Description of the appearance of a person. Forensic examination of external signs of a person (gabitoscopy). Description of the appearance and its components

The description of a person's appearance in forensic practice and investigative research is carried out both arbitrarily and using a special technique.

Definition 1

An arbitrary description is a description given by a witness (eyewitness). To do this, he uses words and expressions that are inherent in everyday speech.

The verbal portrait of criminalistics is considered within the framework of a systematic description, which uses the method of compiling a verbal portrait. The basis of such a description began to be developed by A. Bertillon in late XIX century. It makes it possible to give a uniform description of the elements of appearance, including the same signs and the same perception of this description. Achieving uniformity occurs with the help of the basic principles of description appearance, for what:

• a special (standardized) terminology is used for description, which contributes to the elimination of inconsistencies in the system of signs, ensuring the principle of their uniformity and eliminating inaccuracies. This often helps to prevent errors;
• a certain sequence of description is observed, carried out from the general to the particular (top to bottom). First of all, the figure as a whole is characterized, and later the specialist can describe some areas of the body (for example, the torso, head, arms and legs, the most obvious signs of anatomical elements), as well as special signs and functional signs;
• provide for the maximum completeness of the description, including all the signs that together make it possible to distinguish a certain person from among those around him;
• a person is described in full face and in the right profile (in some situations in height and from other sides), while special signs can be described on the right or on the left side of the person’s face;
• a person is described in a normal (standard) head position and appearance;
• highlighting when describing special signs.

Description of the appearance and its components

The verbal portrait method is used in the forensic description of the external appearance of people. It includes a description of the feature (anatomy, functional and associated features). Also in this process, gender, age, nationality are determined, the figure and head are considered as a whole.

The description of the shoulders occurs according to the following features: size (narrow, medium, wide), horizontal position (raised, horizontal, lowered), structural features (higher or lower in relation to each other, very wide or narrow).

The chest, in accordance with the size, can be wide, medium width or narrow, convex or concave in shape. Other signs are the position (protruding, sunken), aspects (the presence of a hump, "bird's chest", etc.).

The back can be wide, medium width or narrow in size, convex, straight or concave along the contour. Its features are also noted (the presence of a hump, the shoulder blades protrude strongly, etc.).

The size of the hands is described in general, they can be short, medium length, long, as well as thin, medium thickness, thick. Hands can be long, short; narrow or wide. There is also a description of the fingers, which can be long, medium length, short, including the shape and size of the nails, their surface (ribbed, convex, flat). Nails can be long or short. The hands have their own characteristics, including calluses, missing fingers or joints, abundant hair on the outer part of the hands, etc.

When describing the legs, they are considered as a whole by size (thin, medium thickness, thick; long, medium length, short). In accordance with the shape, they can be straight, "O"-shaped, "X"-shaped. The size of the foot is characterized by its size (long, medium length, short; narrow, medium width, wide). Among the features, one can distinguish missing elements (nails, fingers), thickening of the joints and fusion of fingers, etc.

Description of the head in a verbal portrait

The head as a whole has a small, medium or large size. The shape of its parietal part can be flat, domed, ovoid. Relative to the vertical, the position is evaluated, which can be protruding, vertical or oblique.

Human hair can be described according to abundance (rarity, thickness), length (long, short, medium length), type (curly, straight, wavy), color (light blond, blond, dark blond, black, red), frontal line (straight, arcuate, wavy, broken).

The description of a person's face is primarily made according to proportions. It can be narrow, medium width, wide. The following features are also considered: the shape of the contour in full face and profile, fullness (full, thin, average), skin color (pink, white, swarthy).

Remark 1

Among the features, one can distinguish the presence of wrinkles, including their severity and depth; beard, mustache, freckles, etc.

As a rule, the description of the forehead begins with determining its size (narrow, medium, wide), contour (straight, convex, wavy). In conclusion, the features are determined (bulge, obliqueness, highly developed frontal tubercles, etc.).

Eyebrows can be described by size, abundance, contour (straight, arched, wavy, broken), position in relation to the horizontal and relative position (beveled inward, outward, close together, apart), features (busy, fused).

The eyes are evaluated by the size of the open palpebral fissures (large, small, medium), by the contour of the open palpebral fissures (triangular, slit-like, round, oval), by the position of the eyeballs in the sockets (sunken, convex, medium prominence), by the relative position of the eyes (spread apart close to each other). The eyes are also evaluated for the color of the iris, according to which they can be dark and light brown, greenish, light blue, blue and gray. A description is made of the position of the upper fixed eyelid (whether or not there is an overhang), the upper movable eyelid (closed, open), the length of the eyelashes (long, short, medium), their shape (straight, curved), density (sparse, thick, medium).

Remark 2

Among the features of the eyes: they can be very convex, close together.

Nose: as a whole, the size (narrow, medium width, wide, short, medium length, long), back contour (wavy, concave, straight), tip shape (rounded, blunt, sharp), position of the base of the nose in relation to the horizontal ( lowered, raised, horizontal), size of the nostril opening (large, medium, small), contour of the nostril opening (slit-like, triangular, round, oval), features (crooked back, forked tip, closed nostrils).

Mouth: large, medium, small. Along the line of closing of the lips, straight, wavy, broken, according to the position of the angles in relation to the horizontal (raised, lowered, horizontal).

Lips are described by the height of the upper lip (high, medium, low), by the width and contour of the red border (thin, medium thickness, thick; broken, arched, wavy), by protrusion (protrusion of the upper or lower lip, elongation or general protrusion of the lips) , by color (pale, bright).

