Resonant method of extracting energy from the physical vacuum. Extraction of energy through combustion Methods for extracting energy

Perhaps the resonant mechanism for extracting energy from the physical vacuum will be the most effective of all existing ones. The fact is that any oscillation is characterized by a very high degree of unevenness. Here, both the numerical value of the velocity of the oscillating body and the direction of the velocity vector are constantly changing. And the more uneven, the better the result should be.
It is not known exactly who was the first to develop resonant generators. There is evidence that the American physicist Henry Murray, back in the mid-20s of the last century, carried out the first successful experiment in extracting energy from a physical vacuum in sufficiently large volumes. And at the end of the 20s, he built a 30-stage unit with a capacity of 50 kW, which worked continuously for several months. Murray made no secret of his experiments and demonstrated a working generator to everyone. This is what ruined him. Once some madman brought a bomb with him and blew up the laboratory. And soon the inventor himself died suddenly. After his death, all the surviving papers and drawings of the installation disappeared. And therefore it is not known exactly how the device of this inventor looked like.
The second was the Serbian physicist Nikola Tesla. He also built a resonant generator, and his laboratory in Colorado Springs was also blown up. Fortunately, Tesla was much more famous than Murray, and therefore he himself was not touched. But they blocked all channels for receiving money for further development. The Tesla apparatus consisted of an electric motor and an electric generator connected to it through a mechanical clutch, as well as a spark plug. The engine rotated the generator, which produced the current needed to run the engine. At the same time, due to the presence of resonance in the circuit, the current was generated in such quantities that it was enough for the operation of the engine itself and for supplying numerous external consumers. When a spark jumps between the electrodes in a spark plug, it vibrates a very wide spectrum of frequencies. And one of them will necessarily coincide with the resonant value. If the load changes, the resonance will be at a different frequency. Such a system is very convenient because it does not need a control unit and it automatically adjusts to the resonant mode. But the spark has two drawbacks, because of which Tesla rejected this scheme. First, the spark emits a hard x-rays harmful to the body. It is for this reason that those of our contemporaries who worked with the spark circuit died prematurely: Arseny Medelanovskiy, Vladilen Dokuchaev, Alexander Chernetskiy. Secondly, the spark generates powerful radio waves, from which all televisions and radios in the area are deaf.
Tesla quickly figured out the shortcomings of the spark and abandoned this method, developing another safer one and even trying it out in practice. He used a conventional oscillatory circuit, found in all radios, and containing at least one induction coil and a variable electric capacitor. Thunderstorms with lightning are constantly raging on Earth, which give rise to electromagnetic waves wide spectrum of frequencies. The antenna picks up these waves and excites a weak alternating current in the circuit. And the resonance mode constantly maintained in the circuit amplifies the current to such an extent that the electric motor located there begins to work. When an industrial exhibition was taking place in Dallas, Texas, Tesla enlisted the support of Pierce-Arrow and General Electric, removed the gasoline engine from the Arrow car on display and installed an electric motor on it. alternating current 80 hp and a rotation speed of 1800 rpm. After that, I went to a local store, bought a few vacuum tubes, a bunch of wires, resistors, and from all this junk I built a small box measuring 60x30x15cm with two antennas. I installed the box behind the seat, connected it to the electric motor and drove off. He drove the car for a whole week, speeding up to 150 km / h. And to all questions about the source of energy, he answered that energy comes from the ether. But illiterate townsfolk considered that Tesla contacted the devil, who was pushing the car. Enraged by such insinuations, Tesla removed the box from the car and refused to tell how it works.
Some modern physics Those working in this field see the energy source of the Tesla box in electromagnetic fields. In principle, if you tune the frequency of the apparatus to the frequency of the earth's electrical magnetic field(from 7 to 7.5 hertz, the so-called Schumann resonance), it will be possible to extract energy from the magnetic field. But this contradicts what Tesla himself said. After all, he was well versed in magnetic fields, but he always spoke about the ether, and not about the field.
Such schemes are currently being explored by Andrey Melnichenko in Russia, Don Martin in the US, and Paolo Corea in Canada. The exact layout of the Don Martin installation is not known, because. Americans keep it a secret. But my personal conversation with the director of the International Tesla Institute, John McGinnis, who is promoting this development, led me to the conclusion that the American installation is almost exactly identical to Melnichenko's. Andrey started with the simplest device, which included only a generator, an electric motor and a capacitor. Here is his story, taken by me from the magazine "Light", 6, 1997: "... I made money on the construction of summer cottages. And he worked with a circular, which had a 1.5 kW motor. Everything was going great until the power went out. I went to a neighbor who had a 127 volt gasoline generator. But the circular motor is designed for 220 volts. From such a generator, the circular worked barely, the disk could be stopped with the palm of your hand. Then I took a couple of conventional capacitors and put them in series with the motor. The voltage jumped to 500 volts. I removed one capacitor, and it turned out to be a voltage just for the engine. A local electrician came, measured it and almost fainted: the gasoline generator had 100 volts and 0.5 kW, and the electric motor had 270 volts and 1.5 kW at the same current strength of 0.5 amperes. That is, the motor had an input voltage 2 times less than the nominal one, and 20% more at the output. The saw worked like a beast - the boards only flew off. He couldn't understand anything. Then I pulled out from under the engine a capacitor the size of a matchbox, which he did not notice, and explained the essence of the experiment. Any specialist can reproduce it in a few seconds and make sure that the extra power is real.”
In this installation, all the energy emitted from the physical vacuum during its transition from an excited state to a neutral state was given to the consumer. Therefore, an external source of energy was required for the next excitation cycle. In Melnichenko's scheme, it was a gasoline generator. And in Tesla's box, it was distant lightning. But if part of the energy received is used to re-excite the vacuum, the extraneous source of energy can be removed. Therefore, Melnichenko changed the installation. The modernized apparatus, in addition to the engine with a generator, also included a variable capacitor, a load, a control unit and batteries. The engine and generator were connected mechanically through a clutch and electrically. The capacitor was in the load circuit. The load circuit and the engine circuit were connected to the generator in parallel. The control unit changed the capacitance of the capacitor so that resonance was always maintained in the circuit. Batteries were needed only to start the installation, and after reaching the stationary mode, they were turned off.
And Paolo Corea seems to be repeating Murray's work. because appearance The installations of the Canadian are very reminiscent of what the American once showed and how visitors to his laboratory told about it. Corea uses acoustic resonance in plasma. In a glass tube, two flat electrodes stretch along its entire length, to which an alternating voltage is applied with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the acoustic oscillations of the plasma (and Murray had 30 such tubes installed in series in a battery). The plasma itself is created by ionizing the gas with charged particles emitted from a thin layer of radioactive material that covers the inside of the electrodes. Of course, the degree of ionization and the temperature of such a plasma are quite low, but to obtain good result this turns out to be sufficient. According to Corea in his articles, for one unit of input energy, he receives from 6 to 18 units of energy from the plasma. Unfortunately, such a scheme has a significant drawback: a positive feedback between the input and output energies. Therefore, the Canadian installation is unstable, the generated current and voltage jump in a too wide range of values. And this leads to overvoltage of the equipment and its rapid failure. How to solve this problem, the researcher does not yet know.
And here's what's interesting. It turns out that something similar has long been used in all power plants, though with a completely different purpose. The phenomenon of resonance in an electrical network is well known to all electrical engineers. When it occurs, a huge amount of additional energy is released in the network (energy release can be 5-10 times higher than normal), and many consumers burn out. From their exit from work, the capacitance and inductance of the network change and the resonance disappears. But for devices that have already burned out, this does not make it any easier. To avoid such a turnover, special anti-resonant inserts are installed at the exit from the station. As soon as the network is too close to resonance conditions, the inserts automatically change their capacitance and take the network out of the danger zone. But if we began to specifically maintain resonance in the network with a corresponding decrease in the current strength at the output of the station, then the fuel consumption by the stations would drop tenfold. And the cost of produced energy would fall by the same amount.
There is also evidence that resonance makes it possible to achieve a multiple reduction in energy consumption during the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. If electrolysis is carried out with a current with a frequency equal to the frequency of natural oscillations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule, then the energy costs for decomposition fall tenfold. But during the subsequent combustion of these gases, one in the other, the same energy will be released as before. By decomposing the re-obtained water with a current of resonant frequency and again burning the resulting gases, it is possible to achieve that, with a sufficiently small amount of electricity from the socket or from batteries, we will receive huge amounts of heat. Unfortunately I didn't find enough detailed information on this topic, so I can’t say anything more specific.

