Fairy tales with a moral. Frost's Tale. Russian folktale. From different sides

For half a year I tell my child a fairy tale about the chicken Ryaba for the night, and each time I am tormented by guesses, what is her morality.

Finally, I decided to do a little research on this topic. And here is the result!

Perhaps all these interpretations are not without meaning, but the most plausible decoding (as it seems to me) is offered by E. Nikolaeva in the book "111 tales for child psychologists"(if you don’t have the strength to read in full, pay attention at least to the last 5 paragraphs):

“Once upon a time there were Grandfather and Baba. And they had a Ryaba Hen. The hen laid an egg. Yes, not simple, but golden. Grandfather beat-beat - did not break. Baba beat-beat - did not break. The mouse ran, waved its tail - the testicle fell and broke. Grandfather cries, Baba cries, and the Hen cackles: “Don't cry, Grandfather, don't cry, Baba. I will lay you another testicle - not golden, but simple.

Ask a parent to tell you this story. It is difficult to find a person who does not know her. You can start by asking if the parent has read the story to the child. If you read it, then let it retell. If there is a hitch in the story, you can help. And when the parent tells the whole story, it is worth asking a few questions.

Grandfather and Baba wanted to break an egg?
If they wanted to, then why did they cry?
Why didn't Grandfather and Baba pawn the shells in a pawnshop if they are gold?
What was in the testicle when it broke?
How often did the parent think about the situation when telling the story to the child?
Why does a parent read this particular fairy tale to a child if it is full of contradictions?
What do we expect from reading this tale?

Moral: often, when communicating with a child, we do not think about what we are really doing, and therefore we offer him something that we ourselves do not know the answer to.

Comment: Most parents will report that they never thought about the content of the story. Those who say that they were always embarrassed by its content will add that they never found an explanation for the strange behavior of Grandfather and Baba. Here it is worth paying attention to the fact that, remaining at a loss, we often do not change our behavior, do not trust the child, for example, after consulting with him about the content of the tale. After all, one could simply ask the child about what Grandfather and Baba are doing, why are they crying?

It is quite possible that the psychologist will hear the parent's counter question about how one can consult with a one and a half year old child to whom the parent read a fairy tale? Then one can simply ask, how often does a parent even ask about a child's opinion? And this in itself can be a separate topic for conversation.

However, if the parent remains confused about the previous one (that is, the psychologist clearly grasped the context of the unconscious), then it is better to develop the "fairytale" direction further, and not rise again to the level of consciousness.

It can be said that the parent just retold this tale word for word, because he remembered it not when he read it to the child, but when his parents read it to him, still a child. We store the information received at an early age all our lives and perceive it without criticism, because at this age we have not developed critical thinking. Therefore, when reading a fairy tale as an adult, we continue to relate to it without a shadow of doubt.

But a fairy tale is only a pretext for discussing what a parent does when he or she reads a fairy tale or otherwise interacts with a child. When communicating, the child remembers all the statements of the parents and, just like a fairy tale, treats them uncritically. Therefore, already as an adult, a person sees in the mirror not himself, but the image that he has developed under the influence of the words of people significant to him: “You are such and such or such and such. Nothing will come of you” or “You will grow up, you will work hard and achieve everything you want.” These words and the attitude towards a child under 5 form a scenario that entangles a person with invisible threads and makes adults act not in accordance with the real situation, but in accordance with the ideas about themselves and their destiny that were formed in childhood.

When we read a fairy tale to a child, he reacts not to it, but to our attitude towards it.

A fairy tale told in childhood makes it possible to understand many features of an adult's behavior. In addition, this tale is not everyday, it is not easy to interpret. It differs from others in that it is told to all the children of our culture, because it bears the imprint of this culture.

That version of “Ryaba the Hen”, which the parent will most likely remember, appeared in the 19th century, when the great teacher K. D. Ushinsky for some reason took away the ending from this very ancient fairy tale. And the ending can be found in the three-volume book by A. N. Afanasyev “Russian Folk Tales”. When reading this option, it turns out that after Grandfather and Baba cried, the granddaughters came, found out about the testicle, broke the buckets (they went for water), spilled the water. The mother, having learned about the testicle (and she was kneading the dough), broke the kneader, the father, who at that moment was in the smithy, smashed the smithy, and the priest, passing by, demolished the bell tower. And the peasants, having learned about this event, in different versions of the tale, hanged themselves or drowned themselves.