Evaluation of teeth occurs by size (small, medium, large), by the distance between them (rare, frequent), by the relative position of the lower and upper teeth (protrusion of one or another), by feature (absence of certain or all teeth, blackening and yellowing, the presence and type of prostheses).

Chin: by size (wide, medium, low, medium height, high, narrow), by the contour of the lower outline (rounded, rectangular, triangular), by shape (triangular, convex, rectangular), by vertical position (protruding, oblique, vertical ), according to features (strongly sloping or very protruding, the presence of a fossa or transverse furrow, etc.).

The ear is evaluated by the size of the auricles as a whole (small, medium, large), contour (round, oval, rectangular, triangular), degree of protrusion (general or upper protrusion, general diligence). The shape of the surface of the curl (flat, convex), the size of the lobe (large, medium, small, large), its contours (triangular, round, oval, rectangular), the shape of its surface (flat, convex, crossed) are also described.

Remark 3

Among the individual features of the ear, one can single out its very large or small size, large protrusion.

Neck: according to size it can be short, medium length and thickness, long, thin, thick). Features of the neck include the severity of the cartilage and larynx (the presence of an Adam's apple), the location and severity of wrinkles, etc.

Further verbal portrait contains a description of the functional features of a person's appearance, including related features and elements.

If you notice a mistake in the text, please highlight it and press Ctrl+Enter

Appearance and portrait of the criminal

Temperament and portrait largely determine the behavior and, consequently, the fate of a person. Here we consider the appearance of men as the main carriers of crime. Although, it is believed that any character traits, including criminal ones, are most stable in a woman, since she is a “permanent” memory of mankind, while a man is an “operational” memory. No one more than a woman can disguise an evil inclination in herself, behind a beautiful appearance - a cold heart, behind wet eyes with a veil - ruthlessness. An artist-dancer of the Orenburg Theater of Musical Comedy laundered the instrument of crime from blood - a tourist hatchet, with which her husband Ionesyan, an artist of the same theater, killed victims, including children, penetrating into apartments under the guise of an employee of Mosgaz. Conscious of their evil inclination, women more often than men, being potential criminals, do not succumb to the call of fate and follow the “religious line”, becoming soothsayers, fortune-tellers, healers like the former Komsomol member and failed doomsday prophet Masha Tsvigun from the White Brotherhood.

As a rule, the criminal past and the present are felt in the face and manner of behavior. In older people, the past leaves distinct traces on the face, fixed as a result of the constant repetition of emotions. It is more difficult to read evil or other secret vices on a young face, especially if the person is experienced in the art of hypocrisy. The higher the development, the more differentiated are the muscles of the face, making it possible to convey or mask moods and thoughts. If a person is tuned in to something, is really concerned about something, this is reflected in his appearance. Aside from the heavy mandible, cleft chin, and sharp facial wrinkles, the biggest overpowering effect comes from the look of the criminal, which, like nothing else, shows who one had to face. The look corresponds to the character of a person, but more often it is consciously developed to suppress not only the victims, but also their environment.

The criminal sometimes hides under the guise of an exquisite, refined and well-mannered person who graduated from the university, speaks English, is a connoisseur of literature and art, and collects antiques. Therefore, there will be no general approach to describing the portrait of a criminal; we will try to give average information that can be used as a recommendation. We offer some characteristics of a person from Moreau-Christophe's book "The World of Swindlers". Try to evaluate yourself and those around you according to the described portraits.

By temperament, people, as you know, are different.

Cholerics have a bilious temperament. The destiny of these people is hard work, great talents, deep delusions, serious crimes. They strive to achieve everything by force, violence, violence, are influenced by imagination and passions. They have a bold and daring appearance, shining eyes, a lean face, black hair, a strong but not stout physique, strong muscles, a thin figure. Often they are frequenters of the prison, or at least they are predisposed to such actions that should lead them there.

Melancholy have a sad expression, sunken eyes with a sullen expression, black and straight hair, tall and thin stature, long limbs. The look is restless and timid. In appearance they seem weak, but they have remarkable strength. Suspicious, unsure of themselves, jealous, envious. The imagination retains in memory the most insignificant impressions; little things are perceived as incidents. These are the most dangerous scammers and criminals.

Phlegmatic they are distinguished by a weak and delicate physique, a calm face, straight hair of an indefinite color and dull eyes. At the same time, they have a portly body and thick, albeit weak, muscles, leisurely movements. Due to laziness, they are moderate in vices, as well as in everything else - in virtue, feelings, thoughts. They are only looking for peace. Criminals, from whom energy and dynamics are required, are rare and then forced.

Sanguine even less dangerous than phlegmatic. Always excited, prone to vivid impressions, carried away, easily consoled in grief and satiated with passions. They are not capable of strong mental tension, of serious reflection. Quiet, patient, calm, obedient. They are distinguished by small stature and corpulence, proportional build, fresh and cheerful face, lively eyes, soft and delicate skin. Generally light and agile.

By shape heads you can draw the following conclusions about a person:

Square - energy, firmness, confidence;

Round - initiative, speed of reaction, courtesy;

Oval - mental alertness, flexibility, independence;

Triangular - mind, resourcefulness, cunning.

Face It is the only part of the human body that is enlivened by thought. With some experience, it can be hidden. But even the most experienced swindlers get tired of their game, and then vice puts a seal on the face, twitches the muscles, obscures the eyes, beauty is replaced by ugliness, and a rogue, a thief, a murderer is revealed.

