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M Shchedrin fairy tales summary. Wise scribbler. General lack of school curriculum

Sheep-not remembering

The forgetful ram is the hero of a fairy tale. He began to see vague dreams that disturbed him, forcing him to suspect that "the world does not end with the walls of a barn." The sheep began mockingly calling him "wise man" and "philosopher" and shunned him. The ram withered and died. Explaining what had happened, the shepherd Nikita suggested that the deceased "saw a free-ram in a dream."

Bogatyr

The hero is the hero of a fairy tale, the son of Baba Yaga. Sent by her to exploits, he uprooted one oak tree, crushed another with his fist, and when he saw the third, with a hollow, he climbed in there and fell asleep, frightening the neighborhood with snoring. His fame was great. The hero was both afraid and hoped that he would gain strength in a dream. But centuries passed, and he was still sleeping, not coming to the aid of his country, no matter what happened to it. When, during an enemy invasion, they approached him to help him out, it turned out that the Bogatyr had long been dead and rotted. His image was so clearly aimed against the autocracy that the tale remained unpublished until 1917.

wild landlord

The wild landowner is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Having read the retrograde newspaper Vest, he foolishly complained that "there are too many divorced ... peasants," and tried in every possible way to oppress them. God heard the tearful peasant prayers, and "there was no peasant in the entire space of the possessions of the stupid landowner." He was delighted (the “clean” air became), but it turned out that now he could neither receive guests, nor eat himself, nor even wipe the dust from the mirror, and there was no one to pay taxes to the treasury. However, he did not deviate from his "principles" and as a result, he became wild, began to move on all fours, lost human speech and became like a predatory beast (once he did not bully the police officer himself). Worried about the lack of taxes and the impoverishment of the treasury, the authorities ordered "to catch the peasant and put him back." With great difficulty they also caught the landowner and brought him to a more or less decent appearance.

Karas-idealist

Karas-idealist - the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Living in a quiet backwater, he is sympathetic and cherishes dreams of the triumph of good over evil, and even of the opportunity to reason with Pike (whom he has never seen) that she has no right to eat others. He eats shells, justifying himself by the fact that "they climb into their mouths" and they have "not a soul, but steam." Having appeared before Pike with his speeches, for the first time he was released with the advice: "Go to sleep!" In the second, he was suspected of "sicilism" and pretty much bitten during interrogation by Okun, and the third time, Pike was so surprised at his exclamation: "Do you know what virtue is?" - that she opened her mouth and almost involuntarily swallowed her interlocutor. "In the image of Karas, the features of modern liberalism are grotesquely captured by the writer. Ruff is also a character in this tale. He looks at the world with bitter sobriety, seeing strife and savagery everywhere. Karas ironically over the reasoning, convicting him of perfect ignorance of life and inconsistency (Karas is indignant at Pike, but eats shells himself).However, he admits that "after all, you can talk with him alone," and at times even slightly hesitates in his skepticism, until the tragic outcome of the "dispute" Carp with Pike does not confirm his innocence.

sane hare

The sensible hare - the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, "reasoned so sensibly that it fit the donkey." He believed that "every animal has its own life" and that, although "everyone eats" hares, he is "not picky" and "agrees to live in every possible way." In the heat of this philosophizing, he was caught by the Fox, who, bored with his speeches, ate him.

Kissel

Kissel, the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, "was so flamboyant and soft that he did not feel any inconvenience from what he ate. The gentlemen were so fed up with them that they provided pigs with food, so, in the end, "only jelly was left dried scrapes", In a grotesque form, both peasant humility and the post-reform impoverishment of the village, robbed not only by the "lord" landowners, but also by new bourgeois predators, who, according to the satirist, like pigs, "satiety ... do not know ".

