ability to assimilate the program in the Russian language depends.

Factors contributing to the formation of literate writing.

visual factor triggered when memorizing unchecked spellings. There are a lot of them in Russian.

Psychologists have proven that once a child spells a word incorrectly, he will remember it visually. The hand will fix an incorrect graphic image of the word, it will be deposited in memory so firmly that then it will be necessary to write this word 100 times to eliminate this error. Therefore, there is Golden Rule student: never write if you don’t know for sure, first warn the mistake!

In my work, I use the following techniques to memorize unchecked spellings for children:

Letter with passes - you don’t know for sure, don’t write, ask the teacher, look in the dictionary, make sure, and then write down the word, be sure to use a different type of paste to highlight the difficult letter.

2) There is also such a technique -teach a child to write a dictation .

For example: Winter is coming.

The teacher says: “I came - the prefix at. Winter is an unstressed vowel and, checked by stress, winters.

And then a similar sentence is given: Autumn has come. Children are already talking. They begin to get ahead of the teacher with their answers.

Next, the children are given another suggestion. And the children do it on their own, to themselves, with a pause of the duration they need. Let them think, let the child speak for himself! He learns to see, to explain this spelling to himself before he writes it. And is it important!

3) Very weak children can be givensee the text of the dictation before writing it. Let him at least remember something, see and write correctly.

4) Causes a lot of controversyreceiving the wrong letter .

So, for example, a text “written by Dunno” is given - with missing letters. Usually children are very enthusiastic looking for other people's mistakes. This kind of work teaches them to see mistakes, and this is already spelling vigilance which we need to develop and shape.

5 ) Reception, forcing think about writing .

For example, when studying the topic “Unstressed vowel in the root, checked by stress”, you can invite children to write five words with an unstressed vowel in the root and be sure to underline them. This is our goal: to get the child to think when writing. We act similarly when studying other rules.

6) You can carry out the so-called“dictation with justification” .

The teacher dictates words, for example, with an unstressed vowel, checked by stress. Children must first write down the test word, and then only the one dictated by the teacher, i.e. spelling must be substantiated. This will teach them to “hear” the spelling, to justify their choice of spelling.

7) Before writing a dictation, presentation, essay, it is advisable to carry out preparatory work . To do this, the teacher writes out from the text dictation, presentation, composition difficult words and includes them in the work in the lesson. Children can read them in chorus, individually, memorize them, explain their spelling, make sentences with them. This makes it possible to prevent errors in dictations, presentations, essays.

8) Good feedback for the teacher giveswork with signal cards .

Before writing words for a certain rule, children first hold up signal cards and show the letter they want to write. Then, with the approval of the teacher, they write without error.

auditory factor . The writer, as you know, always starts from what he hears. Therefore, he must listen well and hear what the teacher says or what he says to himself when writing. Therefore, the teacher should develop phonemic hearing in children. You need to start this work from the 1st grade.

For example, when studying the topic “Unstressed vowels”, you can carry out the following game techniques:

a)"Find a dangerous place."

The teacher says the word, and the children clap their hands as soon as they hear a sound that cannot be trusted when writing. If it is, then there is a “dangerous place”. If there are two unstressed vowels, then there are two “dangerous places”.

b)"Traffic light ”.

Children show a red signal as soon as they find a “dangerous place”.

in) "Light up the beacon ”.

This is the conduct of sound analysis with the drawing up of a diagram in which “dangerous places” are indicated, i.e. red signals (circles) are placed under the “dangerous places”. After a preliminary sound analysis, they print or lay out from letters split alphabet words omitting “dangerous places”. We develop a method of action: “If the sound can be trusted, I designate it with a letter, if not, I put a danger signal in its place.” The ability to see such a danger signal, the search for a “dangerous place” in the written word is already the beginning of learning to self-check the written word.

For example, a sentence is written on the board: Fluffy snow lay on the ground.

Children, under the guidance of a teacher, look for “dangerous places” and mark them on the board with red circles. This work activates them, teaches them to see the spelling, arouses interest.

G)"Dictation with underlining".

During the dictation, the teacher taps on the table at the moment when he pronounces a word with any spelling. This tapping activates the student's mental activity, makes him think, search, find the right answer.

Driving factor . Any spelling skill can only be achieved through practice, i.e. with the rhythmic movement of the writing hand. That is why it is necessary to write as much as possible in the lesson. The hand itself, moving along the line, creates a graphic image of a particular word, “remembers” and then writes it automatically.

pronunciation . An important role in the formation of a spelling skill is played by the so-called spelling pronunciation, i.e. speaking the way you write. This technique is used by many teachers, and it gives good results. Such work must be carried out from grade 1. Let the student, dictating a sentence, pronounce each word spelling, pronounce it clearly in syllables. The student names the syllable and the vowel in it. The articulation itself in this case is integral part in the process of writing. The work of the speech apparatus in the process of pronunciation creates a kind of memorizing image of the word, the repeated repetition of which aloud and to oneself contributes to a stronger memorization of its spelling. This is a kind of "slander". Most often this concerns memorizing the spelling of difficult words. Such repeated spelling pronunciation is scrolled several times in the lesson, repeated in subsequent lessons and, as a result, is firmly remembered by children.

One of the most important indicators of school performance is the literacy of writing dictations. But it happens that it is difficult for a child to cope with this seemingly simple task. Are there ways to help learn how to write dictations? How to improve literacy, teach to write without errors and not discourage the desire to learn? Let's consider these and other questions further.

