Preparation of sodium and potassium chlorates by the electrochemical method. Sodium perchlorate: formula, general information, chemical properties Get sodium chlorate from chlorine
GOST 12257-93
Group L17
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SODIUM CHLORATE TECHNICAL
Specifications
Sodium chlorate for industrial use. Specifications
OKP 21 4722
Introduction date 1996-01-01
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED MTK 89
INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia
2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (minutes N 3-93 dated February 17, 1993)
Voted to accept:
State name | Name of the national standardization body |
Republic of Azerbaijan | Azgosstandart |
Republic of Armenia | Armstate standard |
Republic of Belarus | Belstandard |
The Republic of Moldova | Moldovastandard |
Russian Federation | Gosstandart of Russia |
Turkmenistan | Turkmengosstandart |
The Republic of Uzbekistan | Uzgosstandart |
Ukraine | State Standard of Ukraine |
3 Resolution of the Committee Russian Federation on standardization, metrology and certification dated December 23, 1994 N 349, the interstate standard GOST 12257-93 "Technical sodium chlorate. Specifications" was put into effect directly as state standard Russian Federation since January 1, 1996
4 INSTEAD OF GOST 12257-77
1 AREA OF USE
1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to technical sodium chlorate (sodium chlorate) intended for the production of magnesium chlorate, high-performance oxidizers and bleaching compounds.
Formula NaClO.
Relative molecular weight (according to international relative atomic masses 1987) - 106.44.
2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
This standard uses references to the following standards:
GOST 12.1.007-76 SSBT. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements
GOST 1770-74 Measuring laboratory glassware. Cylinders, beakers, flasks, test tubes. Specifications
GOST 2517-85 Oil and oil products. Sampling methods
GOST 2603-79 Reagents. Acetone. Specifications
GOST 3118-77 Reagents. Hydrochloric acid. Specifications
GOST 4148-78 Reagents. Iron (II) sulfate 7-water. Specifications
GOST 4204-77 Reagents. Sulfuric acid. Specifications
GOST 4212-76 Reagents. Preparation of solutions for colorimetric and nephelometric analysis
GOST 4220-75 Reagents. Potassium dichromate. Specifications
GOST 4517-87 Reagents. Methods for the preparation of auxiliary reagents and solutions used in the analysis
GOST 5044-79 Thin-walled steel drums for chemical products. Specifications
GOST 6552-80 Reagents. Phosphoric acid. Specifications
GOST 6709-72 Reagents. Distilled water. Specifications
GOST 7313-75 Enamels XB-785 and varnish XB-784. Specifications
GOST 9078-84 Flat pallets. General specifications
GOST 9147-80 Laboratory porcelain glassware and equipment. Specifications
GOST 9557-87 Flat wooden pallet 800x1200 mm in size. Specifications
GOST 9570-84 Box and rack pallets. General specifications
GOST 10555-75 Reagents and highly pure substances. Colorimetric Methods determination of iron impurity content
GOST 10671.5-74 Reagents. Methods for determining impurities of sulfates
GOST 10931-74 Reagents. Sodium molybdate 2-aqueous. Specifications
GOST 14192-77 * Cargo marking
________________
GOST 14192-96
GOST 17811-78 Polyethylene bags for chemical products. Specifications
GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling
GOST 20490-75 Reagents. Potassium permanganate. Specifications
GOST 21650-76 Means of fastening packaged cargoes in overpacks. General requirements
GOST 24104-88 * Laboratory scales for general purposes and exemplary. General specifications
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 53228-2008 applies, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.
GOST 24597-81 Packages of packaged goods. Main parameters and dimensions
GOST 26663-85 Transport packages. Formation using packaging tools. General technical requirements
GOST 27025-86 Reagents. General instructions for testing
GOST 29169-91 Laboratory glassware. Pipettes with one mark
GOST 29208.1-91 Technical sodium chlorate. Method for determining the mass fraction of substances insoluble in water
GOST 29208.2-91 Technical sodium chlorate. Weight method for determining moisture
GOST 29208.3-91 Technical sodium chlorate. Mercurimetric method for determining the mass fraction of chloride
GOST 29208.4-91 Technical sodium chlorate. Titrimetric method for determining the mass fraction of chlorate using bichromate
GOST 29228-91 Graduated pipettes. Part 2: Graduated pipettes without set waiting time
GOST 29252-91 Burettes. Part 2: Burettes without waiting time
3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Technical sodium chlorate must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
3.2 Technical sodium chlorate is produced in solid (fine-crystalline powder from white to yellow) and liquid (solution or pulp) form.
3.3 Liquid sodium chlorate is produced in two grades A and B.
Grade A sodium chlorate is used to produce chlorine dioxide using a waste-free method, grade B is used to produce magnesium chlorate, highly effective oxidizing agents and bleaching compounds.
3.4 By chemical indicators technical sodium chlorate must comply with the requirements and standards specified in table 1.
Table 1
Name of indicator | Norm for sodium chlorate |
||
solid | |||
brand A | brand B |
||
1 Mass fraction of sodium chlorate, %, not less than | |||
2 Mass fraction of water, %, no more | Not standardized |
||
3 Mass fraction of chlorides in terms of NaCl, %, no more | |||
4 Mass fraction of sulfates (SO),%, no more | |||
5 Mass fraction of chromates (СrО), %, max | |||
6 Mass fraction of substances insoluble in water, %, no more | |||
7 Mass fraction of iron (Fe), %, no more | |||
Note - The rates of impurities in a liquid product are given in terms of a 100% product |
|||
3.5 Marking
3.5.1 Special stencils must be applied to the tank in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force in railway transport, part 2, section 41, 1976.
3.5.2. Transport marking - in accordance with GOST 14192 with the application of handling signs "Sealed packaging" on drums, "Keep away from heat" on bags.
3.5.3 Marking characterizing the transport hazard of the cargo - in accordance with GOST 19433 with a hazard sign corresponding to the classification code 5112 (class 5, subclass 5.1, drawing number 5), serial number UN 1495 for a solid product and 2428 for a liquid product.
3.5.4 The marking characterizing the packaged products must contain:
- Product name;
- gross and net weight (for bags - only net weight);
A deviation of ±2% of the actual weight from the nominal weight indicated in the marking is allowed.