The vast majority of people know that our Earth has its own a magnetic field, but far fewer of those who know about it electric field and, moreover, the potential of this field quite significant.

Experimental studies and corresponding calculations have shown (1) that the Earth as a whole has a negative charge, the average value of which is estimated at 500,000 C. This negative charge is compensated by a volumetric positive charge located in a layer of ionized molecules at a height of several tens of kilometers above the Earth. The intensity of this field is distributed very unevenly along the height: it is maximum at the Earth's surface and is approximately 150 V/m. With height, it decreases approximately according to the exponential law and at a height of 10 km is about 3% of the value at the Earth's surface. Thus, almost the entire electric field is concentrated in the lower layer of the atmosphere, near the Earth's surface (for example, at a height of 10 m, the potential of this field is ~ 1 kV) and therefore it seems very interesting to use its energy.

To do this, we can take a conductor of the first kind (conductors of the first kind are characterized by the fact that in them electricity, created by the ordered movement of free electrons, does not cause chemical actions and these include all metals and graphite), build a payload into it, ground one end, and raise the other above the Earth level.

In my opinion, the proposed device can be widely used as a main or backup (emergency) source of electricity in industrial areas and individual housing sector, especially in non-electrified areas, as well as in country conditions, in nomadic life, in temporary camps, expeditions, disaster areas, etc.