The book "Tales" includes thirty-two works that were created over four years (1883-1886). For Shchedrin's satire, the methods of artistic exaggeration, fantasy, allegory, and the convergence of the exposed social phenomena with the phenomena of the animal world are common. In the situation of government reaction, fairy tale fiction to some extent served as a means of artistic disguise for the most acute ideological and political ideas of the satirist. In the complex ideological content of the writer's tales, three main themes can be distinguished: satire on the governmental elite of the autocracy and on the exploiting classes ("The Bear in the Voivodeship", "The Wild Landowner"), the image of the life of the masses in tsarist Russia(“The Tale of How One Man Feeded Two Generals”) and denunciation of the behavior and psychology of the philistine-minded intelligentsia (“The wise scribbler”, “Liberal”, “Karas-idealist”). In his fairy tales, Saltykov-Shchedrin continues the traditions (folklore, fable, satirical, combinations of the real and the fantastic) that were formed in Russian literature before him. In The Tale of How One Peasant Feeded Two Generals, Shchedrin, using the techniques of witty fairy tale fiction, shows that the source of not only material well-being, but also the so-called noble culture, is the work of the peasant. Parasite generals, who are accustomed to live by other people's labor, found themselves on a desert island without servants, discovered the habits of hungry wild animals, ready to devour each other. The appearance of the muzhik saved them from the final brutalization and returned them to their usual "general" appearance. With bitter satire, the satirist portrayed the slavish behavior of the peasant. By depicting the pitiful fate of the hero of the fairy tale "The Wise Scribbler", distraught with fear, who walled himself up in a dark hole for life, the satirist publicly shamed the philistine intellectual, expressed contempt for those who, obeying the instinct of self-preservation, moved away from active social struggle into the narrow world of personal interests .

Summary Once upon a time there was a piskar. Before his death, his parents bequeathed him to live, looking at both. Piskar feels that trouble lies in wait for him everywhere, which can come from piskar neighbors, from big fish, from a person. The scribbler's father was nearly boiled in the ear. Piskar makes himself such a dwelling that only he could fit in it, and in such a place; where no one gets. At night he goes in search of food. All day long he “trembles” in his dwelling, suffers hardships, but tries to save his life. His life is threatened by crayfish, pike, but he manages to stay alive. A piskar cannot start a family for practical reasons: "I would like to live on my own." Piskar lived in loneliness and fear "for more than a hundred years." The pikes praise the squash for his caution, hoping that he will relax and they will be able to eat him. But the scribbler values his life and is therefore vigilant. He thinks about the words of the pikes: “If only everyone lived like this wise scribbler lives ...”, and it becomes obvious to him that if all squeakers lived like him, then there would be no scribblers for a long time. His life is barren and useless. Such scribblers "live, take up space for nothing and eat food." Piskar decides to get out of his home and once in a lifetime swim along the river. But he is so afraid that he does not carry out his plan. And dying, the scribbler is in fear. No one asks him how you can live a hundred years. He is called not wise, but "stupid". Piskary disappears. “Most likely, he died himself, because what sweetness is it for a pike to swallow an ailing, dying scribbler, and besides, a wise one?”

Summary On a desert island, there were two generals who had served all their lives “in some kind of registry; there they were born, brought up and grew old, therefore, they did not understand anything. They didn’t even know any words, except: “Accept the assurance of my perfect respect and devotion.” Waking up, the generals tell each other that they dreamed that they were on a desert island.

The wolf is the most feared predator in the forest. He spares neither hares nor sheep. He is able to kill all the cattle of an ordinary peasant and leave his family to starve. But the peasant, angry wolf without punishment, will not leave.

Bogatyr

A Bogatyr was born in a certain country. Baba Yaga gave birth to him and raised him. He grew tall and formidable. His mother went to rest, and he received an unprecedented freedom.

Faithful Trezor

Trezor was in the guard service of the merchant Vorotilov Nikanor Semenovich. It’s true that Trezor was on duty, he never left his guard post.

Petition Raven

There lived one old raven in the world, he longingly recalled the old times when everything was different, the ravens did not steal, but honestly got their own food. His heart ached from such thoughts.