What is the essence of dictation

From grade 2, students write dictations regularly

Dictation is a kind written work, which involves checking the spelling and punctuation knowledge of the literary form of the language. Dictations by mother tongue is an integral part of schooling from grades 2 to 11. However, the requirements for writing this type of writing control work united:

the child must reproduce in the notebook the text read by the teacher (according to sentences);
each sentence the student hears three times (for familiarization and understanding of certain rules, for writing and for checking);
when writing, the student applies the studied spelling rules, checks punctuation marks in accordance with the intonation of the teacher;
after the dictation is over, the students independently reread what they have written, make corrections if necessary.

Thus, dictation is a form of work that tests the literacy of schoolchildren.

At what age should you pay attention to literacy

To increase the level of literacy of the child, it should be dealt with individually

It is interesting. According to a nationwide study of the level of literacy in the country, 70% of schoolchildren make more than 4 mistakes when writing dictations.

How parents rejoice when the baby begins to babble the first words, and then his speech becomes more and more understandable, meaningful. Then moms and dads begin to teach the baby to write. And do it without errors. However, this is a serious miscalculation of parents - the time must come for learning to write correctly. Scientists have found that the formation of the level of literacy is almost completely completed by the 4th grade. That is, it is necessary to deal with the child in increasing the level of spelling most intensively from grades 2 to 4. Further, there is an increase in knowledge about the language, which falls on the already well-established informational soil formed in the initial link.

Please note that if it is impossible to teach a child to spell, dysgraphia should be excluded - a violation of the principle of writing during the normal development of the intellect. This disease is usually accompanied by speech disorders and some mental disorders.

How to teach a child to write correctly and without errors

Reading is the best way to improve literacy

So that your child does not have to blush for bad grades in dictation, you will have to make an effort and find an approach to teaching the student. There are several common methods.

Video: Dictation example to prepare your toddler for class work

How to prepare a child's hand for writing - this issue becomes relevant long before the start of school. Impatient parents, wanting to help the baby get comfortable with a pen and pencil, make many mistakes.

Teacher primary school and speech therapist Anastasia Speranskaya tells how to carefully approach this important matter.

You need to start writing no earlier than 7 years

Teaching a child to write before school is not worth it. Until this age, the mechanism of neuromuscular regulation has not matured in most children.

Writing is a very delicate process that requires the correct fit, fixation of the hand, a certain sequence of actions. Therefore, it is better to entrust this matter to a professional. The teacher works in the lesson with each student and makes sure that the process of developing handwriting takes place in the right way.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills will help prepare your hand for writing.

The best preparation for writing will be games for the development of fine motor skills. Sculpt from plasticine, play with cereals, string beads on a thread, tear paper and make applications out of it. This will prepare the muscles of the arm for the load.

You can also just draw (with pencils or wax crayons), paint, make simple hatching, spirals, patterns, straight and wavy lines of different lengths. Working out such elements before school will help the child quickly get used to the recipes.

First a pencil, then a pen

If the desire to teach a child to write is irresistible, give him a pencil. Learning should be an interesting activity, and you should try to avoid stress. Writing the first letters is a big stress for any kid. Therefore, he should always have the opportunity to correct the first mistakes. And this is convenient to do if the letters are written in pencil.

You need to do no more than 5 minutes at a time

They wrote one line, then rested - the first rule for caring parents. The concentration time of 7-8 years old in children is very short, and they can focus on letters for a maximum of 5 minutes (preferably 2-3).

Paradoxically, but initial stage learning, the less a student writes, the better he does.

Often, adults buy a child three different recipes and make them write one page every day. It is absolutely impossible to do so.

Teach your child to navigate on a piece of paper

If a child has problems with writing a particular letter (for example, he confuses “v” and “d”, writes “e” in the wrong direction) or he moves off the line, then you need to work on orientation on a sheet of paper.

Tasks are suitable for training: find 10 differences, draw a dot at the bottom (above, in the middle, to the left, to the right of some object on the page). Learn to draw small and large circles and compare their sizes.

Use notebooks in an oblique ruler with an additional line. In them, the oblique line goes very often, and not like in a regular notebook (every 2–4 centimeters). Frequent rulers help keep the correct slope and maintain the desired width of the letters.

Start immediately with capital letters

Writing in capital letters is, of course, easier. But there is a risk that the child will get confused when he needs to master 4 types of letters, albeit gradually. Printed large and small, capital large and small - how and what to write correctly is difficult to learn even for an attentive child.

Draw an image of a letter in the air

Practice writing letters in the air. First do it with your whole hand - draw capital letters. Then, during one lesson, “reduce the size” (“a” is large, “a” is medium, “a” is small). The child should draw the last letter (the smallest one) using only the hand.

Highlight beautiful letters

It is important to encourage the child for his successes, and not to scold him for mistakes. Therefore, take a green pen (or give it to the baby) and ask him to independently circle those letters that turned out better than others. You'll see, next time he will focus on them.

It is already very difficult for a child to write, and if you constantly focus on what did not work out, he will not want to learn at all.

Do not use handle attachments

Office stores now sell rubber tips that help form the correct grip on the pen. They can be used at the very first stage, when the child only takes a pencil or pen.

Then they should be abandoned. It is much more effective to show the baby how you hold the pen. Or make a grab together. Put your child's fingers in the right position, then grab his hand with yours and start writing. Let him feel the process: where you press hard, where you loosen your hand.