Therefore, the sales market in Russia alone can amount to millions of pieces, since in our country 10 million people still live in non-electrified areas, 6 million rural population lives in conditions of frequent emergency and restrictive shutdowns, and tens of millions of residents have dachas or country houses. Moreover, an era of stability has now begun in Russia, when prices for electricity, heating, the appetites of state companies and government officials, etc., are steadily rising.

Also, the production of these devices has a very good export prospect, especially to countries where the cost of electricity is currently significantly higher than in Russia, and which will only increase in the future due to the rejection of nuclear power(Germany, etc.), or to countries where energy-intensive industries are at a disadvantage in terms of competition (for example, China).

In conclusion, I would like to say that although, apparently, there are no fundamental obstacles to the implementation of the idea of ​​this device, since it works on well-studied and experimentally confirmed physical phenomena(without involving hypothetical vacuum energy, energy from other dimensions, etc.), the creation of a reliable working device will be a difficult engineering task.

To do this, it will be necessary to work out the excess charge removal modes on the sample, since this process is complex and includes still insufficiently clear points (the effect of electrification, the actual location and density distribution of excess charge electrons in the surface layer, etc.). It is possible that as a result of this experimental development, a number of negative or positive points will be revealed.

However, the successful solution of this problem will allow to achieve tremendous commercial success.

Thank you very much for your contribution to the development domestic science and technology!

Many people are trying to implement the idea embodied in the device described below. Its essence is as follows: there is a permanent magnet (PM) - a hypothetical energy source, an output coil (collector) and a modulator that changes the distribution of the PM magnetic field, thereby creating an alternating magnetic flux in the coil.
Implementation (18.08.2004)
To implement this project (let's call it TEG, as a derivative of two designs: Floyd Sweet's VTA and Tom Bearden's MEG 🙂), I took two ferrite ring cores of the M2000NM brand with dimensions of O40xO25x11 mm, put them together, fastened with electrical tape, and wound the collector (output) winding along the perimeter of the core - 105 turns with PEV-1 wire in 6 layers, also securing each layer with electrical tape.

Next, we wrap it again with electrical tape and wind the modulator coil (input) on top. We wind it as usual - toroidal. I wound 400 turns in two PEV-0.3 wires, i.e. it turned out two windings of 400 turns. This was done in order to expand the variants of the experiment.

Now we place this whole system between two magnets. In my case, these were barium oxide magnets, material grade M22RA220-1, magnetized in a magnetic field with a strength of at least 640,000 A / m,
dimensions 80x60x16 mm. The magnets were taken from a magnetic-discharge diode pump NMD 0.16-1 or the like. The magnets are oriented "at attraction" and their magnetic lines penetrate the ferrite rings along the axis.

TEG assembly (diagram).

The work of the TEG is as follows. Initially, the magnetic field strength inside the collector coil is higher than outside due to the presence of ferrite inside. If you saturate the core, then it
the magnetic permeability will decrease sharply, which will lead to a decrease in the tension inside the collector coil. Those. we need to create such a current in the modulating coil in order to saturate the core. By the time the core is saturated, the voltage across the collector coil will increase. When the voltage is removed from the control coil, the field strength will increase again, which will lead to a reverse polarity surge at the output. The idea in the stated form was born somewhere in the middle of February 2004.

In principle, one modulator coil is sufficient. Control block
assembled according to the classical scheme on TL494. Upper scheme variable
the resistor changes the duty cycle of the pulses from 0 to about 45% on each
channel, lower - sets the frequency in the range from about 150 Hz to 20
kHz. When using one channel, the frequency, respectively,
is reduced by half. The circuit also provides for current protection through
modulator at about 5A.

TEG assembled (appearance).

TEG parameters (measured with multimeter MY-81):
winding resistance:
collector - 0.5 Ohm
modulators - 11.3 ohms and 11.4 ohms

collector - 1.16 mH
modulators - 628 mH and 627 mH

collector - 1.15 mH
modulators - 375 mH and 374 mH
Experiment No. 1 (19.08.2004)
The modulator coils are connected in series, so it looks like a bifilar. One generator channel was used. The inductance of the modulator is 1.52 H, the resistance is 22.7 ohms. Control box power
here and below 15 V, the oscillograms were taken with a two-beam oscilloscope C1-55. The first channel (lower beam) is connected through a 1:20 divider (Cin 17 pF, Rin 1 MΩ), the second channel (upper beam) is connected directly (Cin 40 pF, Rin 1 MΩ). There is no load in the collector circuit.
The first thing that was noticed was that after removing the pulse from the control coil, resonant oscillations arise in it, and if the next pulse is applied at the moment of antiphase to the resonant surge,
then at this moment there is a pulse at the output of the collector. Also, this phenomenon was noticed without magnets, but to a much lesser extent. That is, let's say, in this case, the steepness of the potential change on the winding is important. The pulse amplitude at the output could reach 20 V. However, the current of such surges is very small, and it is difficult to charge a 100 μF capacitance connected to the output through a rectifier bridge. The output does not pull any other load. At a high frequency of the generator, when the modulator current is extremely small, and the shape of the voltage pulses on it remains rectangular, there are also surges at the output, although the magnetic circuit is still very far from saturation.