What kind of event is this, after which there was no stone left unturned?

Most likely, such details will confuse the parent, so it can be continued that K. Jung called the events, actions and heroes participating in them repeated in different parts of the world archetypes - ancient ideas. They are transmitted through fairy tales to people of the same culture. At the moment of extreme stress, a person begins to behave not as characteristic of his personality, but shows behavior common to this people. If we take into account that this fairy tale is not everyday, but carries the features of our culture, then it can be read differently.

Someone gave Grandfather and Baba something that they had never met. An egg as an archetype, which is regularly found both in myths and in fairy tales of all peoples, is a symbol of the birth of something. It is golden, because it does not look like what the Hen was carrying earlier. That is why Grandfather and Baba do not run to the pawnshop to pawn a golden shell, so that later they can buy a mountain of simple eggs. Gold, like the egg itself, is only a symbol here. But the old people are trying to destroy what they have never met before in their lives. But you could wait, put it aside and see who hatches from it. But they do not act like this, but are in a hurry to destroy this new one. And here another archetypal hero appears in the story - the Mouse. We write her name with a capital letter, because this is also not a small rodent, but a symbol. It is not for nothing that in many Russian fairy tales she is a key subject, which solves the problems that have arisen. The mouse as an archetype is God's substitute. And then the one who gave, he takes away what people do not know how to use. And then another archetype appears in the tale.

But it will be better if the psychologist does not simply say what kind of archetype it is, but helps the parent to feel its existence. The psychologist can tell him that he would like to prove the existence of this archetype, and not just report it. After all, it was precisely for its introduction into the unconscious of every child of a given culture that this fairy tale was created, for the sake of it it is passed down from generation to generation.

The psychologist asks the parent to completely trust him for two minutes, close his eyes, listen to his voice and compare what he hears with what is happening at that moment in his soul. If the parent agrees to such an experiment, then the psychologist in a slow, clear voice, befitting suggestion, says: “Imagine that there is Someone about whom you know that any of his words will come true for sure. And now this Someone comes in and says to you: “From now on, nothing new will ever, NEVER happen in your life. Just an eternal repetition of what you have already experienced. Never anything new. The eternal cycle of already accomplished events.

What do you feel? - you ask the parent in a normal voice. Obviously, he will say that either he did not believe you (worst case), or he felt scared, unpleasant, bad (you succeeded). Then you say that right now a person has felt the reality in himself of the most important archetype that all people of the same culture pass on to each other from generation to generation - this is the archetype of the Miracle. We live because we know for sure that if not today, then tomorrow, if not tomorrow, then the day after tomorrow, but a miracle will surely happen to us. Everyone has their own. But for everyone it is extremely attractive.

There is one difference between the Russian archetype of a miracle and a similar archetype of other peoples (and everyone has it, since it is he who allows us to survive when there is simply no hope, when life drives us into a dead end). For many Russian-speakers, this miracle happens for nothing, “for free,” because many of our fairy tales tell how a miracle happens without any effort on our part. And here the psychologist has the opportunity to talk about the fact that a miracle will definitely happen to a child, and to any other person, but not for free, but thanks to joint work. It's a long way to create a miracle, but a very effective one. If it is possible to conduct such a mini-training with the parent, then further cooperation with him is guaranteed.”

From early childhood, we all read a variety of legends, were, fiction, epics. Folk art is an important integral part of our culture. What is the meaning of Russian fairy tales, not everyone thinks, but it is embedded in every work. Often the meaning is deep enough, it is impossible for a child to understand it - but for adults it can be very interesting. Let's try to dive into the world of magical stories and understand what they really tell.

Relevance of the issue

In childhood, almost any person lives in a magical world where miracles and incredible events are possible, inhabited by fantastic beasts and wizards. The meaning of Russian fairy tales was to teach a person from the very early age to distinguish where is good and where is bad, what can be called evil and which should not have a place in our lives. However, as many believe, fairy tales that have come down to our days from ancient times are interpreted incorrectly today. Some are sure that a detailed study of the texts will certainly make it possible to find something new, to discover hitherto unknown and secret information.