Dried vobla

Dried vobla is a work of Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov - Shchedrin, a Russian writer with a great satirical talent.

Hyena

The story - teaching "Hyena" is a reasoning about how some people are similar to hyenas.

Lord Golovlev

The author in his work showed what outcome the "Golovlevism" leads to. Despite the tragedy of the denouement of the novel, Saltykov-Shchedrin makes it clear that the awakening of conscience is possible in the most degenerate, deceitful and out of his mind person.

village fire

The work "Village Fire" tells us about the tragic events that took place in the village of Sofonikhe. On a hot June day, when all the women and men were working in the field, a fire broke out in the village.

wild landlord

The story is about a wealthy landowner. Most of all, he was saddened by ordinary peasants. It so happened that his wish came true, and he was left alone in his estate.

Fool

This story took place in ancient times. A husband and wife lived in the world, they were quite smart, and a son was born to them - a fool. The parents argued about who he was born into, and named the baby Ivanushka.

History of one city

Over a century of history, 22 mayors have changed. And the archivists who compiled the chronicle wrote about all of them truthfully. The city traded in kvass, liver and boiled eggs.

Karas idealist

There was a dispute between crucian carp and ruff. Yorsh argued that it is impossible to live your whole life and not deceive. Karas is an idealist the protagonist story. Lives in a quiet place and leads discussions about the fact that fish cannot eat each other.

Kissel

The cook cooked jelly and called everyone to the table. The gentlemen tasted the food with pleasure, and fed their children. Everyone liked the jelly, it was very tasty. The cook was ordered to cook this dish every day

Konyaga

Konyaga - a tortured nag with protruding ribs, a matted mane, drooping upper lip, broken legs. Konyaga was tortured to death by hard labor

Liberal

There was a liberal in one country who, due to his own whims, was very skeptical about many things. Personal views and beliefs forced him at times to express incredulous judgments about what was happening around him.

Bear in the province

The fairy tale consists of small stories about three heroes - the Toptygins. All three were sent by Leo (in fact, by the monarch) to a distant forest for the province.

Eagle Patron

In this work, the Eagle seizes power in the forest-fields. It is clear that he is not a lion, not even a bear, that eagles usually live by robbery ... But this Eagle decided to set an example for others, to live like a landowner.

The story of how one man fed two generals

This work tells about how two generals, accustomed to living without worries and not knowing how to do anything, got on desert island. Hunger overcame them, they began to look for food, but since they were not adapted

wise gudgeon

The wise minnow lived all his life in a hole that he built himself. He was afraid for his life, and considered himself wise. He remembered the stories of his father and mother about the dangers.

Lost conscience

A story about how people suddenly lost their conscience. Without it, as it turned out, life became better. People began to rob, and eventually went berserk. Conscience forgotten by all lay on the road

Christmas tale

At the feast of the Nativity, the priest in the church spoke beautiful words. He told the essence of truth, that it was given to us along with the coming of Jesus and manifested itself in any situation in his life.

selfless hare

In the image of a hare, the Russian people are depicted, which are devoted to the last to their royal masters - wolves. Wolves, like true predators, scoff and eat hares. The hare is in a hurry to be engaged to the hare and does not stop in front of the wolf when he asks.

Neighbours

Two Ivans lived in a certain village. They were neighbors, one was rich, the other poor. Both Ivans were very good people.

about the author

Saltykov-Shchedrin's childhood was not fun, as his mother, having married early, turned into a cruel educator of six children, the last of whom was Mikhail. However, thanks to this rigor, he managed to learn several languages and, having received a good education at home, go to college. It is thanks to this educational institution at the end he received a state rank, and later worked as a journalist, then as an editor.

Despite all the efforts of his parents to make him the elite of society, Saltykov did not succumb to this and grew up as a foul-mouthed and reckless guy. However, he excelled in his studies, for which he received the title of secretary of the college, then he was promoted to adviser, which cannot be said about poetry, which was written free-thinkingly.