Conclusions:
So far, nothing significant has happened. Let's just take a look at some of the effects. 🙂
Here, I think it would be fair to note that there is at least one other person - a certain Sergey A, who is experimenting with the same system. I swear, we came up with this idea completely independently :). How far his research went, I do not know, I did not contact him. But he also noted similar effects.
Experiment No. 2 (19.08.2004)
The modulator coils are disconnected and connected to two channels of the generator, and are connected in opposite directions, i.e. alternately creates a magnetic flux in the ring in different directions. Coil inductances are given above in TEG parameters. The measurements were carried out as in the previous experiment. There is no load on the collector.
The oscillograms below show the voltage on one of the modulator windings and the current through the modulator (left) and also the voltage on the modulator winding and the voltage at the collector output (right) at
different pulse durations. I will not indicate the amplitudes and temporal characteristics for now, firstly, I did not save them all, and secondly, this is not important yet, while we try to qualitatively track the behavior of the system.

The duty cycle of the pulses on the channel is about 11%, i.e. general - 22%.

The pulse duty cycle on the channel is 17.5%, the total is 35%.

Removed one magnet.

Removed both magnets.

When removing one magnet, the output amplitude decreased by almost 2 times. We also note that the frequency of oscillations has decreased, since the inductance of the modulators has increased. When removing the second magnet,
there is no output signal.
Conclusions:
It seems that the idea, in the form in which it was laid down, is working.
Experiment No. 3 (19.08.2004)
The modulator coils are again connected in series, as in the 1st experiment. A back-to-back serial connection has absolutely no effect. I did not expect anything else :). Connected properly. The work is checked both in idle mode and with load. The oscillograms below show the modulator current (upper beam) and the output voltage (lower beam) at various pulse durations on the modulator. Here and below, I decided to be tied to the current of the modulators,
as to the most suitable as a reference signal. The oscillograms were taken relative to the common wire. The first 3 figures are in idle mode, the last one is with load.

Figures from left to right and from top to bottom: 1) short pulse duration, 2) increase in duration with approach to the saturation region, 3) optimal duration, full saturation and maximum output
voltage (at no load), 4) last operating mode, but with connected load.
The load was an incandescent lamp 6.3 V, 0.22 A. Of course, this cannot be called a glow ... 🙂

Power measurements in the load were not carried out, something else is interesting:

Conclusions:
I don't know what to think… Consumption decreased by 0.3%. The generator itself without TEG consumes 18.5 mA. Perhaps the load indirectly through a change in the distribution of the magnetic field affected the inductance
modulators. Although, if we compare the waveforms of the current through the modulator in idle mode and with a load (for example, when scrolling back and forth in ACDSee), then we can notice a slight blockage of the peak top when working with
load. An increase in the inductance would lead to a decrease in the peak width. Although all this is very illusory ...
Experiment No. 4 (20.08.2004)
The goal is set: to get the maximum output on what is. In the last experiment, I ran into the frequency limit at which the optimal pulse duration was provided at the maximum possible pulse filling level of ~ 45% (duty cycle is minimal). So it was necessary to reduce the inductance of the modulator winding (previously two were connected in series), but in this case
you have to increase the current. So now the modulator coils are connected separately to both outputs of the generator, as in the 2nd experiment, however this time they are connected in one direction (as indicated in
generator circuit diagram). At the same time, the oscillograms changed (they were taken relative to the common wire). They look much nicer :). In addition, we now have two windings that work alternately. So for the same maximum pulse duration, we can double the frequency (for this circuit).
A certain mode of operation of the generator is selected according to the maximum brightness of the lamp at the output. So, as usual, let's move on to the drawings ...

The upper beam is the modulator current. The bottom left is the voltage on one of the modulators, on the right is the control pulse of the same channel from the TL494 output.

Here, on the left, we clearly see an increase in the voltage on the modulator winding during the operation of the second one (the second half-cycle, logical "0" on the right waveform). Emissions when the modulator is turned off at 60 volts are limited by diodes that are part of the field switches.

The upper beam is the modulator current. Bottom left - output voltage with load, right - output voltage at idle.

The load is the same lamp 6.3 V, 0.22 A. And the picture with consumption is repeated again ...