3.6 Packaging
Solid sodium chlorate is packed in liners made of polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.100 mm, enclosed: in drums according to GOST 5044 made of galvanized steel of version B with a hatch diameter of 300 mm or version C with a capacity of 50-100 dm3 or drums painted inside and outside with perchlorovinyl varnish according to GOST 7313; in polyethylene bags M10-0.220 according to GOST 17811, enclosed in bags of chlorine fabric or fire-resistant textile bags.
Liner bags, bags made of chlorinated fabric and fire-resistant textile bags are manufactured according to normative and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to pack solid sodium chlorate in polyethylene bags M10-0.220 in accordance with GOST 17811.
Polythene bags are sealed. Chlorine and fire-resistant bags are sewn up by machine, without capturing the plastic bag.
Product weight in a bag - (50±1) kg.
It is not allowed to get solid sodium chlorate between polyethylene and fabric bags, as well as on the outer surface of the container.
4 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Sodium chlorate is toxic. Once in the human body, it causes the breakdown of red blood cells, vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders, and kidney damage. The maximum permissible concentration in the water of reservoirs for sanitary water use is 20 mg / dm, in the air of the working area 5 mg / m (3rd hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007).
4.2 Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent.
4.3 Sodium chlorate is a non-flammable explosive substance. When heated to a temperature exceeding the melting point (255 ° C), it begins to decompose. At temperatures above 600 °C, decomposition is accompanied by the release of oxygen and may cause an explosion. Mixtures of the product with combustible substances and mineral acids are explosive and may ignite spontaneously due to temperature rise, impact and friction.
4.4 Production facilities must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. Equipment, pipelines, fittings must be airtight. Sampling points and dusty units should be equipped with local exhausts. Appropriate equipment and pipelines must be protected from static electricity and made in an explosion-proof design.
4.5 For personal protection of personnel, special clothing should be used in accordance with standard standards and individual respiratory and eye protection: gas mask grade B or BKF, respirator (when working with solid sodium chlorate), goggles.
4.6 If the product gets on clothing, it must be changed immediately. From the skin and mucous membranes, sodium chlorate is washed off with soap and water or baking soda. If sodium chlorate is ingested, induce vomiting, rinse the stomach and provide medical assistance. Washing of special clothes should be carried out after each shift.
4.7 In case of spillage of a liquid product or spillage of a solid product, it is necessary to collect it with a vinyl plastic or titanium scoop in a bucket of vinyl plastic or titanium and wash the place of spillage or spillage with water. Use a tool made of non-sparking material to remove the product.
4.8 Room cleaning wet or vacuum.
4.9 In case of fire, extinguish with water.
4.10 Solid wastes are to be burned in a special area outside the plant. Liquid waste is directed to the neutralization of wastewater and to the sewerage of chemically contaminated effluents. Gas emissions are diluted with an inert gas, cleaned of chlorine and released into the atmosphere.
5 ACCEPTANCE
5.1 Sodium chlorate is taken in batches. A batch is considered a quantity of a product that is homogeneous in terms of its quality indicators, accompanied by one quality document, or each tank.
The quality document must contain:
- name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;
- name of the product, its brand (for a liquid product);
- batch number and date of manufacture;
- the number of containers in the party;
- gross and net weight;
- classification code of the group according to GOST 19433;
- the results of the analyzes performed or confirmation of the compliance of the quality of sodium chlorate with the requirements of this standard;
- designation of this standard.
5.2 The manufacturer determines the mass fraction of sulfates at the request of the consumer.
5.3 To check the conformity of the quality of the product with the requirements of this standard, the sample size of the product is 10% of packaging units, but not less than three units or each tank.
5.4 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of the analysis, at least for one of the indicators, re-analysis is carried out on a doubled sample or a newly selected sample from the tank.
The results of the reanalysis apply to the entire batch.
6 METHODS OF ANALYSIS
6.1 Sampling
6.1.1 Spot samples of solid sodium chlorate are taken with a non-ferrous metal probe, immersing it to 2/3 of the depth of the drum or bag along the vertical axis. Scoop sampling from the flow is allowed. The mass of the incremental sample must be at least 200 g.
6.1.2 Samples are taken from the tank according to GOST 2517. In this case, before sampling, liquid sodium chlorate is heated and mixed. The heating temperature should be between 60 and 80 °C. The volume of the incremental sample must be at least 1 dm3.
6.1.3 Point samples are combined together, mixed and an average sample of a solid product weighing at least 250 g is taken, a liquid product - with a volume of at least 0.5 dm3. An average sample of the product is placed in a clean, dry glass jar with a ground stopper or a polyethylene jar with a screw cap. It is allowed to place an average sample of a solid product in a bag of polyethylene film, which is sealed.
A label is attached to the jar or package indicating the name of the product (its brand), batch number (tank), date of sampling and the name of the person who took the sample.
6.2 Liquid sample preparation
Before analysis, a sample of a liquid product is heated to a temperature of (80 ± 5) ° C and placed in pre-weighed cups for weighing in accordance with GOST 25336. The cups are closed, cooled and weighed again to determine the weight of the sample of the liquid product.
6.3 General instructions for the analysis - according to GOST 27025.
It is allowed to use other measuring instruments with metrological characteristics and equipment with technical specifications not worse, as well as reagents in quality not lower than those indicated.
Rounding analysis results to the decimal point indicated in the specification table.
6.4 Determination of the mass fraction of sodium chlorate
6.4.1 Apparatus
Laboratory scales of the 2nd accuracy class according to GOST 24104 with the maximum weighing limit of 200 g.
Burette according to GOST 29252 with a capacity of 50 cm3.
Volumetric flask according to GOST 1770 version 1 or 2 with a capacity of 500 ml.
Conical flask type Kn according to GOST 25336 version 1 or 2 with a capacity of 250 ml.
Pipette according to GOST 29228 with a capacity of 10 cm.
Pipette according to GOST 29169 with a capacity of 10 and 25 cm.
Cup for weighing according to GOST 25336
6.4.2 Reagents
Distilled water according to GOST 6709.
Iron (II) sulfate, 7-water according to GOST 4148, a solution of molar concentration (FeSO 7HO) \u003d 0.1 mol / dm, is prepared as follows: 28 g of iron sulfate is dissolved in 500 cm3 of water, to which 100 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid. It is then diluted with water to 1 dm and, if necessary, filtered.
Potassium permanganate according to GOST 20490, solution of molar concentration (KMnO) = 0.1 mol / dm, prepared according to GOST 25794.2.
Orthophosphoric acid according to GOST 6552.
Sulfuric acid according to GOST 4204.