The writer continued his writings in the office of the military department, in the stories of which he raised issues of the revolution, after which he was sent into exile.

Michael was a writer of satire, able to skillfully express himself in Aesopian language, whose works are still relevant in their content.

After being exiled to Vyatka, he miraculously returns to St. Petersburg and becomes an internal affairs official, without stopping in his work, writing the stories "Provincial Essays", which became the basis for the intensive development of literature in Russia.

Knowing well the officials and representatives, he created images in which he described the characters and moral qualities nobles with comparison with vagabonds. For example, "The History of a City" was written in high level, full of satire and grotesque, citing the facts of that time.

In the fairy tale “The Wise Scribbler”, the narrator of a fish characterizes bribe-takers, careerists and fools, who are followed by crowds of people who senselessly follow them and their actions.

The "wild landowner" again talks about cynicism, where the comparison is already with the simple working people.

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote: “... Literature, for example, can be called Russian salt: what will happen if salt ceases to be salty, if it adds voluntary self-restraint to restrictions that do not depend on literature ...”

This article is about the fairy tale by Saltykov-Shchedrin "Konyaga". In a brief summary, we will try to understand what the author wanted to say.

about the author

Saltykov-Shchedrin M. E. (1826-1889) - an outstanding Russian writer. Born and spent his childhood in a noble estate with many serfs. His father (Evgraf Vasilyevich Saltykov, 1776-1851) was a hereditary nobleman. Mom (Zabelina Olga Mikhailovna, 1801-1874) was also from a noble family. Having received elementary education, Saltykov-Shchedrin entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. After graduation, he began his labor activity secretary in the military office.

In life, moving up in the service, he traveled a lot through the provinces and observed the desperately plight of the peasantry. Having a pen as a weapon, the author shares what he has seen with his reader, denouncing lawlessness, tyranny, cruelty, lies, immorality. Revealing the truth, he wanted the reader to be able to consider a simple truth behind a huge shaft of lies and myths. The writer hoped that the time would come when these phenomena would decrease and disappear, since he believed that the fate of the country was in the hands of the common people.

The author is outraged by the injustice happening in the world, the powerless, humiliated existence of serfs. In his works, he sometimes allegorically, sometimes directly denounces cynicism and callousness, stupidity and megalomania, greed and cruelty of those in power and authority at that time, the plight and hopeless situation of the peasantry. Then there was strict censorship, so the writer could not openly criticize the established state of affairs. But he could not silently endure, as " wise gudgeon”, so he clothed his thoughts in a fairy tale.

Tale of Saltykov-Shchedrin "Konyaga": a summary

The author writes not about a slender horse, not about a submissive horse, not about a fine mare, and not even about a hard worker horse. And about the goner-horse, poor fellow, hopeless, meek slave.

How does he live, Saltykov-Shchedrin wonders in Konyaga, without hope, without joy, without the meaning of life? Where does he get strength for the daily hard labor of endless labor? They feed him and let him rest only so that he does not die and can still work. Even from the brief content of the fairy tale "Konyaga" it is clear that the serf is not a person at all, but a labor unit. “... It is not his well-being that is needed, but a life capable of enduring the yoke of work ...” And if you do not plow, who needs you, only damage to the economy.

Weekdays

In a brief summary of the “Konyaga”, first of all, it is necessary to tell how the stallion all year round does its job monotonously. From day to day the same thing, furrow after furrow, with the last of his strength. The field does not end, do not plow plow. For someone field-space, for the horse - bondage. Like a "cephalopod", it sucked and pressed, taking away strength. Hard bread. But he doesn't exist either. Like water in dry sand: it was and is not.