It is difficult to judge the personality of a person by facial features, but a preliminary impression can be made by clarifying later, if possible, by analyzing behavior, verbal and non-verbal characteristics. The upper part of the face characterizes mental abilities, the middle part - spiritual, sensual qualities - the lower part, from the tip of the nose to the end of the chin - material properties and a tendency to vices and crimes. Wide face - great self-confidence; if the bulk of the face is located below the nose, then the person also has great physical activity and energy. Narrow face - indecision; the bulk of the face is located above the nose - a person has great mental energy. He will not be pissed off by small and even large failures. Pointed profile - insight. A face that expands from the mouth to the ears and then narrows - greed.

Wide, square, protruding forward corners - creative person, thinker, courageous, wise;

Prominent in the middle is the analyst's forehead;

Convex at the temples - a subtle mind and cunning;

Straight, tall, narrow - undeveloped imagination, slow-witted, but firmness of character and consistency of actions;

Beveled back - quick wit, wit, practical orientation.

Hair:

Silky, soft, thin - weak character, lack of energy;

Hard, curly - a strong character, a serious mind, a heavy disposition;

Straight, thick - a rough, stupid mind;

Blond - sensitivity and tenderness;

Chestnut, black - energy, passion, voluptuousness;

Red - irritability, irascibility, anger;

Redheads - extreme viciousness or the greatest kindness;

Thick hair - strength, firmness, courage, cruelty;

Sparse hair - weakness, tenderness, cowardice;

Hair of a different color than eyebrows is a sign of pretense.

Brows:

Approximate to each other, thick and overhanging determine a powerful mind, strength, energy, firmness;

Divided, rare and smooth - weakness of the mind, weakness physical strength, meekness.

Eyes.

What epithets do not give the eyes: a mirror of the soul, a pledge of fidelity, a crater of hatred, a symbol life force, soft, tender, piercing, hard, empty, inexpressive, glassy, ​​cold, absent, in love, laughing, crying. In fact, all possible definitions of human feelings can be attributed to the eyes. A look can excite, rivet, express pain and hatred, it can “kill”.

Eye shape:

Large, bulging - mental mediocrity, good memory, open character, reliability, will, energy;

Round, small - insight, cunning, anger, mockery, unreliability, superficiality, susceptibility to influence;

A low upper eyelid that extends over the pupil is a lack of analytical abilities; the upper eyelid is not visible - a strong analyst.

Eye position:

Widely set - coldness, sobriety, practicality, indecision, breadth of nature;

Narrowly set - idealist, fanatic, striving for excellence, exactingness, easy excitability.

Eye expression:

Lively, clear and brilliant - kindness, timidity and weakness of the mind;

Inexpressive, dull - low prudence, inability to emotional unrest.

Eye color:

Black, brown - courage and fortitude;

Blue - on the contrary;

Greenish - ardor, irascibility, courage, courage;

Black with blue squirrels - anger, greed (gypsy eyes).

Eyelashes are thick, eyelids are not open enough - rudeness and stupidity; eyelashes and eyelids are very open, the pupil is clearly defined - the mind is original, bizarre.

Straight, almost perpendicular to the face - courage, constancy, perseverance, independence;

Eagle - strength of character, will, thoughts, love for food;

Flattened, inclined to the lip - gluttony and voluptuousness;

Dumb and short - a simple mind, easily deceived;

Small, thin, mobile - mockery;

Smooth, straight, motionless - narrowness of mind, coldness, skepticism;

Upturned - credulity, a tendency to obey.

Correct outlines - a strong, judicious mind;

Compressed, straight narrow lips - coldness, practicality, a tendency to acquisitiveness, stinginess, love of order;

Open - stupidity;

Thick lips - kindness, frankness;

Compressed lips - vanity, cunning, a tendency to anger and cruelty;

Shortened lips - stinginess, greed, greed;

Raised upper lip - kindness or weakness of the mind;

A drooping lower lip is a high mind;

The fleshy lower lip is passion (which is why women love to paint it on themselves, trying to deceive with excessive sexuality);

Lowered corners of the lips - bad qualities, pessimism.

Jaws, teeth:

Wide jaws - strong, cruel, adventurous;

Long teeth - weakness, timidity;

Small teeth - cunning, subtlety of mind, vindictiveness, heavy character;

Prominent teeth - lack of energy, sharp mind;

Open upper gum - phlegmatic, coldness.

Large, wide, thick - stupidity, a penchant for practical matters;

Not very big - intelligence, inner weakness;

Motionless - coldness, selfishness;

Saggy, mobile, thin - a sharp mind, courage, independence.

The chin:

Round with a hollow - kindness;

Soft, fleshy, forked - sensuality;

Wide, flat - coldness, selfishness, pugnacity;

Angular - smart, dexterous;

Fat, fat - stupidity;

Cut back - weakness of moral qualities;

Protruding forward, pointed - courage, sarcasm, stubbornness;

Bony, thin, pointed - greed, ambition, intelligence, cunning.

C. Fourier described 600 normal human characters. There are no less of them in crime. The given portrait characteristics, on the one hand, make it possible to understand a person, but on the other hand, knowing them, you can disguise your appearance and intentions by putting on a false mask. There is a set of stereotypes that mislead a person. For example, full a man seems to us in most cases talkative, good-natured, accommodating, trusting, emotional, open; tall, skinny- nervous, ambitious, suspicious, solitude-loving, secretive; athlete- Courageous, courageous, self-confident, energetic, daring, enterprising. It should be added that such a stereotype often deprives us of the opportunity to correctly understand a person, especially when it comes to the high rank of leaders.