Sodium molybdate according to GOST 10931, solution with a mass fraction
6.4.3 Conducting analysis
1.3-1.7 g of the solid or 2.5 cm of liquid product prepared according to 4.2 is weighed, recording the weighing result in grams to four decimal places. A portion of the product is quantitatively transferred into a volumetric flask, dissolved in water, the volume of the solution in the flask is adjusted to the mark with water and mixed.
10 cm3 of the resulting solution is transferred with a pipette into a conical flask, then 25 cm3 of a solution of ferrous sulfate, 6 cm3 of sulfuric acid, 5 cm3 of orthophosphoric acid, 3-5 drops of a solution of sodium molybdate are added with a pipette, the contents of the flask are mixed and titrated with a solution of potassium permanganate until a faint pink color .
At the same time, a control experiment is carried out under the same conditions with the same volumes of reagents.
6.4.4 Handling results
Mass fraction of sodium chlorate, %, is calculated by the formula
where is the volume of a solution of potassium permanganate with a molar concentration of exactly 0.1 mol / dm, used for titration in the control experiment, cm;
- the volume of a solution of potassium permanganate with a molar concentration of exactly 0.1 mol / dm, used for titration of the sample, cm;
0.001774 - mass of sodium chlorate corresponding to 1 cm3 of a solution of potassium permanganate with a molar concentration of exactly 0.1 mol / dm, g;
- mass of the sample of the product (for a solid product in terms of dry matter), g.
The result of the analysis is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations, the absolute discrepancy between which does not exceed the allowable discrepancy equal to 0.3% with a confidence level of 0.95.
Permissible absolute total error of the analysis result is ±0.9% (for a solid product) and ±0.5% (for a liquid product) with a confidence level of 0.95.
It is allowed to determine the mass fraction of sodium chlorate in accordance with GOST 29208.4. When analyzing a liquid product, a 5 cm sample is taken, prepared
6.5 Determination of the mass fraction of water
The mass fraction of water is determined according to GOST 29208.2.
The result of the analysis is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations, the absolute discrepancy between which does not exceed the allowable discrepancy equal to 0.08% with a confidence level of 0.95.
Permissible absolute total error of the analysis result is ±0.08% at a confidence level of 0.95.
6.6 Determination of the mass fraction of chlorides in terms of NaCl
The mass fraction of chlorides is determined according to GOST 29208.3.
When analyzing a liquid product, take a 10 ml sample prepared according to 6.2.
The mass fraction of chlorides in the liquid product in terms of sodium chloride (NaCl),%, is calculated by the formula
where
The result of the analysis is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations, the absolute discrepancy between which does not exceed the allowable discrepancy equal to 0.05% with a confidence level of 0.95.
Permissible absolute total error of the analysis result is ±0.05% at a confidence level of 0.95.
6.7 Determination of the mass fraction of sulfates
6.7.1 Apparatus
Laboratory scales of the 3rd accuracy class according to GOST 24104 with the maximum weighing limit of 500 g.
Photoelectrocolorimeter.
Volumetric flasks according to GOST 1770, version 1 or 2, with a capacity of 25 and 500 cm3.
Pipettes according to GOST 29228 with a capacity of 1 and 5 cm.
Pipettes according to GOST 29169 with a capacity of 5 and 10 cm.
Cup for weighing according to GOST 25336 SV 34/12 or SN 34/12, or SN 45/13.
6.7.2 Reagents
Distilled water according to GOST 6709.
Barium chloride, a solution with a mass fraction of 20%, is prepared according to GOST 4517.
Hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118, solution with a mass fraction of 10%.
Soluble starch, a solution with a mass fraction of 1%, is prepared according to GOST 4517.
A solution containing sulfates is prepared according to GOST 4212.
An appropriate dilution is used to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of sulfates of 0.01 mg/cm. The diluted solution is used freshly prepared.
6.7.3 Building a calibration curve
The calibration graph is built according to GOST 10671.5, using volumetric flasks with a capacity of 25 cm3.
6.7.4 Conducting analysis
Weigh 14.5-15.5 g of the solid or 3 ml of liquid prepared in accordance with 6.2, recording the weighing result in grams to two decimal places. A weighed portion of the product is quantitatively transferred into a 500 ml volumetric flask, dissolved in water, the volume of the solution in the flask is adjusted to the mark with water and mixed thoroughly.
10 ml of the resulting solution (for a solid product) or 5 ml of the resulting solution (for a liquid product) are pipetted into a 25 ml volumetric flask, add 1 ml of the solution of hydrochloric acid, 3 ml of starch solution, 3 ml of barium chloride solution, mix thoroughly. Then periodically stir every 10 minutes. Further, the analysis is carried out according to GOST 10671.
6.7.5 Handling results
The mass fraction of sulfates,%, is calculated from the formulas for a solid product
for liquid product
where is the mass of sulfates found from the calibration curve, mg;
- weight of the sample of the product, g;
- mass fraction of sodium chlorate in the liquid product, determined by 6.4, %.
The result of the analysis is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations, the absolute discrepancy between which does not exceed the allowable discrepancy equal to 0.003% (for a solid product) and 0.05% (for a liquid product) with a confidence level of 0.95.
Permissible absolute total error of the analysis result is ±0.003% (for a solid product) and ±0.05% (for a liquid product) with a confidence level of 0.95.
6.8 Determination of the mass fraction of chromates
6.8.1 Apparatus
Laboratory scales of the 2nd and 3rd accuracy class according to GOST 24104 with the maximum weighing limit of 200 and 500 g, respectively.
Photoelectrocolorimeter.
Volumetric flasks according to GOST 1770 version 1 or 2 with a capacity of 25 cm3, 100 cm3 and 1 dm.
Pipettes according to GOST 29228 with a capacity of 1, 5, 10 cm.
Pipette according to GOST 29169 with a capacity of 10 cm.
Cup for weighing according to GOST 25336 SV 34/12 or SN 34/12, or SN 45/13.
6.8.2 Reagents
Acetone according to GOST 2603.
Distilled water according to GOST 6709.
Diphenylcarbazide, a solution of a mass concentration of 2.5 g / dm in acetone, is prepared as follows: (0.2500 ± 0.0002) g of diphenylcarbazide is dissolved in 100 ml of acetone. The solution is stored in a dark glass bottle.
Potassium dichromate according to GOST 4220.
Sulfuric acid according to GOST 4204, solution of molar concentration (HSO)=5 mol/dm.