Again we have a decrease in consumption with a load connected to the collector. The measurements are of course at the threshold of the accuracy of the device, but, nevertheless, the repeatability is 100%. The power in the load was about 156
mW. At the input - 9.15 watts. And so far no one has talked about the “perpetual motion machine” 🙂
Here you can admire the burning light bulb:

Conclusions:
The effect is obvious. What we can get from this - time will tell. What should you pay attention to? First, increase the number of turns of the collector, perhaps by adding a couple more rings, but it would be better to choose
optimal dimensions of the magnetic core. Who would do the math? 😉 Perhaps it makes sense to increase the magnetic permeability of the magnetic circuit. This should increase the difference in magnetic field strengths inside and outside the coil. At the same time, the inductance of the modulator would be reduced. It was also thought that gaps were needed between the ring and the magnet, so that, let's say, there was room for bending magnetic lines when changing the properties of the medium - magnetic permeability. However, in practice, this only leads to a voltage drop at the output. At the moment, the gaps are determined by 3 layers of electrical tape and the thickness of the modulator winding, by eye this is a maximum of 1.5 mm on each side.
Experiment No. 4.1 (08/21/2004)
The previous experiments were carried out at work. Brought the control unit and "transformer" home. I had the same set of magnets lying around at home for a long time. Collected. I was surprised to find that I can raise the frequency even more. Apparently my "home" magnets were a little stronger, as a result of which the inductance of the modulators decreased. The radiators were already getting hotter, but the current consumption of the circuit was 0.56 A and 0.55 A without load and with load, respectively, with the same 15 V power supply. There may have been a through current through the keys. In this scheme, at high frequency, this is not excluded. I connected a 2.5 V, 0.3A halogen bulb to the output. The load received 1.3 V, 200 mA. Total input 8.25 W, output 0.26 W - efficiency 3.15%. But note, again without the expected traditional influence on the source!
Experiment No. 5 (08/26/2004)
A new transducer (version 1.2) was assembled on a ring with a higher permeability — М10000НМ, the dimensions are the same: O40xO25x11 mm. Unfortunately, there was only one ring. To fit more turns on the collector winding, the wire is taken thinner. Total: a collector of 160 turns with a wire O 0.3 and also two modulators of 235 turns each, also with a wire O 0.3. And a new power supply was also found up to 100 V and a current of up to 1.2 A. The supply voltage can also play a role, since it provides the rate of current rise through the modulator, and that, in turn, the rate of change of the magnetic flux, which is directly related with the amplitude of the output voltage.
So far there is nothing to measure the inductance and capture pictures. Therefore, without frills, I will state the bare figures. Several measurements were made at different supply voltages and generator operating modes. Below are some of them.
without reaching full saturation

Input: 20V x 0.3A = 6W
Efficiency: 3.6%

Input: 10V x 0.6A = 6W
Output: 9V x 24mA = 0.216W
Efficiency: 3.6% Input: 15V x 0.5A = 7.5W
Output: 11V x 29mA = 0.32W
Efficiency: 4.2%
with full saturation

Input: 15V x 1.2A = 18W
Output: 16V x 35mA = 0.56W
Efficiency: 3.1%
Conclusions:
It turned out that in the full saturation mode, there is a decrease in efficiency, since the modulator current increases sharply. The optimal operating mode (in terms of efficiency) was achieved at a supply voltage of 15 V. No load effect on the power supply was found. For the 3rd example given with an efficiency of 4.2, the circuit current with the load connected should increase by about 20 mA, but the increase was also not recorded.
Experiment No. 6 (2.09.2004)
Some of the modulator turns have been removed in order to increase the frequency and reduce the gaps between the ring and the magnet. Now we have two modulator windings of 118 turns wound in one layer. The collector is left unchanged - 160 turns. In addition, the electrical characteristics of the new converter were measured.

TEG parameters (version 1.21), measured with multimeter MY-81:
winding resistance:
collector - 8.9 Ohm
modulators - 1.5 Ohm each
winding inductance without magnets:
collector - 3.37 mH
modulators - 133.4 mH each
serially connected modulators - 514 mH
winding inductance with installed magnets:
collector - 3.36 mH
modulators - 89.3 mH each
serially connected modulators - 357 mH
Below I present the results of two measurements of the TEG operation in different modes. With a higher supply voltage, the modulation frequency is higher. In both cases, the modulators are connected in series.

Input: 15V x 0.55A = 8.25W
Output: 1.88V x 123mA = 0.231W
Efficiency: 2.8%

Input: 19.4V x 0.81A = 15.714W
Output: 3.35V x 176mA = 0.59W
Efficiency: 3.75%
Conclusions:
The first and the saddest. After making changes to the modulator, an increase in consumption was recorded when working with a new converter. In the second case, the consumption increased by about 30 mA. Those. without load, the consumption was 0.78 A, with a load - 0.81 A. We multiply by the supply 19.4 V and we get 0.582 W - the same power that was removed from the output. However, I will repeat with all responsibility that this has not been observed before. When the load is connected, in this case, a steeper increase in the current through the modulator is clearly seen, which is a consequence of a decrease in the modulator inductance. What this is connected with is not yet known.
And another fly in the ointment. I am afraid that in this configuration it will not be possible to obtain an efficiency of more than 5% due to the weak overlap of the magnetic field. In other words, by saturating the core, we weaken the field inside the collector coil only in the area where this very core passes. But the magnetic lines coming from the center of the magnet through the center of the coil do not overlap. Moreover, part of the magnetic lines "displaced" from the core when it is saturated also bypasses the latter from the inside of the ring. Those. in this way, only a small part of the PM magnetic flux is modulated. It is necessary to change the geometry of the entire system. Perhaps we should expect some increase in efficiency, using ring magnets from the speakers. The idea of ​​modulators operating in resonance mode does not let go either. However, under conditions of core saturation and, accordingly, constantly changing inductance of modulators, this is not easy to do.
Research continues...
If you want to discuss, go to the "passionate forum" - my nickname Armer.
Or write to [email protected], but I think it's better in the forum.

