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Educational requirements. Hygienic requirements for educational and industrial buildings of educational institutions. Organization of work on self-education

1. About application area

This standard applies to the development of teaching aids in disciplines of any profile.

The standard sets uniform requirements to the structure and form of presentation of teaching aids.

The standard is intended for university professors who develop educational and theoretical publications.

2. About general provisions

Tutorial- educational and theoretical publication, officially approved as this type of publication, partially or completely replacing or supplementing the textbook. The textbook serves as one of the main sources of knowledge on a specific academic discipline and is intended for independent assimilation by their students.

Target study guide - organization independent work students to master the theoretical material of the discipline.

Tasks of the tutorial:

  • presentation of the system of knowledge on the academic discipline (its part, section)*;
  • disclosure of course content in a form convenient for study and assimilation;
  • control cognitive activity students.

The main functions performed by the tutorial:

  • informational and educational;
  • reference;
  • stimulating or motivational;
  • self-education;
  • self-control or consolidation of knowledge;
  • educational.

__________________________________________________________________
* - in some cases (when included in the program of the discipline new topic, the emergence of new scientific data on the topic) a tutorial can be prepared on one topic. The requirements for the content and design of such a manual are similar to the above requirements.

Requirements for the study guide:

  • systematic, logical and consistent presentation of knowledge in a particular academic discipline;
  • scientific character, compliance of the information presented current state sciences and cultures: disclosure of the main theories, laws, scientific explanation phenomena, facts, causal relationships, etc.;
  • reliability, reliability of information, the inclusion of well-established knowledge of the basics of science;
  • accuracy in defining concepts and characterizing terms;
  • observance of the principle of succession: content educational material should be based on the previously studied, with a gradual increase in the complexity of the information presented, with a demonstration of intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary connections;
  • connection between theory and practice;
  • the unity of the concrete and the abstract;
  • clarity of structure, "portioning" of the material presented - division educational information into parts, sections, chapters, paragraphs;
  • accessibility of presentation;
  • compliance of the language and style of presentation with the norms of Russian literary speech;
  • conciseness and expressiveness;
  • orientation to the activation of independent work of students;
  • ensuring the motivation of learning, the formation and maintenance of the internal motivation of the stimulating student for active creative work.
  • The textbook must be at least5 p.l ., which is approximately 120 pages of A4 format, typed at one and a half intervals, size 13-14.

3. With textbook structure

3.1 Elements of the study guide: cover, title page, flip side title page, main text, reference apparatus, questions to consolidate the material (can be presented separately or in the main text after each section).

3.1.1. The cover should contain the following elements:

  • title;
  • place and year of publication.

3.1.2. The title page must include the following elements:

  • full name of the ministry, university;
  • information about the author (s): initials, surname;
  • name of the academic discipline;
  • a stamp allowing (approving, allowing or recommending) the use of this publication as a teaching aid for students studying in the relevant specialty (specialties);
  • place and year of publication.

The reverse side of the title page includes the following elements:

  • information about reviewers;
  • bibliographic description;
  • annotation for the textbook;
  • copyright protection sign indicating full name author(s), year of publication.

3.1.3. The main text of the textbook is the direct result of the author's creativity; verbal material, didactically and methodically processed and systematized by the author, reflecting the content of the course or part of it.

3.1.3.1. Depending on the functions performed, the main text may include epistemological and instrumental-practical texts.

3.1.3.1.1. Theoretical-cognitive texts perform an informational function and include the following elements:

  • basic concepts and their definitions;
  • basic terms and language of a specific area scientific knowledge and the specialized activity that the discipline represents;
  • basic laws, regularities and their consequences;
  • characteristics of the development of leading ideas and promising directions;
  • basic facts (phenomena, objects, processes, events, experiences);
  • materials that are the basis for the formation of the personality of a specialist, his worldview;
  • findings.

3.1.3.1.2. Instrumental-practical texts perform transformative, transformational functions of applying the acquired knowledge and include the following pages of the manual, where these objects are considered or mentioned. The purpose of the index is the most complete disclosure of the content of the textbook, ensuring the prompt search for information (basic concepts, ideas, facts, names, etc.) in it.

3.1.4. The reference apparatus can be represented by the main types of indexes: nominal, subject, chronological, indexes of formulas, symbols and other designations; thematic and systematic.