In order to find the meaning of folk tales for themselves, many begin to re-read them already in adulthood, when they can analyze the text, having considerable worldly experience behind them. Some admit that in this context, legends and epics are often terrifying, other stories give you goosebumps, and the actions of the characters are such that they can cause nightmares. As many say, cruelty reigns in fairy tales, which is completely inappropriate in raising children. Indeed, some are being eaten, others are being killed, others are being threatened with being baked alive. And Ivan in fairy tales is always a fool, and evil is almost invincible and omnipotent. Yes, but it's not all that obvious.

How it all starts

For the first time, a child encounters fairy tales with meaning at the most tender age - in the first years of life. Traditionally, the first stories told to the child are "Turnip" and "Gingerbread Man". The first is quite easy, there are almost no cruel moments in it, but the legend about Kolobok gives rise to ambiguous sensations in many adults. The tale tells, if we exaggerate the plot, about a traveling bun that everyone strives to eat, and the Fox succeeds in this. But the original version of the tale is somewhat different. In ancient times, our ancestors told their kids a story in the evenings, in which everyone they met plucked a small piece from Kolobok, only a crust reached the Fox, which was eaten by her.

Not everyone knows what this story means, but almost any modern person will agree that the plot is very cruel. As the researchers say, the meaning is not very clear to us, because the analogies with which the characters were associated have sunk into oblivion. Both the turnip and the bun in legends are symbols of the moon. The gingerbread man, from which they pinched off a piece over and over again, showed how the Moon is decreasing - after all, it also disappears completely, like the protagonist after meeting Lisa.

On the other side

The legend about the turnip is no less interesting and symbolic. In the old days, this plant was associated with the moon, and the tale itself told about the movement of a celestial body and its transformations during lunar month. All the heroes help to pull the turnip out of the ground, and it moves slowly and very little by little - just like heavenly body. We can safely say that the story about the turnip, as well as the story about the journey of Kolobok, are astrological tales with meaning. They were invented in ancient times to make it easier to explain to a child why and how the moon moves across the sky. Explanation for modern man not the most obvious and understandable, but in many ways this can be associated with a change in the logical chains that people form when reasoning - apparently, in ancient times they were somewhat different.

No less interesting is the tale that tells about the hare hut - it is also considered astrological. The roots of the story about the Golden Comb are similar. The rooster was the symbol of the sun. According to the plot, the fox comes to the window to call the sun. Researchers of folk art say that for various creations of that period, an abundance of calls to the sun is generally characteristic - people's lives depended on it in many respects. The fox grabs the rooster and takes it to distant lands. If we analyze the text from the point of view of modern educated person, it seems that the path that the heroes are doing is too far, completely unjustified. It reflects the journey of the luminary across the sky. The fox symbolizes the night, stealing the source of light, and the cat reflects the morning, with which the warmth returns.

But the legend about the hut of a hare, according to scientists who have studied folk art, was created to convey to children how the seasons change. The fox symbolizes winter, while the hare is a summer image. The rooster-sun helps the hare to triumph over the winter-fox, because the sun is stronger than the cold.

Yesterday Today Tomorrow

As experts say, in order to understand and perceive the meaning of Russian folk tales, you need to be able to abstract yourself from the world we are used to. It is easier to understand what the legends are about if you can look at the structure of the planet from the point of view of a person who lived in the old days - after all, it was then that fairy tales appeared that captured the features of everyday life. They were created to make it easier to explain to children how to interpret what is happening around. Some believe that in recent centuries, folk art has been deliberately distorted, so it is very difficult to correctly perceive well-known works.

Even one fairy tale was sometimes enough to convey to the child how the world around works. The stories were meant to simplify explanation and learning. If we draw parallels with contemporary view, we can say that fairy tales are such archived data packets, the passwords for which are known only to a select few. The importance of legends cannot be underestimated, since these epics transmit images from generation to generation. According to many linguists, the Russian language is very, very figurative, not just a set of letters and their combinations. Originally, the language was formed as a system of images, the interpretation of which depended on the context. This is very clearly seen in fairy tales: there are a lot of options for assessing the meaning of one legend.