A solution containing chromium (VI) is prepared according to GOST 4212. An appropriate dilution is used to prepare a solution containing 0.001 mg of chromium (VI) in 1 cm3. The diluted solution is used freshly prepared
6.8.3 Building a calibration curve
Reference solutions are prepared as follows.
In five volumetric flasks with a capacity of 25 cm add 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 8.0; 10.0 ml of a dilute solution of potassium dichromate, which corresponds to 0.002; 0.004; 0.006; 0.008 and 0.010 mg of chromium (VI).
Add 1 ml of sulfuric acid solution, 1 ml of diphenylcarbazide solution to each flask, dilute the volumes of solutions with water to the mark and mix.
Simultaneously prepare a chromium-free control solution.
After 2 minutes, the optical densities of the reference solutions are measured with respect to the control solution on a photoelectric colorimeter at a wavelength of 540 nm, using a cuvette with a light-absorbing layer thickness of 20 mm.
Based on the data obtained, a calibration graph is built, plotting the entered mass of chromium in milligrams along the abscissa axis, and the corresponding value of optical density along the ordinate axis.
6.8.4 Conducting analysis
6.0-7.0 g of the solid product or 3 cm of the liquid product of brand A or 1 cm of the liquid product of brand B are weighed, recording the weighing result with two decimal places. Liquid product samples shall be prepared in accordance with 6.2.
The sample is quantitatively transferred into a volumetric flask with a capacity of 1 dm (for a solid and liquid product of brand B) and a capacity of 100 cm3 (for a liquid product of brand A). Dilute the volume of the solution in the flask with water to the mark and mix.
10 cm3 of the resulting solution is transferred with a pipette into a volumetric flask with a capacity of 25 cm3, and then the analysis is carried out in the same way as when constructing a calibration graph.
6.8.5 Handling results
Mass fraction of chromates, %, is calculated by the formulas
for solid product
for liquid product grade A
for liquid product grade B
where is the mass of chromium found from the calibration curve, mg;
- weight of the sample of the product, g;
2.23 - conversion factor Cr to CrO;
- mass fraction of sodium chlorate in the liquid product, determined by 6.4, %.
The result of the analysis is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations, the absolute discrepancy between which does not exceed the allowable discrepancy equal to 0.002% for a solid product, 0.0003% for a liquid product of brand A and 0.01% for a liquid product of brand B at a confidence level of 0 .95.
The permissible absolute total error of the analysis result is ±0.002% for a solid product, ±0.0003% for a liquid product of brand A and ±0.03% for a liquid product of brand B with a confidence level of 0.95.
6.9 Determination of the mass fraction of water-insoluble substances
The mass fraction of substances insoluble in water is determined according to GOST 29208.1. When analyzing a liquid product, take a 40 ml sample prepared according to 6.2.
The mass fraction of water-insoluble substances in a liquid product,%, is calculated by the formula
where is the mass of the filter crucible together with the residue, g;
- weight of the filtering crucible, g;
- mass of sample for analysis, g;
- mass fraction of sodium chlorate in the liquid product, determined by 6.4, %.
The result of the analysis is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations, the absolute discrepancy between which does not exceed the allowable discrepancy, equal to 0.003% for a solid product and 0.01% for a liquid product.
Permissible absolute total error of the analysis result is ±0.003% for a solid product and ±0.01% for a liquid product.
6.10 Determination of the mass fraction of iron Watch glass.
A portion of the product is quantitatively transferred to a porcelain cup, 20 cm3 of water and 20 cm3 of hydrochloric acid solution are added.
The cup is covered with a watch glass and heated in a water bath until the release of gas bubbles stops. Then the glass is removed, washed over the cup with water, after which the solution in the cup is evaporated to dryness in a water bath.
The residue in the cup is dissolved in 20 ml of water, the solution is transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 ml, the volume of the solution in the flask is adjusted to the mark with water and mixed.
20 cm3 of the resulting solution is transferred with a pipette into a volumetric flask with a capacity of 50 cm3, and then the analysis is carried out according to GOST 10555 by the sulfosalicylic method, without adding hydrochloric acid solution to the analyzed solution
6.10.3 The mass fraction of iron, %, is calculated from the formulas for a solid product
for liquid product
where is the mass of iron found from the calibration curve, mg;
- weight of the sample of the product, g;
- mass fraction of sodium chlorate in the liquid product, determined by 6.4, %.
The result of the analysis is taken as the arithmetic mean of the results of two parallel determinations, the absolute discrepancy between which does not exceed the allowable discrepancy equal to 0.0015% with a confidence level of 0.95.
The permissible absolute total error of the analysis result is ±0.0015% for a solid product and ±0.002% for a liquid product with a confidence level of 0.95.
7 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
7.1 Solid sodium chlorate is transported by rail and road in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport, and instructions for ensuring the safety of transportation of dangerous goods by road, approved in the prescribed manner. The product is transported in covered vehicles. By railway- carload shipments.
7.2 Liquid sodium chlorate is transported by rail in special tanks of the consignor (consignee) with a safety cap.
7.2.1 The degree (level) of filling of tanks is calculated taking into account the full use of their capacity (carrying capacity) and the volumetric expansion of the product with a possible temperature difference along the route.
7.2.2 It is not allowed to get the product on the outer surface of the tank. If a liquid product comes into contact with the surface of the tank, it must be washed off with plenty of water.
7.2.3 Filling hatches of tanks are sealed with rubber gaskets.
7.3 Solid sodium chlorate must be transported in overpacks formed in accordance with GOST 26663, in drums - on flat pallets in accordance with GOST 9557, in textile bags - on flat pallets made of aluminum or light alloys, made in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9078 and regulatory and technical documentation, duly approved, in polyethylene bags - in box aluminum or light alloy pallets of a folding design, made in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9570 and regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
Means of fastening tare cargoes in a package - in accordance with GOST 21650.
The gross weight of the package must not exceed 1 ton.
Package dimensions - according to GOST 24597.
It is allowed, upon agreement with the consumer, to transport packaged solid sodium chlorate by road in unpackaged form.
7.4 Sodium chlorate in the manufacturer's packaging is stored in closed special rooms designed for the storage of explosive goods weighing no more than 200 tons.
Do not store sodium chlorate together with combustible substances, ammonia salts and acids.
Liquid sodium chlorate is stored in special containers equipped with air bubblers for mixing and heat exchangers for heating.