x x x
Dragons' Lord: First, many thanks to Armer for providing a report on the experiments with great illustrations. I think that soon we will see new works by Vladislav. In the meantime, I will express my thoughts on this project and its possible way improvements. I propose to change the generator circuit as follows:

Instead of flat external magnets (plates), it is proposed to use ring magnets. Moreover, the inner diameter of the magnet should be approximately equal to the same diameter of the magnetic circuit ring, and the outer diameter of the magnet is greater than the outer diameter of the magnetic circuit ring.
What is the problem with low efficiency? The problem is that the magnetic lines forced out of the magnetic circuit still cross the area of ​​the turns of the secondary winding (they are squeezed out and concentrated in the central region). The specified ratio of the rings creates asymmetry and forces most of the magnetic lines, with the central magnetic circuit saturated to the limit, to go around it in the OUTER space. In the inner region, there will be fewer magnetic lines than in the base case. In fact, this "disease" cannot be completely cured by still using the rings. How to increase the overall efficiency is described below.
It is also proposed to use an additional external magnetic circuit, which concentrates the power
lines in the working area of ​​the device, making it more powerful (here it is important not to overdo it, because we use the idea of ​​​​fully saturating the central core). Structurally, the external magnetic circuit is a turned ferromagnetic parts of axisymmetric geometry (something like a pipe with flanges). You can see the horizontal line of the connector of the upper and lower "cups" in the picture. Or, it can be discrete independent magnetic circuits (brackets).
Further, it is worth thinking about improving the process from an “electrical” point of view. Clearly, the first thing to do is to swing the primary circuit into resonance. After all, we have no harmful feedback from the secondary circuit. It is proposed to use the CURRENT resonance for obvious reasons (after all, the goal is to saturate the core). The second remark, perhaps, is not so obvious at first glance. It is proposed to use not the standard solenoid winding of the coil as the secondary winding, but to make several flat bifilar Tesla coils and place them on the outer diameter of the magnetic circuit in a “puff pastry”, connecting them in series. In order to generally remove the existing minimal interaction with each other in the axial direction of adjacent bifilar coils, you need to connect them also THROUGH ONE, returning from the last to the second (reusing the meaning of the bifilar).
Thus, due to the maximum potential difference in two adjacent turns, the stored energy of the secondary circuit will be the maximum possible, which is an order of magnitude greater than the variant with a conventional solenoid.
As can be seen from the diagram, in view of the fact that the “pie” of bifilars has a fairly decent length in
horizontal direction - it is proposed to wind the primary not on top of the secondary, but under it. Directly to the magnetic circuit.
As I said, using rings, it is impossible to overcome a certain efficiency limit. And I assure you that there is no smell of super-unity there. The magnetic lines forced out of the central magnetic circuit will
bend around it along the surface itself (along the shortest way), thus, still crossing the area,
limited by turns of the secondary. Design analysis forces us to abandon the current circuitry. You need a central magnetic circuit WITHOUT a hole. Let's take a look at the following diagram:

The main magnetic circuit is assembled from separate plates or rods of rectangular section, and
is a parallelepiped. The primary is placed directly on it. Its axis is horizontal
and looks at us according to the scheme. Secondary, still a "puff pastry" of Tesla bifilars. Now
note that we have introduced an additional (secondary) magnetic circuit, which is a "cup" with
holes in their bottoms. The gap between the edge of the hole and the main central magnetic circuit (primary coil) should be minimal in order to effectively intercept the displaced magnetic lines and pull them towards itself, preventing them from passing through the bifilars. Of course, it should be noted that the magnetic permeability of the central magnetic circuit should be an order of magnitude higher than
auxiliary. For example: the central parallelepiped - 10000, "cups" - 1000. In the normal (not saturated) state, the central core, due to its greater magnetic permeability, will draw magnetic lines into itself.
And now the most interesting 😉 . Let's take a closer look - what did we get? ... And we got the most ordinary MEG, only in the "unfinished" version. In other words, I want to say that the classic
the execution of the MEG v.4.0 generator is a couple of times ahead of our best scheme, in view of its ability to redistribute magnetic lines (swinging “swings”) to remove useful energy throughout the entire cycle of its operation.
Moreover, from both arms of the magnetic circuit. In our case, we have a one-arm design. We simply do not use half of the possible efficiency.
I express the hope that Vladislav will conduct experiments on MEG v.4.0 in the very near future,
moreover, that such a machine (performed by v.3.0) he already has;). And of course, you must
use the resonance of the current on the primary control coils, installed not directly on the shoulders of the magnetic circuit, but on ferrite inserts-plates, perpendicular to that (into the gap of the magnetic circuit). The report, upon receipt to me, I will immediately make up and provide to our readers.