3.1.4.1. The name index (name index) contains an alphabetical list of surnames with initials or other designations of names (pseudonyms, nicknames, etc.) indicating the number of pages of the textbook on which this surname occurs. Varieties of the name index: index of authors, index of collectives, index of organizations, index of personalities.

3.1.4.2. The subject index (alphabetical-subject index) contains an alphabetical list of subjects considered in the textbook. Varieties of subject index: geographical or index geographical names, index of terms, index of minerals and others.

3.1.4.3. The chronological index presents the material (time periods: years, centuries, epochs) of the textbook in time sequence, with a link to the corresponding pages. Usually the index gives a chronology of events or dates significant events in the lives of individuals.

3.1.4.4. Index of symbols, formulas and other notations. The various formulas, symbols, and other designations in this index are in alphabetical order, if they are alphabetic, or in order of importance. If such an arrangement is not possible, they are systematized in accordance with the serial numbering of the pages on which they are placed.

3.1.4.5. Thematic and systematic indexes reflect the content of the textbook on major key topics. The subject index is an alphabetical list of subject headings with links to the relevant pages. The systematic index contains rubrics in hierarchical rather than alphabetical order and also links to the corresponding pages of the study guide.

3.1.4.6. Applications - part of the reference apparatus of the textbook, containing supporting information of a scientific and reference nature, explaining, commenting on or supplementing the main text.

Teacher-organizer of OBZH Degtyarev A.I.,

TEACHER OF THE HIGHER CATEGORY, VETERAN OF LABOR

Availability of regulatory school documentation for the opening and

functioning of the study room:

(according to the profile of the office);

    order for the appointment of office and laboratory assistant, their functional

Responsibilities (according to the profile of the cabinet):

    the passport of the office, issued with an indication of the functional purpose, the equipment and devices available in it. technical means visual aids, textbooks, teaching aids, didactic materials, etc.;

    inventory and defective list for existing equipment and inventory;

    safety rules for working in the office;

    rules for using the classroom by students;

    an act of acceptance of the study room by the school administration in order to prepare the study room for functioning;

    decision protocol methodological commission of the school on the readiness of the classroom to provide conditions for the implementation of the educational program

(according to the profile of the cabinet) for a specific academic year;

    work plan of the study room for the academic year and perspective;

    journal of registration of the functioning of the study room for the implementation of the work plan for the academic year;

    conclusions of the methodological commission on the readiness of software, educational and methodological complexes of teaching aids (thematic planning,

didactic materials, reference notes, diagrams, still pictures, slides,

tables, answer plans, etc.) in the office for the successful implementation of the educational program of the school (according to the profile of the office);

    analytical material on the implementation of the educational program in the profile of the cabinet in the current academic year;

    self-analysis of the work of the office by the teacher;

    planned measures to eliminate identified shortcomings in the work of the Cabinet.

1.2. Compliance with safety regulations and sanitary and hygienic standards in the classroom.

1.3. Compliance with aesthetic requirements for the design of the classroom:

    the optimal expediency of space organization (the place of the teacher, student places, the presence of a tribune, a podium for a number of subject rooms, etc.);

    the presence of permanent and replaceable educational and information stands, photographic materials, textbook materials, etc. (according to the work plan of the classroom).

2. Requirements for educational and methodological support of the classroom

2.1. The staffing of the office with educational equipment, educational and methodological complex, a set of teaching aids necessary for the implementation of the educational program of the school.

2.2. Compliance of the educational and methodological complex and a set of teaching aids according to the profile of the cabinet with the requirements of the education standard and the educational program.

2.3. Availability of a set of didactic materials typical tasks(, tests,

control works, essay. essays and other materials for diagnosing the quality of education and educational process(according to the profile of the office).

2.4. Equipped with training tools to ensure variable program, programs additional education framedxoffice functioning.

3. The provision of conditions for the successful fulfillment by students of the requirements for educational training based on classroom

3.1. Provision of textbooks, didactic materials, handouts in accordance with educational program schools.

3.2. Open and visual presentation to students of the minimum required content of education and requirements for the level of compulsory training (education standard).

3.3. Open and visual presentation to students of samples of measuring instruments for fulfilling the requirements of the educational standard.

3.4. Providing students with a set of standard tasks, tests, essays, tests, etc. to diagnose the fulfillment of the requirements of the basic and advanced levels of the educational standard.