8 MANUFACTURER WARRANTY
8.1 The manufacturer guarantees that the quality of sodium chlorate meets the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage.
8.2 Warranty period of storage of solid sodium chlorate - 6 months, liquid - 1 year from the date of manufacture.
Electronic text of the document
prepared by CJSC "Kodeks" and checked against:
official publication
M.: Publishing house of standards, 1995
The electrochemical preparation of sodium and potassium chlorates is based on the anodic oxidation of hypochlorous salt:
6С1СГ + 60Н "= 2CIO3 + 4СГ + 17202 + zn2o
The theoretical yield of chlorate during the electrolysis of a neutral solution of NaCl with platinum anodes is 66.67% sh. Electrolysis is accelerated in an acidic environment with the addition of HC1, as well as with an increase in temperature due to the acceleration of the chemical oxidation of sodium hypochlorite. The addition of other acids, such as HBr, does not affect the current efficiency and reaction rate.19 The theoretical yield of chlorate on current in an acidic solution can be 100% due to the simultaneous flow along with the discharge ions SCZ chemical oxidation of hypochlorite by hypochlorous acid By reactions:
2HC10 + SU" = CIO3 + 2SG + 2H+
But with high acidity, a release may occur. parts Chlorine in the form of a gas due to the shift of the equilibrium of the chlorine hydrolysis reaction to the left. Therefore, a solution with pH = 6.7 is used, which corresponds to the ratio of chlorate and free acid equal to 1:2.
Under these conditions, chlorate current efficiencies can exceed 90%.
It is also proposed to eliminate the change in acidity during electrolysis by first saturating the electrolyte with chlorine 192. 4-10 G /l chromate or sodium dichromate to prevent the reduction of hypochlorous and hypochloric acid salts on kagoda due to the formation of a film of basic chromium compounds on it. In the presence of Na2Cr04, reduction losses are reduced to 1-3% instead of 70% without additive.
The electrolysis of NaCl solution is currently carried out using graphite anodes and steel cathodes instead of platinum ones; the process is carried out at 35-50 °, at a solution pH of about 6.7, at a volume current density of 1.7-14 a/l, anode density 300-1400 a/m2 and cathode density 250-540 a/m2. The current output averages 80-85%. Energy consumption per 1 ton of NaClOs is about 1500 kWh Carrying out electrolysis at more than high temperature associated with a significant consumption of graphite. The use of magnetite anodes instead of graphite anodes makes it possible to raise the temperature to 70°5 Oe. However,1 magnetite anodes are rarely used due to their low electrical conductivity w.
There are attempts to further increase the current density: volumetric up to 64 a/l, anode up to 6000 a/m 2 and cathode up to 3100 a / m2193. To carry out the process, electrolyzers with a load of 15-18 thousand a107 can be used.
Electrolysis can be carried out either with the production of a low concentration chlorate solution followed by evaporation and crystallization, or in a cascade of electrolyzers with the production of high concentration chlorate liquors w" 194 and crystallization of NaC103 by cooling.
The original solution contains 195: 270-280 g/l NaCl, 50-60 g/l NaClOa, 5-6 g/l Na2Cr207 and 0.5-0.6 g/l HC1. It is obtained by mixing brine table salt and secondary mother liquor after crystallization of NaC103.
The outgoing weak solution sent for evaporation contains 300-450 g/l NaC103 and 150-180 g/l NaCl. The resulting solution must be freed from unreacted hypochlorite to prevent corrosion. This is carried out by heating the solution with steam to 85-95 ° and subsequent reduction with solutions of formic acid, sulfurous salt, etc. The neutralized solution is separated from graphite particles in a settler and on a sand filter, and then evaporated to a density of 1.5-1.6 g/cm3. During evaporation, sodium chloride is released, which, after washing, is used to prepare the initial brine.
The evaporated solution contains an average of 900 g/l NaC103, 80-100 g/l NaCl and 17-18 g/l Na2Cr207. It is separated from NaCl, heated to 100°, and saturated with chlorate isolated from the mother liquors. After saturation, the solution density.- 1.63 g/cm3 and a concentration of about 1100 g/l NaC103, cooled in an enameled cast iron mold to 30°. The precipitated crystals of sodium chlorate are separated from the solution by centrifugation, washed with water from the yellow film of chromate salt and dried with hot air.
The mother liquor obtained after crystallization of the bulk of the chlorate is evaporated, and the chlorate separated after that is used to resaturate the solution for crystallization. The resulting secondary mother liquor is sent for mixing with salt brine 188-1E6.
In some cases, the crystallization of NaCl03 from a solution after electrolysis is carried out without its preliminary evaporation and directing it directly to cooling. In this case, a solution containing 550-610 g/l NaC103 and 100 g/l NaCl. After sedimentation of graphite particles and additional purification on the filter, the solution is subjected to crystallization upon cooling in continuous apparatus. Sodium chlorate is separated from the mother liquor, dried and ground. The mother liquor containing the unreacted NaCl is used to dissolve new amounts of salt.
However, the input to the process exceeds its consumption by ~60 kg For 1 t NaC103. Therefore, in order to avoid dilution of the solutions, it is recommended 197 to carry out a back-up of liquors or to reduce the input of water at individual stages of the production cycle. The production of 1 g of NaC103 by this method requires194: 5200-5500 kWh Electricity, 4-8 kg electrodes and cold about 200 thousand. kcal. When working with evaporation at the same power consumption, instead of cold, 1.8-2.5 mgcal pair.
In production electrochemical method potassium chlorate 173 electrolysis is subjected to a solution containing 250 g/l KS1, 50 g/l KSUZ, 3 g/l K2Cr207, at pH =» 5.5. The power of the electrolyzers is 3000 a. Bath voltage 3 in. The solution leaving the bath containing 150-200 g/l KS103, after the decomposition of hypochlorite, is sent for crystallization in a concrete column-refrigerator. The solution is sprayed from the top of the column, and the solution is fed from the bottom
22 M. E. Pozin fan air at 15-20 °. In this case, a partial evaporation of the solution occurs with simultaneous crystallization of chlorate. The pulp flowing from the lower part of the column is first thickened in a settling tank and then separated in a centrifuge. The mother liquor is returned to the process after saturation with potassium chloride. Potassium chlorate crystals are sometimes dissolved and recrystallized to obtain a high quality product.