Additional stereotype attributes are clothing, cosmetics, voice, etc. For example, a military or police uniform provides complete confidence in a person. Robbers like to dress like this before a raid. Marriage swindlers seduce women with a suit of a sailor, a pilot, sometimes even a general's uniform. If, for disguise, you put on a priest's costume, which is widely practiced today by scammers, then it is easy to make sure that trust in the holy father is absolute. How cosmetics can mask is known to every woman. Instead of one person under a crudely painted or skillfully applied mask, one can see a completely different one. An indispensable attribute of a thief and a swindler is glasses. A person immediately seems more intelligent, diligent, decent.

FINDINGS

1. Recognizing a person is difficult, almost impossible. Monstrous selfishness, often covered with refined charm, hides the intentions of the criminal. Therefore, the above features can only become auxiliary material, using which in a criminal situation, the victim can try to find the spiritual strings of the criminal, on which to play.

2. If this fails, do not resist, do not show any antagonism - you are the victim of a criminal who often needs to destroy you. There is a small chance of being saved. Try to use it.

3. The given portrait characteristics can be used by superimposing them on famous leaders states, deputies and local figures. Most of their deeds are known, and one can judge from them the correspondence of portrait characteristics and declared official statements. This is a good test for beginner physiognomists.

This text is an introductory piece.

§ 7. The subject of the crime and the personality of the offender Each person who has committed a crime is the bearer of many socially significant qualities. Of these, only age, sanity and, in some cases, signs of special

Chapter III. Identity of the perpetrator

1. Basic approaches to the study of the personality of a criminal Successful prevention of crimes is possible only if attention is focused on the personality of the criminal, since it is the personality that is the bearer of the reasons for their commission. Therefore, we can say

2. The main features of the criminal's personality Let's consider some features of the criminological characteristics of the criminal's personality, primarily socio-demographic. Studying and taking into account the criminological characteristics of a person will make it possible to establish specific differences

4. Formation of the personality of a criminal life paths, the establishment of social ties, the formation of self-awareness and the system

4. Psychological portrait of Basaev Psychological portraits (profiles) of individual personality types can be useful in various areas of social practice, including in the fight against crime. Such portraits make it possible to identify the leading personality traits of a certain

Chapter 6. Portrait of a thief in a modern interior “First of all, one should not be poor” Talleyrand Psychological portraits of thieves and thieving figures We said that beggars and thieves predominate in our society. But there is another approach that allows us to highlight in today's

PSYCHO-PHYSICAL PORTRAIT OF THE AVERAGE STATISTICAL PROFESSIONAL LAWYER AND HIS SPECIFIC FEATURES

Article 118

Article 124

Portrait-hypothesis In the spring of 1978, Antonin Aleksandrovich Popov brought a letter from the chairman of the Novorzhevsk regional executive committee to the Leningrad laboratory of forensic examination with a request to help the regional folk museum in recreating the appearance of their fellow countryman, the Decembrist N.P.

When verbally fixing the signs of appearance, they are guided by special rules included in the "verbal portrait".

Verbal portrait - this is a forensic method of describing a person's appearance using common terms, carried out according to a certain system for the purpose of criminal registration, search and identification of living persons and corpses.

Principles of the verbal portrait method:

1. 1. consistency (determines the sequence (order) of the description);
   2. completeness (provides a detailed description).

Method for describing the signs of a person's appearance

1. Signs are fixed that characterize:

• • general physical elements of appearance: gender, age, nationality (anthropological type), height, physique;
  • anatomical features of individual areas of the body and elements;
  • functional features of related items.

2. The description of the signs of appearance is carried out according to the scheme "from general to particular" and "top - down":

• • overall figure,
  • head as a whole
  • face in general
  • separate elements of the face,
  • neck, shoulders, back, chest,
  • hands-legs.

3. Each of the anatomical elements is characterized by

• • form,
  • size,
  • position,
  • some are in color.

3.1. When describing the form, the name of geometric shapes (round, oval, rectangular, triangular, etc.) or geometric lines (straight, convex, winding, etc.) is used.

3.2. The description of the dimensions of the elements is given not in absolute terms, but in relation to other elements of the exterior. At the same time, its height, length, width, quantity, etc. are characterized. The gradation of values ​​is most often three-term: large, medium, small. Five-membered can also be used, with the addition of: very large and very small. With a seven-term gradation, they add: "above average", "below average". If there are doubts about the size characteristic, then it is indicated in two values: "medium-small", "large-medium".

3.3. The position of the element is determined relative to the vertical and horizontal planes of the body (horizontal, inclined, beveled inward, etc.), as well as by mutual position (fused, separate).

3.4. Characterized by color (black, dark blond, light blond, blond, red, gray); eyes (black, brown, grey, etc.) and sometimes skin color (very red, yellow, bluish-red nose, birthmark color, etc.).

4. For the description, uniform terms accepted in the verbal portrait should be used. excluding discrepancy and ambiguity.

5. Anatomical features are described in relation to two angles:

• • front view (full face);
  • side view (profile).

In this case, the head should be in a "normal" position, when the horizontal line passes through the bridge of the nose, the outer corner of the eye and the upper third of the auricle (the so-called French anthropological horizontal). The muscles of the face should be in a calm state (without a smile, facial expressions, grimace), there should be no cosmetics, hair removed from the forehead and ears, glasses and a headdress removed (their description is given in the accompanying signs).