3.5. Poster material of the study room: examples of successful fulfillment by students of the requirements of educational standards, analysis common mistakes, the results of an intellectual marathon, olympiads, competitions, students performing creative tasks

and etc.

3.6. Classroom Poster Material: Guidelines for Students on Designing Their learning activities, on the implementation of the program for the development of social skills, on the organization and implementation of homework, on preparation for various forms of educational and cognitive activities (workshop, seminar, laboratory work, testing, test, colloquium, interview, exam, etc.).

3.7 . The screen of the effectiveness of the implementation of the educational standard by students.

3.8. Schedule of the study room for the compulsory program, extracurricular activities, additional education program, individual lessons with the lagging behind, with the gifted. students, consultations, etc.

3.9. Samples customized curricula, student programs, results and analysis of their implementation according to the profile of the cabinet.

3.10. Evaluation of the activities of the classroom by students.

4. Requirements for planning and organization of work

educational office for creating optimal conditions

for the successful implementation of the educational program of the school, transferring it to the mode of operation as a developing and developing school

4.1. Unconditional fulfillment by teachers and students of the requirements of the educational standard.

4.2. Development and implementation of an individual educational program

(according to the profile of the study room).

4.3. Implementation of the methodology of developmental education.

4.4. Differentiation of learning.

4.5. Humanitarianization of education.

5. Sanitary and hygienic requirements for classrooms

5.1. Placement of student tables (desks) in the office. In classrooms of the usual rectangular configuration, TABLES are placed in three rows with the necessary illumination of workplaces, gaps between rows of desks (tables) and walls. AtTHIS the following distance must be maintained:

    from the outer wall to the first row of desks (tables) - at least 0.5 m;

    from the inner wall to the third row - 0.5 m;

    from the back wall to the last desks (tables) - 0.65 m;

    from the blackboard to the first desks (tables) -2m;

    from the blackboard to the last desk (table) - no more than 8 m;

    between rows - 0.6 m.

In each class, in accordance with the number of height groups, it is necessary to place furniture at least three different groups (rooms).

For schoolchildren, a growth scale was adopted with an interval of 15 cm. In accordance

with this scale, desks and sets of student tables with chairs of six numbers are made.

Dimensions of desks, student tables and chairs

me

leucorrhea

Group

Growth group, cm

Height of student-facing tabletop (above the floor, in cm)

Height of the front edge of the seat (above the floor, in cm)

Color coding

table

Group

tables

chairs

Group

chairs

furniture

Group

furniture

100- 115

46,0

26,0

Orange

115-130

52,0

54,0

30,0

32,0

Violet

Yellow

130- 145

58,0

60,0

34,0

36,0

Yellow

Red

145- 160

64,0

66,0

38,0

40,0

Red

Blue

160- 175

70,0

72,0

42,0

44,0

Green

Green

From 175

76,0

78,0

46,0

48,0

Blue

Classrooms for students of the 5th grade are equipped with double student tables, while the number of stolons of each number is determined by the number of cabinets per subject. For the equipment of classrooms, most of all furniture of groups B, C and D is required. The approximate distribution of furniture by class is presented in the table.

Distribution of furniture by class

Class

furniture

8 I

The seating of students should be done by teachers and class teachers under the guidance of a doctor (nurse) after measuring the height of students (in shoes) at the beginning of each academic year.

According to hygienic requirements, workplaces in classrooms in classrooms behind the first and second desks in any row should be assigned to students with hearing loss. Visually impaired students should be seated at the front of the row by the window. With good visual acuity correction with glasses, students can sit in any row. For students with rheumatic diseases who are prone to frequent sore throats and acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, it is better to take jobs away from windows.

At least twice during the academic year, students sitting in the 1st and 3rd rows change places without violating the correspondence of the desk number to their height.

When equipping classrooms for students of 6 years of age, it is recommended to use preschool furniture.

When arranging in the classroom, smaller furniture is placed closer to the blackboard, and larger furniture is further away. In cases where it becomes necessary to place the furniture of large rooms closer to the blackboard, it should only be placed first in the 1st and 3rd (4th) rows.

The surface of the chalkboard should be smooth, without flaws and bulges, evenly painted over the entire area. The color of the coating can be dark green, dark brown, black. The state of visual functions, as well as the working capacity of students, are more favorable when reading and copying text written on a dark green board with bright yellow chalk. The lower edge of the chalkboard above the floor is set: for elementary school at the level of 75-80 cm. for students in grades 5-11 - 80-90 cm.