"Novosibirsk TEG Generator"

To solve the problem of the limited fossil fuels, researchers around the world are working to create and put into operation alternative energy sources. And we are talking not only about well-known windmills and solar panels. Gas and oil can be replaced by energy from algae, volcanoes and human steps. Recycle has selected ten of the most exciting and clean energy sources of the future.

Joules from turnstiles

Thousands of people every day pass through the turnstiles at the entrance to railway stations. Immediately in several research centers around the world, the idea came up to use the flow of people as an innovative energy generator. The Japanese company East Japan Railway Company decided to equip each turnstile at railway stations with generators. The installation works at a train station in Tokyo's Shibuya district: piezoelectric elements are embedded in the floor under the turnstiles, which generate electricity from the pressure and vibration they receive when people step on them.

Another "energy turnstile" technology is already in use in China and the Netherlands. In these countries, engineers decided to use not the effect of pressing the piezoelectric elements, but the pushing effect of the turnstile handles or turnstile doors. Concept Dutch company Boon Edam involves replacing the standard shopping center entrance doors (which usually operate on a photocell system and start spinning on their own) with doors that the visitor has to push and thus generate electricity.

In the Dutch center Natuurcafe La Port, such doors-generators have already appeared. Each of them produces about 4,600 kilowatt-hours of energy per year, which at first glance may seem insignificant, but it is a good example of an alternative technology for generating electricity.

Algae heat houses

Algae began to be considered as an alternative energy source relatively recently, but the technology, according to experts, is very promising. Suffice it to say that from 1 hectare of water surface area occupied by algae, 150 thousand cubic meters of biogas can be obtained per year. This is approximately equal to the volume of gas that a small well produces, and enough for the life of a small village.

Green algae are easy to maintain, grow quickly and come in a variety of species that use the energy of sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. All biomass, be it sugars or fats, can be converted into biofuels, most commonly bioethanol and biodiesel. Algae is an ideal eco-fuel because it grows in the aquatic environment and does not require land resources, is highly productive and does not harm the environment.

According to economists, by 2018 the global turnover from the processing of biomass of marine microalgae can reach about $ 100 billion. already exist completed projects on "algae" fuel - for example, a 15-apartment building in Hamburg, Germany. The facades of the house are covered with 129 algae tanks, which serve as the only source of energy for heating and air conditioning of the building, called the Bio Intelligent Quotient (BIQ) House.

Speed ​​bumps light up the streets

The concept of generating electricity using the so-called "speed bumps" began to be implemented first in the UK, then in Bahrain, and soon the technology will reach Russia.It all started when British inventor Peter Hughes created the "Electro-Kinetic Road Ramp" for highways. The ramp consists of two metal plates that rise slightly above the road. An electric generator is laid under the plates, which generates current whenever the car passes through the ramp.

Depending on the weight of the car, the ramp can generate from 5 to 50 kilowatts during the time the car passes the ramp. Such ramps as batteries are able to supply electricity to traffic lights and illuminated road signs. In the UK, the technology is already working in several cities. The method began to spread to other countries - for example, to small Bahrain.

The most surprising thing is that something similar can be seen in Russia. Albert Brand, a student from Tyumen, proposed the same street lighting solution at the VUZPromExpo forum. According to the developer's estimates, from 1,000 to 1,500 cars pass by speed bumps in his city every day. For one “collision” of a car on a “speed bump” equipped with an electric generator, about 20 watts of electricity will be generated that does not harm the environment.

More than just football

Developed by a group of Harvard alumni who founded Uncharted Play, a Soccket ball can generate electricity in half an hour of football, enough to power an LED lamp for several hours. Soccket is called an environmentally friendly alternative to unsafe energy sources, which are often used by residents of underdeveloped countries.

The principle of energy storage in a Soccket is quite simple: the kinetic energy generated from hitting the ball is transferred to a tiny pendulum-like mechanism that drives a generator. The generator produces electricity, which is stored in the battery. The stored energy can be used to power any small electrical appliance, such as a table lamp with an LED.

The output power of the Soccket is six watts. The energy-generating ball has already won worldwide recognition, winning numerous awards, being highly acclaimed by the Clinton Global Initiative, and receiving accolades at the renowned TED conference.

The hidden energy of volcanoes

One of the main developments in the development of volcanic energy belongs to American researchers from the initiating companies AltaRock Energy and Davenport Newberry Holdings. The test subject was a dormant volcano in Oregon. Salt water is pumped deep into the rocks, the temperature of which is very high due to the decay of the radioactive elements in the planet's crust and the Earth's hottest mantle. When heated, water turns into steam, which is fed into a turbine that generates electricity.

On the this moment there are only two small operating power plants of this type - in France and in Germany. If the American technology works, the US Geological Survey estimates that geothermal energy has the potential to provide 50% of the country's electricity needs (today its contribution is only 0.3%).