Scheme for describing external features using the "verbal portrait" method

Elements and features of the face in front: 1a. Anthropometric points of the face: A - upper frontal, B - glabella, C - upper nasal, D - pupillary, D - nasal, E - chin, F - mandibular. 1 - forehead height, 2 - forehead width, 3 - eyebrow position line, 4 - palpebral fissure position line, 5 - pupillary line, 6 - palpebral fissure length, 7 - nasal bridge width, 8 - nose height (nasal part of the face), 9 - width of the nose, 10 - height of the upper lip, 11 - length of the oral fissure, 12 - height of the chin, 13 - protrusion of the auricle, 14 - height of the auricle, 15 - axial (medial) line. 1 - hairline, 2 - areas of the frontal tubercles, 3 - areas of the superciliary arches, 4 - heads of the eyebrows, 5 - contours of the eyebrows, b - tails of the eyebrows, 7 - inner corners of the eyes, 8 - outer corners of the eyes, 9 - contours of the folds of the upper eyelid, 10 - nasolabial filter, 11 - border contour of the upper lip, 12 - border contour lower lip, 13 - contour of the chin, 14 - contour of the curl, 15 - contour of the antihelix, 16 - contour of the tragus.

Description of anatomical features

Floor: male, female.

Age. Installed:

1. 1. according to documents, if they are not in doubt;
   2. "in appearance" (indicating this circumstance and within certain limits: in appearance 25-30 years old, in appearance 50-60 years old, etc.);
   3. according to medical or forensic medical examination.

Nationality (type of person). In the absence of documents and other reliable information confirming the nationality of a person, it is permissible to determine the type of person. This can be an anthropological type of appearance characteristic of a particular race (Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, etc.) or a comparative definition of the type in relation to our country: European type, Caucasian, Central Asian, Mongolian, etc.

Overall figure

Growth is most often determined by a three-term gradation:

• low (for men up to 160 cm),
• medium (for men from 160 cm to 170 cm),
• high (for men over 170 cm).

Permissible characteristic: very low, very high. If data of anthropometric measurements are available or can be obtained (medical record, etc.), then the height is indicated in absolute terms.

For women, these figures apply for each category 10 cm less.

The physique is characterized depending on the development of the musculoskeletal system and the degree of body fat. There are physique: weak, very weak, medium, stocky, athletic.

According to the degree of fatness, a person can be characterized by the following features: thin, thin, average fatness, full (features - very thin, very full - "fat").

Description of functional features

Posture - the usual position of the torso and head (the usual posture of a person). At the same time, the position of the head relative to the body is noted (deflected to the right or left shoulder, tilted forward, thrown back), as well as the position of the body in relation to the vertical (back is straight, stooped, hunched).

Gait - a set of habitual automatic movements when walking as a manifestation of a certain dynamic stereotype formed in a person. This circumstance determines the constancy of such elements of gait as step length (left, right), step width, step angle, turn angle, and feet. Therefore, when describing the gait, the step size (long, short) is noted. Step width (narrow or short spacing of the feet, setting of the feet when walking (toes out, toes in, parallel), pace (fast, slow), appearance (gait is soft, heavy, staggering, waggling, bouncing, mincing, wobbling). also lameness, dragging of the leg, position of the arms when walking (waving arms, hands in pockets, laid behind) Gait may change under the influence of diseases of the legs, nervous system suffered head injuries.

Gesticulation is a complex of movements of the hands, shoulders (sometimes the head) of a person with which he accompanies his speech in order to give it more expressiveness. When describing gestures, its tempo (fast, slow), expressiveness (live, energetic, sluggish), the nature of gestures and their content (indicative, pictorial, etc.) are recorded.

Mimicry is the movement of muscles and facial elements that change its expression depending on the emotional state of a person or his desire. It can be very developed or unimpressive. Usually, the most pronounced and familiar facial expressions are noted (raising the eyebrows, biting the lips, winks, etc.).

Speech - in relation to it, both data related to speech itself and data of the speech mechanism are characterized. In the first case, the languages ​​spoken by a person are noted, and which of them is native to him, dialect or adverb, accent, pronunciation features, construction of phrases, use of slang words, clogged speech (“here”, “you understand”, etc.) .).

In a relationship speech mechanism note the pace (slow, fast), character (speech is calm, excited), features of speech (burr, lisp, nasal, etc.). The voice is characterized by timbre (bass, baritone, tenor, alto, treble), strength (weak, medium, strong) and purity (clear, hoarse, deaf, hoarse).

Manners (habits) of behavior are formed in the process of human life and are expressed in the monotonous (usually automatic, uncontrolled) performance of certain actions (rubbing the palms, stroking the head, mustache, stepping from foot to foot, lighting, greeting, etc.).

Description of related elements and their features

This description refers to clothing, footwear, headgear and items that. usually a person has with him (glasses, a ring, chains, a pendant, etc.) With regard to clothing, its name is noted (jacket, raincoat, jacket, etc.), type (civilian, sports, military, uniform, etc.). etc.), style and cut (single-breasted jacket, raglan coat, earflap hat, etc.), color, pattern, material, clothing condition, performance characteristics. Other related items are described in a similar way.

Word portrait- a method for describing the appearance of a person (most often a criminal) based on an algorithm for describing a standardized set of characteristics.

The verbal portrait technique was proposed at the end of the 19th century by Alphonse Bertillon.