Sometimes potassium chlorate is produced by a combined method in two stages. First, the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution is carried out, which also contains a certain amount of KSO3 (from circulating solutions). Then NaC103 is exchanged with potassium chloride 198. The liquor is preliminarily subjected to chlorination. During chlorination, an additional amount of NaC103 is formed due to NaCIO not oxidized during electrolysis. In this case, NaC103 is obtained by the reaction of hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid 199-200 (see above).
During the electrolysis of a mixed solution of NaCl and KC1, the conversion of NaC103 with the help of KC1 is carried out in a smaller volume due to the formation of significant amounts of KC103 by electrochemical means. The initial solution contains 70-100 g/l KSYU3 (from working solutions), 180-220 g/l NaCl, 100-130 g/l KS1, 5 - 6g/l NaaCr207 and 0.6-0.7 g/l HC1. As a result of electrolysis, a solution containing 150-200 g/l KSUZ, 80-120 g/l NaC103, 60-70 g/l KS1, 140-160 g/l NaCl. It is heated to 100° in an apparatus with a stirrer, into which solid potassium chloride is fed. Converted solution containing 270-300 g/l KSUZ, 180-200 g/l NaCl and 100-130 g/l KC1 is cooled to 35-40° to crystallize KSYU3. After separating the precipitated crystals, the mother liquor is returned to electrolysis, bringing its composition to its original state.
0.61-0.65 g of KS1, 15-20 kg HC1, 1.5-2.0 kg K2Cr207 and about 6000 kW -h electricity.
Also registered with: USA
Basic information:
| Broad spectrum, systemic that travels to all parts of the weed. Phytoxic to all businesses. |
| White powder |
Release:
sodium chlorate: behavior in the environment
| Index | Meaning | Explanation | ||
| Solubility in water at 20 o C (mg/l) | 650000 A5 High||||
| Solubility in organic solvents at 20 o C (mg/l) | Insoluble A5 - Most organic Solvents -||||
| Melting point (o C) | 255A5-||||
| Boiling point (o C) | Decomposes to boil A4 -||||
| Decomposition temperature (o C) | 260A3-||||
| Flash point (o C) | Flammability is not high A5 -||||
| Partition coefficient in octanol/water at pH 7, 20 o C | P: 1.26 X 10 -03 Calculated -||||
| Specific gravity(g/ml) / Specific Gravity | 2.499 L3-||||
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25 o C | -2 A4 -||||
| Note: Very strong acid | ||||
| Vapor pressure at 25 o C (MPa) | 5.2 X 10 -06 A2 Intermediate state||||
| Henry's law constant at 25 o C (Pa * m 3 / mol) | 5.2 X 10 -09 A3 - Not volatile||||
| Henry's law constant at 20 o C (dimensionless) | 3.50 X 10 -16 Calculated Not volatile||||
| Decay period in soil (days) | DT50 (typical) 200 F3 Stable||||
| According to laboratory studies of the European Union, DT50 is 46.7-314.6 days | ||||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value: Stable A5 Stable||||
| - | ||||
| Aqueous hydrolysis of DT50 (days) at 20 o C and pH 7 | Value: Stable A5 Very stable||||
| Not sensitive to pH | ||||
| Water precipitation DT50 (days) | - - -||||
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - - -||||
| GUS washout potential index | 6.90 Calculated High Leaching||||
| Concentration growth index in groundwater SCI (µg/l) at an application rate of 1 kg/ha (l/ha) | Value: 4.51 X 10 +01 Calculated -||||
| - | ||||
| Potential for particle bound transport index | - Average is calculated||||
| Koc - organic carbon partition coefficient (ml/g) | 10 F3 Very mobile||||
| pH resistance: | ||||
| Note: | ||||
| Freundlich adsorption isotherm | kf:-- | -|||
| - | ||||
| Maximum UV absorbance (l/(mol*cm)) | - - -||||
sodium chlorate: ecotoxicity
| Index | Meaning | Source / Qualitative indicators / Other information | Explanation | |
| Bioconcentration factor | BCF:-- | -|||
| Bioaccumulative potential | - Calculated Low||||
| LD50 (mg/kg) | > 5000 A5 Rat Low||||
| Mammals - Short term food NOEL | (mg/kg): -- | -|||
| Poultry - Acute LD50 (mg/kg) | 2510 A5 Mallard Duck Low||||
| Birds - Acute toxicity (CK50 / LD50) | - - -||||
| Fish - Acute 96 hour CK50 (mg/l) | 10000 G2 Unknown species Low||||
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg/l) | 500 A5 Danio rerio -||||
| Aquatic Invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg/L) | 919.3 A5 Short||||
| Aquatic Invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg/L) | 500 A5 Daphnia magna (Daphnia large, Water flea large) -||||
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour CK50 (mg/l) | - - -||||
| Bottom microorganisms - Acute 96 hour CK50 (mg/l) | - - -||||
| NOEC , static, Water (mg/l) | - - -||||
| Bottom microorganisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC , Sedimentary rock (mg/kg) | - - -||||
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50 , biomass (mg/l) | 134 A5 Lesser duckweed Short||||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50 growth (mg/l) | 1595 A5 Green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) Short||||
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC , growth (mg/l) | - - -||||
| Bees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (mcg/individual) | > 75 A5 Oral Moderate||||
| Earthworms - Acute 14-day CK50 (mg/kg) | > 750 A5 Moderate||||
| Soil Worms - Chronic 14-Day Maximum Inactive Concentration, Reproduction (mg/kg) | - - -||||
| Other Arthropods (1) | LR50 (g/ha): 84.4 A5 predatory mite Moderately hazardous at 1 kg/ha||||
| Other Arthropods (2) | LR50 (g/ha): 250.6 A5 Rider Moderately hazardous at 1 kg/ha||||
| Soil microorganisms | Mineralization of nitrogen: -47Action (%)||||
| Available data on the mesoworld (mesocosm) | NOEAEC mg/l: - - -||||
sodium chlorate: human health
Main characteristics:
| Index | Meaning | Source / Qualitative indicators / Other information | Explanation | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg/kg) | > 5000 A5 Rat Low||||
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg/kg body weight) | > 2000 A5 Rat -||||
| Mammals - Inhalation CK50 (mg/l) | > 3.9 A5 Rat -||||
| ADI - acceptable daily dose (mg / kg body weight per day) | Not defined A5 -||||
| ARfD - average daily intake (mg/kg body weight per day) | Not defined A5 -||||
| AOEL - tolerable systemic exposure level for an operator | 0.35 A5 Rat, SF=200 -||||
| Skin absorption (%) | - - -||||
| Hazardous Substances Directive 76/464/EC | - - -||||
| Types of restrictions | - - -||||
| by category | General:||||
| , | ||||
| Examples of European | ||||
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| sodium chlorate | |
| Sodium-chlorate-component-ions-2D.png | |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Systematic Name |
sodium chlorate |
| Traditional names | sodium chloride |
| Chem. formula | NaClO 3 |
| Physical properties | |
| State | colorless crystals |
| Molar mass | 106.44 g/mol |
| Density | 2.490; 2.493 g/cm³ |
| Thermal Properties | |
| T. melt. | 255; 261; 263°C |
| T. kip. | dec. 390°C |
| Mol. heat capacity | 100.1 J/(mol K) |
| Enthalpy of formation | -358 kJ/mol |
| Chemical properties | |
| Solubility in water | 100.5 25; 204 100 g/100 ml |
| Solubility in ethylenediamine | 52.8 g/100 ml |
| Solubility in dimethylformamide | 23.4 g/100 ml |
| Solubility in monoethanolamine | 19.7 g/100 ml |
| Solubility in acetone | 0.094 g/100 ml |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | 7775-09-9 |
| SMILES | Cl(=O)=O] |
| Reg. EC number | 231-887-4 |
| RTECS | FO0525000 |
| Data is based on standard conditions (25 °C, 100 kPa) unless otherwise noted. | |
sodium chlorate- inorganic compound, sodium metal salt and chloric acid with the formula NaClO 3 , colorless crystals, highly soluble in water.