And probably there was a time when a horse frolic like a foal on the grass, played with the breeze and thought how beautiful, interesting, deep life is, how it sparkles with different colors. And now he lies thin in the sun, with protruding ribs, with shabby hair and bleeding wounds. Mucus flows from the eyes and nose. Before the eyes of darkness and lights. And around the flies, gadflies, stuck around, drinking blood, climb into the ears, eyes. And you have to get up, the field is not plowed up, and there is no way to get up. Eat, they tell him, you won't be able to work. And there’s no strength to reach out to food, he won’t even move his ear.

Field

Wide expanses, covered with greenery and ripe wheat, are fraught with a huge magical power of life. She is chained in the ground. Freed, she would have healed the horse's wounds, removed the burden of worries from the peasant's shoulders.

In a brief summary of the "Konyaga" one cannot fail to tell how a horse and a peasant work on it day after day, like bees, giving their sweat, their strength, time, blood and life. For what? Wouldn't even a small fraction of the great power be enough for them?

Waste dances

In the summary of Saltykov-Shchedrin's "Konyaga" one cannot help but show horses-dancing. They consider themselves the chosen ones. Molded straw is for horses, and for them only oats. And they will be able to substantiate this competently, and convince that this is the norm. And their horseshoes are probably gilded and their manes are silky. They frolic in the expanse, creating for everyone the myth that the father-horse planned it that way: for one everything, for the other only a minimum, so that labor units do not die. And suddenly it is revealed to them that they are alluvial foam, and the peasant with the horse, who feed the whole world, are immortal. "How so?" - empty dancers will cackle, they will be surprised. How can a horse with a peasant be eternal? Where does their virtue come from? Each empty dance inserts its own. How can such an incident be justified for the world?

“Yes, he’s stupid, this man, he plows in the field all his life, where does the mind come from?” - something like this says one. AT modern presentation: "If so smart, why no money?" And what about the mind? The strength of the spirit is enormous in this frail body. “Labor gives him happiness and peace,” the other reassures himself. “Yes, he won’t be able to live in any other way, he’s used to the whip, take it away and he’ll disappear,” develops the third. And having calmed down, they joyfully wish, as if for the good of the disease: “... That's who you need to learn from! Here's who to imitate! N-but, hard labor, n-but!

Conclusion

The perception of the fairy tale "Konyaga" by Saltykov-Shchedrin is different for each reader. But in all his works the author regrets common man or denounces shortcomings ruling class. In the image of Konyaga and Peasant, the author has resigned, oppressed serfs, a huge number of working people who earn their little penny. “... How many centuries he bears this yoke - he does not know. How many centuries it is necessary to carry it ahead - does not count ... ”The content of the fairy tale“ Konyaga ”is like a brief digression into the history of the people.

BARAN-NEPOMNYASHCHY
The forgetful ram is the hero of a fairy tale. He began to see vague dreams that disturbed him, forcing him to suspect that "the world does not end with the walls of a barn." The sheep began mockingly calling him "wise man" and "philosopher" and shunned him. The ram withered and died. Explaining what had happened, the shepherd Nikita suggested that the deceased "saw a free ram in a dream."

BOGATYR
The hero is the hero of a fairy tale, the son of Baba Yaga. Sent by her to exploits, he uprooted one oak tree, crushed another with his fist, and when he saw the third, with a hollow, he climbed in there and fell asleep, frightening the neighborhood with snoring. His fame was great. The hero was both afraid and hoped that he would gain strength in a dream. But centuries passed, and he was still sleeping, not coming to the aid of his country, no matter what happened to it. When, during an enemy invasion, they approached him to help him out, it turned out that the Bogatyr had long been dead and rotted. His image was so clearly aimed against the autocracy that the tale remained unpublished until 1917.

WILD LANDMAN
The wild landowner is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Having read the retrograde newspaper Vest, he foolishly complained that "there are too many divorced ... peasants," and tried in every possible way to oppress them. God heard the tearful peasant prayers, and "there was no peasant in the entire space of the possessions of the stupid landowner." He was delighted (the “clean” air became), but it turned out that now he could neither receive guests, nor eat himself, nor even wipe the dust from the mirror, and there was no one to pay taxes to the treasury. However, he did not deviate from his "principles" and as a result became wild, began to move around on all fours, lost his human speech and became like a predatory beast (once he did not bully the police officer himself). Worried about the lack of taxes and the impoverishment of the treasury, the authorities ordered "to catch the peasant and put him back." With great difficulty they also caught the landowner and brought him to a more or less decent appearance.