5.2. Lighting classrooms.

Natural lighting of classrooms, classrooms. laboratories, workshops and other main premises - it is considered sufficient when the coefficient of natural light in the place farthest from the window reaches 1.75-2.0% (central Russia).

The main flow of light in classrooms should be provided only on the left side of the students. During training sessions bright light should not blind the eyes, so light openings in the wall on which the blackboard is located are not allowed. Randomly hanging posters, stands, etc. on the walls of classrooms drastically reduces the light reflection of surfaces, which is why her manuals should be hung on the wall opposite the board, so. so that the top edge of objects is not located higher than 1.75 cm from the floor. Cabinets and other equipment should be installed against the rear wall of the room.

In drawing and drawing classrooms, the windows are optimally oriented to the north, northeast, northwest, and in biology classrooms - to the south.

The light openings of the classrooms are equipped with adjustable sun protection devices such as blinds, fabric curtains in light colors that match the color of the walls and furniture. In the non-working state, the curtains must be placed in the piers between the windows. Curtains made of PVC film are not used. Artificial lighting is just as important as natural lighting. In central Russia, at the beginning of classes at 8:30 a.m. in the first two lessons, the illumination in the workplace with natural light is insufficient. In this regard, it is necessary to turn on artificial lighting for the first two lessons.

The blackboard is illuminated by two mirror lamps installed parallel to it. These lamps are placed 0.3 m above the top edge of the board and 0.6 m towards the classroom in front of the board.

To maximize the use of daylight and uniform illumination of classrooms, it is recommended:

    do not paint over window panes;

    do not place flowers on window sills - they should be placed in portable flower beds 65-70 cm high from the floor or hanging planters in the window piers;

    Cleaning and washing of glasses should be carried out 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).

5.3. Finishing classrooms.

For the decoration of classrooms, finishing materials and paints are used that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients:

    for the ceiling - 0.7-0.8;

    for walls - 0.5-0.6;

    for the floor - 0.3-0.5. The following paint colors should be used:

    for the walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige, pink, green, blue;

    for furniture (desks, tables, cabinets) - natural colors

    wood or light green;

    for chalkboards - dark green, dark brown;

    for doors, window frames - white.

5.4. The volume of educational information transmitted by audiovisual means.

When using audiovisual technical teaching aids (AV TCO) in educational institutions, the duration of their continuous use in educational process set according to the table.

The duration of continuous use in the classroom of various technical teaching aids

Classes

Watch duration 1

min.)

Audio playback

(min.)

Filmstrips. transparencies

cinema, video films

educational TV programs

1-2

7-15

15-20

UP TO 15

3-4

15-20

15-20

5-7

20-25

20-25

20-25

UP TO 20

8-11

25-30

25-30

5 .5. Air-thermal regime.

The area of ​​properly functioning transoms and vents in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and vents should function at any time of the year. Study rooms are ventilated during breaks.

The duration of cross-ventilation is determined by weather conditions, and cross-ventilation is carried out before and after classes.

Duration of cross-ventilation of classrooms depending on the outdoor temperature

Outdoor Temperature

Duration of room ventilation (min.

in small changes

BEI OO SPO "Bolkhov Pedagogical College"

Implementation of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard in the organization of work

classroom or training workshop

Prepared by:

5th year student of group "G"

Zakharov Anton Vitalievich

O in the classroom in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of the second generation- this is an educational unit, which is a means of implementing the main educational program of primary general education, ensuring the creation of a modern subject-educational environment for teaching elementary school, taking into account the goals established by the Federal State Educational Standard of the OO. The equipment of the classroom should contribute to solving the problems of the main educational programs that ensure the implementation of the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standards. The classroom equipment includes: printed matter; printed manuals; on-screen audio aids, including in digital form, an interactive whiteboard; technical training aids (means of information and communication technologies); games and toys; educational-practical and educational-laboratory equipment; natural objects; the use of objects made independently by the teacher, students and their parents is allowed. Such objects may include illustrative materials, video materials. Photo albums, layouts, etc. Classes in the office should contribute to: the transition from reproductive forms of educational activity to independent ones; search and research types of work; the formation of skills to work with various types of information and its sources; the formation of a communicative culture of students; formation of a system of universal learning activities; development of abilities for self-control, self-esteem, self-analysis; education of a highly organized personality. Study load The office should be no more than 36 hours a week. New GEF requirements for the classroom