Receipt
- Sodium chlorate is prepared by the action of chloric acid on sodium carbonate:
- or by passing chlorine through a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution when heated:
- Electrolysis aqueous solutions sodium chloride:
Physical properties
Sodium chlorate - colorless cubic crystals, space group P 2 1 3 , cell parameters a= 0.6568 nm, Z = 4.
At 230-255°C it passes into another phase, at 255-260°C it passes into a monoclinic phase.
Chemical properties
- Disproportionates when heated:
- Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent; in the solid state, mixed with carbon, sulfur and other reducing agents, it detonates when heated or on impact.
Application
- Sodium chlorate has found application in pyrotechnics.
Write a review on the article "Sodium Chlorate"
Literature
- Chemical Encyclopedia / Ed.: Knunyants I.L. and others. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1992. - T. 3. - 639 p. - ISBN 5-82270-039-8.
- Handbook of a chemist / Editorial board: Nikolsky B.P. and others. - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.-L.: Chemistry, 1966. - T. 1. - 1072 p.
- Handbook of a chemist / Editorial board: Nikolsky B.P. and others. - 3rd ed., corrected. - L.: Chemistry, 1971. - T. 2. - 1168 p.
- Ripan R., Chetyanu I. Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. - M .: Mir, 1971. - T. 1. - 561 p.
| This article about inorganic matter is a stub. You can help the project by adding to it. |
An excerpt describing sodium chlorate
It was eleven o'clock in the morning. The sun stood somewhat to the left and behind Pierre and brightly illuminated through the clean, rare air the huge panorama that opened before him like an amphitheater along the rising terrain.Up and to the left along this amphitheater, cutting through it, the big Smolenskaya road wound, going through a village with a white church, lying five hundred paces in front of the mound and below it (this was Borodino). The road crossed under the village across the bridge and through the descents and ascents wound higher and higher to the village of Valuev, which could be seen six miles away (Napoleon was now standing in it). Behind Valuev, the road was hidden in a yellowed forest on the horizon. In this forest, birch and spruce, to the right of the direction of the road, a distant cross and the bell tower of the Kolotsky Monastery glittered in the sun. Throughout this blue distance, to the right and left of the forest and the road, in different places one could see smoking fires and indefinite masses of our and enemy troops. To the right, along the course of the Kolocha and Moskva rivers, the area was ravine and mountainous. Between their gorges, the villages of Bezzubovo and Zakharyino could be seen in the distance. To the left, the terrain was more even, there were fields with grain, and one could see one smoking, burned village - Semenovskaya.
Everything that Pierre saw to the right and to the left was so indefinite that neither the left nor the right side of the field fully satisfied his idea. Everywhere there was not a share of the battle that he expected to see, but fields, clearings, troops, forests, smoke from fires, villages, mounds, streams; and no matter how much Pierre disassembled, he could not find positions in this living area and could not even distinguish your troops from the enemy.
“We must ask someone who knows,” he thought, and turned to the officer, who was looking with curiosity at his unmilitary huge figure.
“Let me ask,” Pierre turned to the officer, “which village is ahead?”
- Burdino or what? – said the officer, addressing his comrade with a question.
- Borodino, - correcting, answered the other.
The officer, apparently pleased with the opportunity to talk, moved towards Pierre.
Are ours there? Pierre asked.
“Yes, and the French are farther away,” said the officer. “There they are, they are visible.
- Where? where? Pierre asked.
- You can see it with the naked eye. Yes, here, here! The officer pointed with his hand at the smoke visible to the left across the river, and on his face appeared that stern and serious expression that Pierre had seen on many faces he met.
Oh, it's French! And there? .. - Pierre pointed to the left at the mound, near which troops were visible.
- These are ours.
- Ah, ours! And there? .. - Pierre pointed to another distant mound with a large tree, near the village, visible in the gorge, near which fires were also smoking and something blackened.
"It's him again," the officer said. (It was the Shevardinsky redoubt.) - Yesterday was ours, and now it's his.
So what is our position?
- Position? said the officer with a smile of pleasure. - I can tell you this clearly, because I built almost all of our fortifications. Here, you see, our center is in Borodino, right here. He pointed to a village with a white church in front. - There is a crossing over the Kolocha. Here, you see, where rows of cut hay lie in the lowlands, here is the bridge. This is our center. Our right flank is where (he pointed steeply to the right, far into the gorge), there is the Moskva River, and there we built three very strong redoubts. The left flank ... - and then the officer stopped. - You see, it's hard to explain to you ... Yesterday our left flank was right there, in Shevardin, over there, you see where the oak is; and now we have taken back the left wing, now out, out - see the village and the smoke? - This is Semenovskoye, yes here, - he pointed to the mound of Raevsky. “But it’s unlikely that there will be a battle here. That he moved troops here is a hoax; he, right, will go around to the right of Moscow. Well, yes, wherever it is, we will not count many tomorrow! the officer said.