Rules for describing a person's appearance

An ordered description is carried out according to the rules developed by forensic science for describing a person's appearance. They are based on such fundamental provisions as the systematic reflection of signs, i.e. a consistent description of all groups of signs of a person’s appearance developed by forensics (general physical, signs of the structure of individual elements of appearance, functional, etc.), the completeness of their description (reflecting, if possible, most signs of a person's appearance), the use of a single terminology, and are as follows.

1. In the course of compiling an ordered description, the following are consistently reflected:

• anatomical signs of a person's appearance: gender, age, nationality, height, physique, as well as signs of the structure of individual elements of a person's appearance, for example: when describing the head, its height (medium, large or small), shape (rounded, domed, keeled, etc.) are described, features are noted, etc.;
• functional signs such as posture, gait, gestures, etc.,
• related features, for example: clothing, accessories, etc.;
• special signs, for example: the presence of a hump, the constant wearing of a wig, etc.

2. Any of the elements of appearance is described according to the following scheme: from general to particular and from top to bottom, for example: when describing a face, first the characteristics of the face as a whole are given (general configuration, fullness, facial features in general), then signs of the scalp are noted ( hair length, hairline, density, appearance, etc.), then the features characterizing the forehead, eyebrows, eyes, etc. are successively described.

3. In the description, if necessary, the names of geometric lines (straight, curved, etc.) and shapes (oval, rectangular, etc.) are used.

4. The dimensions of the described elements must be considered and described in relation to other external elements and characterized by width, length, height, depth, quantity, etc.

5. The relative position of the elements of the exterior, their position is determined relative to the vertical or horizontal planes of the body (vertical, inclined, horizontal, etc.).

6. When describing the color of eyes, hair and other anatomical features of a person's appearance (pigmented and birthmarks, moles, acne, etc.), as well as related signs, coloristic (color) terminology is used, for example: red acne, black eyebrows, redheads hair, black pants, etc.

7. In the description, common concepts and terms generally accepted in the verbal portrait method are used. Significant assistance in this can be provided by the classification of anatomical and general physical elements of the signs of a person's appearance with a unified terminology of a verbal portrait, developed by specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

8. Elements of appearance are reflected in the foreshortenings of the front view (full face) and side view (right profile), in the position of a person standing to his full height, with calm features, a look directed forward.

In accordance with these rules and taking into account the features of the description of the identified signs, a verbal portrait of a person is compiled.

Features of describing a person's appearance using the method of verbal portrait

Description of the anatomical features of a person's appearance

Floor: male, female.

Age. Determined by documents, if their authenticity is not in doubt; in their absence or inaccessibility - “in appearance”, which is necessarily reflected in the description or according to the results of the survey.

Nationality. It is indicated “in appearance”, for example, similar to an Uzbek, Azerbaijani, etc., or on the basis of documents reflecting the citizenship of this person (passport, etc.). Belonging to a particular race can also be indicated, which is also determined “in appearance” (Negroid, Mongoloid, etc.).

Growth. If possible, it is indicated in absolute numbers, for example, when describing a corpse, in other cases - in relative ones, for example: about seventy meters. A person's height is measured from the highest point of the crown of the head to the soles of the bare feet. When describing, the following terms can be used: very low (less than 150 cm), very high (more than 190 cm).

Body type. It is determined by the degree of development of the human musculoskeletal system, taking into account the fat layer and is characterized as thin, dense, stocky, athletic, etc.

Rice. 1. Shapes of the head. (a - rectangular; b - rhomboid; c - keeled; d - trapezoid)

Rice. 5. Eye (1 - eyebrow, 2 - upper eyelid, 3 - outer corner of the eye, 4, 8 - albuginea, 5 - lower eyelid, 6 - pupil, 7 - eyelashes, 9 - inner corner of the eye, 10 - lacrimal caruncle, 11 - eyelashes, 12 - iris)

Rice. 2. Shapes of the face (a - oval; b - round; c - rectangular; d - triangular; e - diamond-shaped)

Rice. 6. Nose (1. Bridge, 2. Back, 3. Tip, 4. Base, 5. Wings, 6. Nostril)

Rice. 3. Mustache (a - high position; b - medium position; c - low position)

Rice. 4. Forehead. (a - vertical; b - oblique; c - tilted forward; d - high; e - medium; e - low)

Rice. 7. Lips (a - thin; b - medium; c - thick)

Fig.8. Ear. 1 - tubercle (Darwin), 2 - curl, 3 - antihelix, 4 - ear cavity, 5 - antitragus, 6 - lobe, 7 - external auditory canal, 8 - tragus

Rice. 9. Wrinkles

Hair cover. In general, it is characterized common features, as stiffness (hard, soft), density (may be noted as thick or sparse in different parts of the body and on the head), shape (determined by the type of bending of the hair shafts, as straight, wavy, curly, curly), color (most often described widely used terms - dark-haired (brunette), fair-haired (blond), dark blond (brown-haired), and features can also be noted - gray-haired, gray-haired, dyed, etc.

Leather. It is described by appearance (the relief allows you to define it as smooth, matte, wrinkled, porous, veined, etc.), condition (clean, dirty, acne, pimply, etc.), color (pink, dark, gray, yellow, etc.) and features (presence of warts, age spots, freckles, etc.).

Head. It is described by height (relative to a person's height - small, medium, large) and shape (according to the silhouette - rounded, domed, ovoid, keeled, flattened); if available, features may be noted, expressed in significant deviations from the extreme values ​​of the indicated signs (see Fig. 1).