Another way to use volcanoes to generate energy was proposed in 2009 by Icelandic researchers. Near the volcanic interior they found underground reservoir water with abnormal high temperature. Super-hot water is somewhere on the border between liquid and gas and exists only at a certain temperature and pressure.

Scientists could generate something similar in the laboratory, but it turned out that such water is also found in nature - in the bowels of the earth. It is believed that ten times more energy can be extracted from "critical temperature" water than from water brought to a boil in the classical way.

Energy from human heat

The principle of thermoelectric generators operating on temperature difference has been known for a long time. But only a few years ago, technology began to allow the use of the heat of the human body as an energy source. A group of researchers from the Korean Lead scientific and technical institute(KAIST) has developed an oscillator embedded in a flexible glass plate.

T which gadget will allow fitness bracelets to be recharged from the heat of a human hand - for example, during running, when the body is very hot and contrasts with the temperature environment. A Korean generator measuring 10 by 10 centimeters can produce about 40 milliwatts of energy at a skin temperature of 31 degrees Celsius.

A similar technology was taken as a basis by the young Ann Makosinski, who invented a flashlight that is charged by the temperature difference between the air and the human body. The effect is explained by the use of four Peltier elements: their feature is the ability to generate electricity when heated on one side and cooled on the other side.

As a result, Ann's flashlight produces quite bright light but does not require batteries. For its operation, only a temperature difference of only five degrees between the degree of heating of the human palm and the temperature in the room is necessary.

Steps on "smart" paving slabs

At any point of one of the busy streets, there are up to 50,000 steps per day. The idea of ​​using foot traffic to usefully convert steps into energy was realized in a product developed by Laurence Kemball-Cook, director of Pavegen Systems Ltd. in the UK. An engineer has created paving slabs that generate electricity from the kinetic energy of walking pedestrians.

The device in the innovative tile is made from a flexible, waterproof material that flexes about five millimeters when pressed. This, in turn, creates energy, which the mechanism converts into electricity. The accumulated watts are either stored in a lithium polymer battery or directly used to light bus stops, shop windows and signage.

The Pavegen tile itself is considered completely environmentally friendly: its body is made of special grade stainless steel and low carbon recycled polymer. The top surface is made from used tires, thanks to which the tiles are durable and highly resistant to abrasion.

During the Summer Olympics in London in 2012, tiles were installed on many tourist streets. In two weeks, 20 million joules of energy were obtained. This was more than enough for street lighting in the British capital.

Bicycle charging smartphones

To recharge the player, phone or tablet, it is not necessary to have an outlet at hand. Sometimes just turning the pedals is enough. Thus, the American company Cycle Atom has released a device that allows you to charge an external battery while cycling and subsequently recharge mobile devices.

The product, called the Siva Cycle Atom, is a lightweight lithium battery bike generator designed to power almost any mobile device with a USB port. This mini generator can be installed on most common bike frames in minutes. The battery itself can be easily removed for subsequent recharging of gadgets. The user goes in for sports and pedals - and after a couple of hours his smartphone is already charged by 100 cents.

Nokia, in turn, also introduced to the general public a gadget that attaches to a bicycle and allows you to translate pedaling into a way to obtain environmentally friendly energy. The Nokia Bicycle Charger Kit has a dynamo, a small electrical generator that uses energy from the wheels of a bicycle to charge the phone through the standard 2mm plug found on most Nokia phones.

The Benefits of Wastewater

Any Big City daily dumps a huge amount of wastewater into open water, polluting the ecosystem. It would seem that water poisoned by sewage can no longer be useful to anyone, but this is not so - scientists have discovered a way to create fuel cells based on it.

One of the pioneers of the idea was Pennsylvania State University professor Bruce Logan. The general concept is very difficult for a non-specialist to understand and is built on two pillars - the use of bacterial fuel cells and the installation of the so-called reverse electrodialysis. bacteria oxidize organic matter in wastewater and produce electrons in the process, creating an electrical current.

Almost any type of organic waste material can be used to generate electricity - not only sewage, but also animal waste, as well as by-products from the wine, brewing, and dairy industries. As for reverse electrodialysis, electric generators work here, separated by membranes into cells and extracting energy from the difference in salinity of two mixing liquid streams.

"Paper" energy

Japanese electronics manufacturer Sony has developed and unveiled a bio-generator capable of generating electricity from finely cut paper at the Tokyo Green Food Show. The essence of the process is as follows: corrugated cardboard is needed to isolate cellulose (this is a long chain of glucose sugar found in green plants).

The chain is broken with the help of enzymes, and the resulting glucose is processed by another group of enzymes, with the help of which hydrogen ions are released and free electrons. The electrons are sent through an external circuit to generate electricity. It is estimated that such an installation during the processing of one sheet of paper measuring 210 by 297 mm can generate about 18 watts per hour (about the same amount of energy is generated by 6 AA batteries).

The method is environmentally friendly: an important advantage of such a “battery” is the absence of metals and harmful chemical compounds. Although at the moment the technology is still far from commercialization: electricity is generated quite a bit - it is only enough to power small portable gadgets.