KARAS-IDEALIST
Karas-idealist - the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Living in a quiet backwater, he is sympathetic and cherishes dreams of the triumph of good over evil, and even of the opportunity to reason with Pike (whom he has never seen) that she has no right to eat others. He eats shells, justifying himself by the fact that "they climb into their mouths" and they have "not a soul, but steam." Having appeared before Pike with his speeches, for the first time he was released with the advice: "Go to sleep!" In the second, he was suspected of "sicilism" and pretty much bitten during interrogation by Okun, and the third time, Pike was so surprised at his exclamation: "Do you know what virtue is?" - that she opened her mouth and almost involuntarily swallowed her interlocutor. "The features of contemporary liberalism are grotesquely captured in the image of Karas.

SANITARY HARE
The sensible hare - the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, "reasoned so sensibly that it fit the donkey." He believed that "every animal has its own life" and that, although "everyone eats" hares, he is "not picky" and "agrees to live in every possible way." In the heat of this philosophizing, he was caught by the Fox, who, bored with his speeches, ate him.

KISSEL
Kissel, the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, "was so flamboyant and soft that he did not feel any inconvenience from what he ate. The gentlemen were so fed up with them that they provided pigs with food, so, in the end, "only jelly was left dried scrapes". In a grotesque form, both peasant humility and the post-reform impoverishment of the village, robbed not only by the "masters" - landlords, but also by new bourgeois predators, who, according to the satirist, like pigs, "satiety ... do not know ".

The generals are characters in "The Tale of How One Man Feeded Two Generals." Miraculously, they found themselves on a desert island in the same nightgowns and with orders around their necks. They couldn’t do anything and, starving, they almost ate each other. Having changed their minds, they decided to look for a peasant and, having found it, demanded that he feed them. In the future, they lived by his labors, and when they got bored, he built "such a vessel so that you could swim across the ocean-sea." Upon returning to St. Petersburg, G. received a pension accumulated over the past years, and a glass of vodka and a nickel of silver were granted to their breadwinner.

Ruff is a character in the fairy tale "Karas-Idealist". He looks at the world with bitter sobriety, seeing strife and savagery everywhere. Karas ironically over the reasoning, convicting him of complete ignorance of life and inconsistency (Karas is indignant at Pike, but eats shells himself). However, he admits that “after all, you can talk with him alone to your liking,” and at times even slightly hesitates in his skepticism, until the tragic outcome of the “dispute” between Karas and Pike confirms his innocence.

Liberal is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. “He was eager to do a good deed,” but out of apprehension he moderated his ideals and aspirations more and more. At first, he acted only “if possible”, then agreeing to receive “at least something” and, finally, acting “in relation to meanness”, consoling himself with the thought: “Today I’m wallowing in the mud, and tomorrow the sun will come out, dry the dirt - I’m done again -Well done!" The eagle-philanthropist is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. He surrounded himself with a whole court staff and even agreed to start sciences and arts. However, he soon got tired of it (however, the Nightingale was driven out immediately), and he brutally cracked down on the Owl and the Falcon, who tried to teach him to read and write and arithmetic, imprisoned the historian Woodpecker in a hollow, etc. The wise scribbler is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, “enlightened, moderately -liberal". From childhood, he was frightened by his father's warnings about the danger of getting into the ear and concluded that "you need to live in such a way that no one notices." He dug a hole, just to fit himself, did not make any friends or family, lived and trembled, having even received pike praise in the end: “Now, if everyone lived like that, it would be quiet in the river!” It was only before his death that the “wise man” realized that in such a case “perhaps the entire screech family would have died out long ago.” The story of the wise scribbler in exaggerated form expresses the meaning, or rather the entire nonsense, of the cowardly attempts to "dedicate oneself to the cult of self-preservation," as the book Abroad says. The features of this character are clearly visible, for example, in the heroes of Modern Idyll, in Polozhilov and other Shchedrin heroes. The remark made by the then critic in the Russkiye Vedomosti newspaper is also characteristic: “We are all more or less scribblers ...”