Face. Can be characterized by configuration (round, oval, triangular, square, etc.), fullness (thin, full, puffy), height and width (medium, narrow, wide), facial features in general (medium, large, small ) (see Fig. 2).

Hairstyle. It is described by the length of the hair (medium - in men over 2 cm, in women the hair covers the neck; long - in men the hair covers the neck, in women - below the shoulders; short - in men - up to 2 cm, in women - do not cover the neck), hairline (arched, curvy, angular, asymmetrical, etc.), hair density (thick, sparse, etc.), type of hair (combed, uncombed, oily, dandruff, etc.) and the presence features (tinted, bleached, wig, hairpiece, etc.).

Vegetation on the face. In men, the presence of sideburns, mustaches, beards, stubble can be noted (at the same time, their shape, size, color, density, etc. are described), and in women, excessive hair growth above the upper lip and on the chin (see Fig. 3 ).

Wrinkles and folds in the skin. Their contour is noted (straight, arcuate, etc.), depth (according to the relief - deep or shallow), length (in length relative to the element of the face on which they are located, they can be described as long, short and medium), location - frontal, interbrow, external or internal orbital and other wrinkles, cheek, chin and other folds, relative position and number (single, multiple, double, etc.) (see Fig. 9).

Forehead. Its shape is described (flat, convex, sinuous, etc.), height (determined relative to the height of the face, as high, medium and low), width, frontal tubercles, superciliary arches, features, i.e. deviations of the forehead structure from the norm, such as the oblique frontal bone, the presence of a tumor, the absence of superciliary ridges, etc. (see Fig. 4).

Brows. When describing them, their contour is noted (straight, arcuate, sinuous, broken, etc.), length (determined relative to the length of the palpebral fissure), density, color, features (asymmetric, bushy, plucked, drawn, tinted, etc. ).

Eyes. Among the signs of the eyes, the following stand out: the structure of the palpebral fissure (almond-shaped, oval, round, slit-like, etc.), the color of the iris (dark and light of different colors), features (various anomalies and pathological changes - widely spaced, asymmetric, oblique, multi-colored, reddened, with a thorn, cataract, etc.) and other signs (see Fig. 5).

Eyelashes. Their severity (thick, long or short, rare) and features (colorless, elongated, fluffy, painted, etc.) are noted.

eyelids. They are described by their position (medium, asymmetric, etc.), the shape and severity of the undereye bags (convex, folded, strongly pronounced, etc.), features (cosmetic design, sagging of the folds of the upper or lower eyelid, etc.). ).

Cheekbones and cheeks. The degree of their protrusion forward, the shape and features of the cheeks (plump, sagging, streaked, tinted, etc.) are noted.

Nose. Its individual elements are considered - the bridge of the nose, the back of the nose, the base of the nose, its tip, the wings of the nose, the nostrils, the nasal septum, the nasolabial notch, according to the following features: size, size, width, contour, features, and others (see Fig. 6).

Mouth, lips, teeth. It is important to describe the size, contour, position of the corners of the mouth, the border of the lips, their features, the size and contour of the dentition, the type of bite, defects in the teeth, the color of the enamel and other signs (see Fig. 7).

The chin. Described by height, width, protrusion, contour, and features (wrinkled, forked, dimpled, pendulous, etc.).

Ear shells. The signs that distinguish the auricles are of particular identification value: size, position, protrusion, shape and contour, as well as signs of its private elements, such as a curl, antihelix, tragus, antitragus, intertragus notch and lobe. Wherein highest value have features of these signs, described taking into account atypical manifestations(see Fig. 8).

Neck. It is described by height (its visible part is determined from the chin to the shoulders in relation to the height of the face and can be characterized as medium, long or short), thickness (it is also determined from the front according to the ratio of its visible area to the width of the lower part of the face as thick, medium and thin ), position (in profile, it is determined by the degree of deviation of the visible part of the neck from the vertical position and is characterized as straight, tilted forward or tilted back), type of skin surface (smooth, folded, fatty, muscular, etc.), features (it is noted for example "the presence of Adam's apple, goiter, etc.).

Shoulders. When describing them, the width is noted, which is determined by the ratio of the width of the shoulders and the pelvis, which is most noticeable when viewed from the front, and can be characterized as narrow, medium and wide, as well as their position relative to the horizontal (straight, lowered, raised) and features, i.e. e. noticeable deviations from the criteria noted above, or skewedness, excessive thinness, roundness, etc.

Torso. In general, it is described by length (determined by the distance from the base of the neck to the pubis and is characterized as medium - approximately equal to the length of the leg, long - noticeably exceeding the length of the leg, short) and structural features, which can be noted as values ​​that differ significantly from those indicated above and described as huge, small, skewed.

Breast. The shape can be noted (when viewed in profile, a convexity or hollowness of the chest is noticeable, in contrast to the flat one that is most common), width (considered relative to the width of the pelvis) and features (strong protrusion of the muscles, mammary glands, pathological deformities of the chest, etc. .).

Stomach. The protrusion of this part of the body relative to the plane of the chest can be described as medium, large, small. Additionally, the abdomen can be characterized as pendulous, muscular, smooth, etc.

Back. The shape, contour or features of the back are also noticeable features that characterize a person's appearance. In this case, the shape of the back can be convex, i.e. stooped or flat. The contour of the back is determined by the similarity with such geometric shapes as a trapezoid, a rectangle, a cone. The presence of a hump, strongly protruding shoulder blades, a noticeable curvature of the spine should be noted as features.