Availability of regulatory documents in the office (State educational standard, calendar plans, meters, requirements, etc.), regulating activities for the implementation State program by subject. The staffing of the classroom with educational equipment, an educational and methodological complex of teaching aids necessary for the implementation of educational programs implemented by the school on the basis of the "List of educational and computer equipment for equipping educational institutions» in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards of NOUs and LLCs. Compliance of the educational and methodological complex and the complex of teaching aids with the requirements of the education standard and educational programs. Provision of textbooks, didactic materials, handouts in accordance with the educational program of the school. The presence of variable didactic material on the main topics of the subjects taught by the teacher (cards with options for tasks, exercises, questions, etc.), which is necessary for the implementation of the curricula implemented by the school as a result of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO and LLC. This didactic material should be updated by the teacher as needed in accordance with the passage curriculum, changing the interests of children. Didactic material can be stored, including on electronic media. Availability of plans and reports of the teacher's work, outline plans open lessons, teacher's speeches at meetings methodical associations, meetings, teachers' councils, seminars, conferences, etc., teacher's printed works, multimedia presentation (video materials, computer presentations of open lessons, parent meetings, extracurricular activities etc.) (A teacher's portfolio can be presented in electronic format on the teacher's pedagogical website). Compliance with aesthetic requirements for the design of the office: the presence of permanent and replaceable educational and information stands. The poster material of the classroom should contain: the state educational standard for the subject (the minimum required content of education and the requirements for the level of compulsory training); recommendations for students on the design of their educational activities (preparation for testing, exams, workshops, etc.); safety rules for work and behavior in the office; materials used in the educational process; exhibition works of students; recommendations on organizing and doing homework, on preparing for various forms of diagnostics; cool corner. Compliance with safety regulations (book on safety briefing), sanitary and hygienic standards in the classroom. Availability of work schedule of the classroom for the compulsory program, the program of additional education, individual lessons with lagging behind, with gifted students, consultations, etc.

Device, equipment and content educational institutions must comply with the sanitary rules for the arrangement and maintenance of educational institutions of various education systems and are designed based on 18, 24, 32, 48 and 64 study groups, i.e. for 540, 720, 960,1440 and 1920 students respectively.

The main hygienic requirement for educational institutions is the creation of favorable conditions for theoretical training, industrial training and practice.

The second essential requirement is the placement of these educational institutions near enterprises that are bases for internships, but with mandatory observance of sanitary protection zones. Educational institutions should be located on an independent isolated section of the residential territory of cities and towns in industrial areas, close to basic enterprises (especially for educational institutions for vocational training youth). Rural educational institutions should be located in regional centers, near enterprises for the production and processing of agricultural products.

The third hygienic requirement dictates the need to provide favorable hygienic conditions for both classes and recreation for adolescents. For this purpose, three groups of premises should be provided: educational, training and production, hostels. They should be separated, designed in separate buildings, but in close proximity to each other.

The area of ​​the land plot is provided at the rate of 20 m2 per student, on the territory of which the following zones are allocated: educational and industrial, sports, economic, residential.

The placement of buildings of educational institutions on the site should ensure the correct orientation of the main educational and residential premises, as well as favorable lighting and insolation conditions.

Educational and residential premises are recommended to be oriented to the south. southeast and east, technical drawing rooms - to the north, northeast, northwest, while they must be provided with at least 3 hours of continuous solar exposure for the period from 22.03 to 22.09 in areas south of 60 ° N. W . and from 22.04 to 22.08 - in areas north of 60°N.3. the distance from the windows of classrooms to tree trunks - at least 10 m and to shrub plantings - at least 5 m.

In the buildings of educational institutions, it is necessary to provide educational premises for theoretical classes, training and production workshops, educational and sports, cultural and mass purposes, administrative and service, auxiliary, warehouse, canteens, hostels, sanatoriums-dispensaries.

Educational institutions should have no more than 4 floors, educational and industrial - 1-2 floors, hostels - 3 floors.

Educational premises should be isolated from training and production workshops, sports and assembly halls, catering facilities, which are a source of noise and unpleasant odors. In basements, basements, you can only place dressing rooms, sanitary facilities, showers, pantries, book depositories and dining rooms.