The old non-commissioned officer, who approached the officer during his story, silently waited for the end of his superior's speech; but at this point he, obviously dissatisfied with the words of the officer, interrupted him.
“You have to go for tours,” he said sternly.
The officer seemed to be embarrassed, as if he realized that one could think about how many people would be missing tomorrow, but one should not talk about it.
“Well, yes, send the third company again,” the officer said hastily.
“And what are you, not one of the doctors?”
Cl(=O)=O]
sodium chlorate- inorganic compound, sodium metal salt and chloric acid with the formula NaClO 3 , colorless crystals, highly soluble in water.
Receipt
- Sodium chlorate is prepared by the action of chloric acid on sodium carbonate:
texvc not found; See math/README for tuning help.): \mathsf(Na_2CO_3 + 2\ HClO_3\ \xrightarrow(\ )\ 2\ NaClO_3 + H_2O + CO_2\uparrow )
- or by passing chlorine through a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution when heated:
texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.): \mathsf(6\ NaOH + 3\ Cl_2\ \xrightarrow(\ )\ NaClO_3 + 5\ NaCl + 3\ H_2O )
- Electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride:
texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.): \mathsf(6\ NaCl + 3\ H_2O \ \xrightarrow(e^-)\ NaClO_3 + 5\ NaCl + 3\ H_2\uparrow )
Physical properties
Sodium chlorate - colorless cubic crystals, space group P 2 1 3 , cell parameters a= 0.6568 nm, Z = 4.
At 230-255°C it passes into another phase, at 255-260°C it passes into a monoclinic phase.
Chemical properties
- Disproportionates when heated:
texvc not found; See math/README for tuning help.): \mathsf(10\ NaClO_3 \ \xrightarrow(390-520^oC)\ 6\ NaClO_4 + 4\ NaCl + 3\ O_2\uparrow )
- Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent; in the solid state, mixed with carbon, sulfur and other reducing agents, it detonates when heated or on impact.
Application
- Sodium chlorate has found application in pyrotechnics.
Write a review on the article "Sodium Chlorate"
Literature
- Chemical Encyclopedia / Ed.: Knunyants I.L. and others. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1992. - T. 3. - 639 p. - ISBN 5-82270-039-8.
- Handbook of a chemist / Editorial board: Nikolsky B.P. and others. - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.-L.: Chemistry, 1966. - T. 1. - 1072 p.
- Handbook of a chemist / Editorial board: Nikolsky B.P. and others. - 3rd ed., corrected. - L.: Chemistry, 1971. - T. 2. - 1168 p.
- Ripan R., Chetyanu I. Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. - M .: Mir, 1971. - T. 1. - 561 p.
| Chemical vessels | This article about inorganic matter is a stub. You can help the project by adding to it. |
An excerpt describing sodium chlorate
- Well, where did you "walk", Madonna Isidora? my tormentor asked in a mockingly sweet voice.“I wanted to visit my daughter, Your Holiness. But she couldn't...
I didn't care what he thought, or whether my "sally" made him angry. My soul hovered far away, in the amazing White City, which Easten showed me, and everything around seemed distant and miserable. But, unfortunately, Caraffa did not allow me to go into dreams for a long time ... Immediately sensing my changed mood, the "holiness" panicked.
– Did they let you into Meteora, Madonna Isidora? - Caraffa asked as calmly as possible.
I knew that in his soul he was simply “burning”, wanting to get an answer faster, and I decided to torment him until he told me where my father was now.
“Does it matter, Your Holiness?” After all, you have my father, whom you can ask everything, which is natural, I will not answer. Or have you not had enough time to interrogate him yet?
– I do not advise you to talk to me in such a tone, Isidora. How you intend to behave will largely depend on his fate. Therefore, try to be more polite.
– And how would you behave if instead of mine, your father turned out to be here, Holiness? .. – trying to change the topic that had become dangerous, I asked.
“If my father was a HERETIC, I would burn him at the stake!” - Caraffa answered quite calmly.
What kind of soul did this “holy” person have?!.. And did he even have one?
“Yes, I was in Meteora, Your Holiness, and I am very sorry that I will never get there again ...” I answered sincerely.
“Have you really been expelled from there too, Isidora?” Caraffa laughed in surprise.
“No, Holiness, I was invited to stay. I left on my own...
- It can not be! There is no such person who would not want to stay there, Isidora!
- Well, why not? And my father, Holiness?
I don't believe he was allowed to. I think he should have left. It's just that his time is probably over. Or the Gift wasn't strong enough.
It seemed to me that he was trying, by all means, to convince himself of what he really wanted to believe.
- Not all people love only themselves, you know ... - I said sadly. “There is something more important than power or strength. There is still love in the world...
Caraffa brushed me off like an annoying fly, as if I had just uttered some complete nonsense ...
- Love does not control the world, Isidora, well, but I want to control it!
– A person can do everything... until he starts trying, Your Holiness – I “bite” without restraining myself.
And remembering something that she definitely wanted to know, she asked:
– Tell me, Your Holiness, do you know the truth about Jesus and Magdalene?
– Do you mean that they lived in Meteora? I nodded. - Yes, of course! That was the first thing I asked them about!
– How is this possible?!.. – I asked dumbfounded. – Did you also know that they were not Jews? Caraffa nodded again. – But you don’t talk about it anywhere, do you? Nobody knows about it! And what about the TRUTH, Your Holiness?! ..
- Do not make me laugh, Isidora! .. - Caraffa laughed sincerely. - You real baby! Who needs your “truth”?.. The crowd that never looked for it?!.. No, my dear, Truth is needed only by a handful of thinkers, and the crowd should simply “believe”, well, what - it no longer has of great importance. The main thing is that people obey. And what is presented to them at the same time is already secondary. The TRUTH is dangerous, Isidora. Where the Truth is revealed, doubts appear, well, where doubts arise, a war begins... I am waging MY war, Isidora, and so far it gives me real pleasure! The world has always been based on a lie, you see... The main thing is that this lie should be interesting enough to be able to lead "narrow-minded" minds... And believe me, Isidora, if at the same time you start proving to the crowd the real Truth that refutes them “faith” is unknown in what, and you will be torn to pieces, this same crowd ...
– Is it really possible for such a smart person as Your Holiness to arrange such self-betrayal? .. You burn the innocent, hiding behind the name of the same slandered, and the same innocent God? How can you lie so shamelessly, Your Holiness?!..