Waist. Can be described by length (long or short), width (medium, wide, narrow), position (high or low) and features (swollen, wasp, etc.).

Taz. It is determined by its greatest width at the level of the hip joints and can be characterized as medium, wide, narrow, as well as female (in men, if the pelvis is wider than the shoulders), male (in women, if the pelvis is narrower than the shoulders).

Arms. Described by length (medium, long, short), thickness (thin, very thin, thick, very thick) and features characterized as muscular, bony, sinewy, paralyzed, atrophied, etc. Defects such as the absence of a hand or part of it, shortening of the hand, the presence of a prosthesis, etc., may be noted.

Brushes. Its length is measured from the wrist to the end of the middle finger and can be marked as medium, long and short in relation to the length of the forearm. The width of the hand is determined by the ratio of its length (excluding the length of the fingers) to the width of the palm. Features are also described, which are the unusual structure of the hand (noticeably distinguished in size - large, too small in size - small, resembling a triangle, quadrangle, etc.) or defects (absence of the hand, paralysis, curvature), as well as the presence of tattoos, calluses, scars, etc.

Fingers. When describing them, the length is noted, which is determined by the ratio of the length of the middle finger to the length of the brush (medium, long and short); thickness (their extreme values ​​are described, for example: very thin or very thick fingers) and structural features. The latter can be characterized as curved, thickened, knotty, hairy, tattooed, etc.; the presence of corns, scars, the absence of fingers or phalanges, etc. may be noted.

Nails. They can be characterized according to their different features: shape - curvature of the nail plate (convex and flat), relief - the appearance of its surface (smooth and ribbed), contour - the outlines of the nail (almond-shaped, rounded, rectangular, etc.), length and width nail plate, color (opaque white, pink, yellowish, brownish, etc.), the size of the free edge - protrusion, and features - the presence of defects, unusual structure or conditions (underdevelopment of the nails, absence of a part of the nail, curvature of the nail (nails), very long, very short, stratified, ingrown, broken or bitten, with a manicure, with a pedicure (on the legs), etc.).

Legs. As an element of a person's appearance, they are a noticeable part of it. According to the contour of the inner sides of the legs, their shape is determined (O-shaped, X-shaped, straight), in relation to the leg to the length of the body - the length, thickness of the legs is described in the case when they can be characterized as very thin or very thick. Describing the features of the structure of the legs, muscle development, type of skin or defects, the following characteristics can be given to this: muscular, bony, hairy, with tattoos, etc., the presence of a prosthesis, paralysis of the legs (legs), absence of a leg, shortening or thickening can also be noted some part of it, etc.

When identifying, other anatomical features of individual elements of a person's appearance can also be described.

Description of the functional features of a person's appearance

Posture. When describing this sign, it is necessary to reflect the habitual position of the head and body of a person. In this case, the head can be tilted to the right or left, or thrown back, drawn into the shoulders. Posture can be characterized as stooped, straight, hunched over, etc.

Gait. It is described by the size of the step (long, short), the width of the step (wide or narrow spacing of the feet, their setting when walking - noses inward, parallel or outward), pace (slow, fast), type (soft, heavy, minced, waddling, etc.). .d.). Features of the gait (limping, dragging the leg, shuffling of the legs, etc.), the position of the hands (waving the arms, etc.) when walking are also reflected in the description.

Gesticulation. There are features of the movement of the hands (picking the rosary, the edge of the clothes, the handkerchief) or the legs (stomping the heel of the foot or tapping the toe of the foot, etc.), accompanying the speech of a person or the expression of any feelings by him.

Mimic. When describing it, the most familiar and most vivid way of expressing certain feelings with the facial muscles of the face (smirk, puckering of the lips, squinting of the eyes, etc.) is reflected, as well as manifestations of facial expressions caused by certain diseases (for example, tick).

Speech. When describing it, the vocabulary, style, diction, physical defects of the speaker (nasal, lisp, burr, stuttering, etc.), dialect (okane or akanye, etc.), possession foreign languages, musical ability, use of slang words, etc.

Other identified functional features of a person's external appearance, for example, articulation, habits, etc., may also have significant identification value.

Description of accompanying signs of a person's appearance

Clothing. When describing clothing, it is necessary to indicate the signs that arose during its manufacture, as well as during use. Signs of manufacture are, for example: type, style, purpose of clothing, size, color, quality of material, type of fasteners, additional finishing, etc. When wearing clothes, there are signs that characterize the degree of wear and tear: abrasions, tears, changes in the original color, traces of repair, etc. alterations, as well as dirt stains, stable folds, creases, marks, etc.

Shoes. Shoes have features similar to clothes and are described according to the same criteria.

Accessories. First of all, these are items that are worn by their owners not constantly, but with varying degrees of frequency - umbrellas, bags, mobile phones, belts, jewelry, watches, rosaries, etc. Nevertheless, the identification significance of these features is significant, because sometimes, in addition to supplementing the appearance of their owner, identifying individual personality traits, they can also establish other circumstances of the crime event or the conditions for the disappearance of the wanted person, etc.

Description of special and catchy signs

Special and catchy signs are the most important identification features, and therefore must be characterized in detail and carefully described. These can be scars, tattoos, birthmarks, congenital and acquired deformities of certain parts of the body, that is, these are relatively rare signs that are visually easy to detect. When describing, it is important to note their location, color, size, shape, content (tattoos), severity, etc.