WISE PISKAR
The wise scribbler is the "enlightened, moderately liberal" hero of the tale. From childhood, he was frightened by his father's warnings about the danger of getting into the ear and concluded that "you need to live in such a way that no one notices." He dug a hole, just to fit himself, did not make any friends or family, lived and trembled, Having received even pike praises in the end: "Now, if everyone lived like that, it would be quiet in the river!" It was only before his death that the “wise man” realized that in this case, “perhaps the entire piss-kary family would have died out long ago.” The story of the wise scribbler in exaggerated form expresses the meaning, or rather the entire nonsense, of the cowardly attempts to "devote oneself to the cult of self-preservation," as it is said in the book Abroad. The features of this character are clearly visible, for example, in the heroes of "Modern Idyll", in Polozhilov and other Shchedrin heroes. Characteristic is the remark made by the then critic in the Russkiye Vedomosti newspaper: "We are all more or less scribblers..."

Pustoplyas is a character in the fairy tale "Konyaga", the "brother" of the hero, unlike him, leading an idle life. The personification of the local nobility. The arguments of idle dancers about Konyaga as the embodiment of common sense, humility, “life of the spirit and spirit of life”, etc., are, as a contemporary critic wrote to the writer, “an insulting parody” of the then theories that sought to justify and even exalt “hard labor” labor peasants, their downtroddenness, darkness and passivity.

Ruslantsev Seryozha - the hero of the "Christmas Tale", a ten-year-old boy. After preaching about the need to live according to the truth, said, as the author seems to remark in passing, “for the holiday,” S. decided to do so. But both the mother, the priest himself, and the servants warn him that "one must live with the truth looking back." Shocked by the discrepancy between high words (truly - a Christmas tale!) and real life, stories about the sad fate of those who tried to live in truth, the hero fell ill and died. The selfless hare is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Caught by the Wolf and meekly sitting in anticipation of his fate, not daring to run even when the brother of his bride comes for him and says that she is dying of grief. Released to see her, he returns, as he promised, receiving condescending wolf praise.

Toptygin 1st - one of the heroes of the fairy tale "The Bear in the Voivodeship". He dreamed of capturing himself in history with a brilliant atrocity, but with a hangover he mistook a harmless siskin for an “internal adversary” and ate it. He became a universal laughing stock and was no longer able to improve his reputation even with his superiors, no matter how hard he tried - “he climbed into the printing house at night, smashed the machines, mixed the type, and dumped the works of the human mind into the waste pit.” "And if he started right from the printing houses, he would be ... a general."

Toptygin 2nd - a character in the fairy tale "The Bear in the Voivodeship". Arriving at the voivodeship in the hope of destroying the printing house or burning down the university, he found that all this had already been done. I decided that it was no longer necessary to eradicate the "spirit", but "to be taken straight for the skin." Having climbed up to a neighboring peasant, he pulled up all the cattle and wanted to destroy the yard, but he was caught and planted in disgrace on a horn.

Toptygin the 3rd is a character in the fairy tale "The Bear in the Voivodeship". I faced a painful dilemma: “If you mess up a little, they will ridicule you; if you mess up a lot, they’ll raise it on a horn ... ”Arriving at the voivodeship, he hid in a den, without taking control, and found that even without his intervention everything in the forest was going on as usual. He began to leave the lair only “to receive the appropriated maintenance” (although in the depths of his soul he wondered “why the governor was sent”). Later he was killed by hunters, like "all fur-bearing animals", also in a routine manner.