The floor height of educational institutions is assumed to be 3.3 m from floor to floor of the overlying floor, educational and industrial premises - depending on the technological equipment, the rest - according to the relevant standards.

The area of ​​classrooms and group audiences should be at least 50 m2, classrooms in the specialty - 60 - 72 m2, a room of technical teaching aids - 72 m2, laboratories, drawing and graphic works, course and diploma design - 72 - 90 m2 and preparatory -18m2.

Auxiliary premises (lobby, cloakroom, recreation, bathrooms) should be taken from the calculation: lobby and cloakroom - 0.25 m2 per student, recreational premises - 0.62 m2 per student, sanitary facilities - one toilet bowl for 30 women, one toilet bowl and one urinal for 40 men, one washbasin for 60 men.

Every school should have a cafeteria. The premises of the dining room and kitchen are allocated in a separate block on the ground floor and must have access to the utility yard.

The number of seats in the dining hall should be equal to 20% of the total number of students in secondary specialized educational institutions and 1/3 of the number of students in vocational schools. The distance between tables and distribution is at least 150 - 200 cm, between rows and the wall - 40 - 60 cm.

Assembly halls of educational institutions located in cities are designed for the simultaneous placement of 173, and in rural settlements-1/2 of the total number of students, at the rate of 0.65 m2 per seat.

At the assembly hall, a cinema room (30 m2), a radio center (10 m2), rooms for amateur groups (at least 4 rooms per 12 m2), an inventory pantry (10 m2) and a lavatory are provided.

In the library - book depository for 1 student should be 50 - 60 units of the book fund, for 1000 units - 2.2 m2 of area. In the reading room, it is necessary to provide 2.2 m2 of space for 1 seat. The number of seats in the reading room depends on the capacity of the educational institution:

  • for 540 students - 50 places;
  • for 720 - 55 seats;
  • for 960 - 60 seats;
  • for 1440 - 85 seats.

Equipment and interior decoration.

When painting educational and industrial premises, the following recommendations should be followed:

The premises of metalworking and woodworking workshops are painted with soothing tones of green and yellow spectrum;

The same colors, but brighter, can also be used in rooms where students visit before starting work (lobby, cloakroom, locker room);

In the area where production equipment is located, calmer, muted tones are recommended that have a calming effect (blue, green-blue, yellow-green);

The fixed parts of metal-cutting machines are painted light green, the moving parts - cream;

Individual elements of equipment and architectural and building structures (shopping walls, columns, seats, stands) can be painted in brighter and more contrasting colors;

Warm colors should be used in recreation areas: yellow, yellow-green, orange.

Ceilings in all rooms are painted with white adhesive paint. The floors in the premises must be durable, fire-resistant, waterproof, with low thermal conductivity, low abrasion, silent when walking, accessible for repairs and cleaning. Floors in various premises of the educational institution are made taking into account the purpose of these premises.

Floors in educational and educational premises should be wooden or made of linoleum on a warm basis. In order to prevent various mercury poisoning in laboratories of chemistry, physics and preparatory floors, it is necessary to cover the floors with seamless linoleum embedded under the baseboards and climbing the wall to a height of 15 cm.

In gymnasiums, the floor is covered with resilient, warm, sound-absorbing, non-slip and monochrome materials. The best is the slatted floor. Metal parts to strengthen the shells are flush with the level of the "sixth" floor. The materials used for the manufacture of floors in training and production workshops should provide a smooth and non-slip surface that is easy to clean.

The heat absorption coefficient should be no more than 5 kcal / cm ~ -g - deg). The most acceptable are asphalt, xylolite and other warm floors. In auxiliary rooms (showers, toilets), the floors are covered with metlakh tiles.

Equipment in workshops should be placed perpendicular or at an angle of 30 - 45° to the light-bearing wall. The distance between the rows of machines is 1.2 m, between the machines in the rows is at least 0.8 mm.

The volume of industrial premises per worker must be at least 15 m3, and the area of ​​​​the premises - at least 4.5 m2.

Thus, the design and construction of new, reconstruction of existing (existing) educational "institutions is carried out in accordance with the requirements of chapter SNiP II -66-78" vocational and secondary specialized educational institutions. Design standards "that ensure safety, guarantee the preservation of health and human performance.