How about an example?

Let us turn to the tale about the turnip already mentioned above. In addition to the described version, there is another meaning of this legend, and it is completely different from the one given earlier. As you can see from some sources, there were more characters in this story before: the father and mother were also present. Presumably, they disappeared because the world began to be perceived according to the septenary system, although earlier the base number for the Slavs was nine. The hidden meaning of the fairy tale, as some modern researchers say, is to demonstrate to the child the relationship between generations. The legend about the turnip makes it possible to understand how life forms, time and variants of existence interact with each other. Each of the participants is an image loaded with meaning. The grandfather symbolizes the wisdom of centuries, and his wife symbolizes housekeeping and household rituals. A father is a symbol of protection, and his wife is a symbol of love. The girl shows the importance and inalienability of children in a person's life, and the dog is a symbol of prosperity, because they only bring her in if there is something to protect. The cat reflects a good internal environment and harmony, and the mouse - family well-being. As you know, since ancient times they say that mice are not found where there is nothing to eat.

And not only!

Another interpretation of the legend about the turnip is astral. What meaning of the tale is meant, many researchers of ideas about the supernatural can tell. Presumably, the legend reflected how the soul goes to new level development. A turnip leaving the ground is a person breaking out of the previous situation. The combination of characters is a set of conditions, the fulfillment of which guarantees the success of evolution. It is assumed that the legend tells how you can complete the planetary evolutionary stage, move on to the galactic one. For this, according to the interpreters, it is necessary to develop six essences indicated in the legend.

With this version of the evaluation of the meaning, the acting heroes are the bodies of one being, which in fact is an aggregate object of something real and spiritual. The number of souls depends on the level of evolution at which a person has stopped. There are similar theories regarding matryoshkas, where is the inner one. The smallest is the same turnip that symbolizes physical entity person. The essences seem to be stacked into one another and do not intersect, as they were formed by different mothers. If you manage to develop them, you can step forward in evolutionary terms.

Fairy tales: for what and about what?

Surely many who read the legends of the Slavs and other peoples noticed one significant difference. If in foreign fairy tales the hero usually goes on a journey with the specific goal of finding a profession or discovering a great treasure, Slavic characters often go in search of something unknown, someone strange; in fact, the main impulse that moves the character is the desire for self-knowledge. On his way, he often deviates from the main straight line, helping others. Good nature, compassion to the detriment of striving for a certain goal is a cultural national attitude that determines the context of legends.

According to researchers, the main meaning of fairy tales is to explain to a person that the survival of a person cannot be called a priority, the most important thing is the life of society, the clan. It is for this reason that the hero on his way seeks to help everyone and everyone. By the way, not just like that: later these characters come to his rescue. Legends tell that success can only be achieved if people are ready to unite.

About whom and for whom?

To understand the meaning of a fairy tale, you need to be able to correctly interpret the hero. Often in the legends the main character is called a fool, but this word is not chosen at all to denote the mental qualities of a person. The word has long become a household word, folk. In general, it can be considered equal to the often used other name for the protagonist - a man. Distinctive features of those who are called fools in fairy tales are the tendency to take risks, due to an insufficiently attentive attitude towards oneself. Tales often tell about how brothers go to the rescue of others, at a crossroads they are forced to choose something, and smart people prefer to go where they can find something for themselves, but their fate often ends badly in the end. The fool, however, does not consider himself smarter than the others, does not claim a better share, so at a crossroads he can choose the worst option - and turn out to be the winner in the story.

If we turn to the meaning of the fairy tales "The Frog Princess" and others that tell about the adventures of the common collective Ivan, you can see that almost always the hero on the way happens to meet someone wise and old, whose advice the character heeds. This is also an important meaning of the story as a whole - it is designed to teach the younger generation to listen to the elders. But the heroes, confident that they themselves know everything, can die without heeding the prompt of the wise. Knowledge, power are different qualities, and in the legends, attention is focused on this. The wisdom accumulated in the princess, the old man, and other characters is often distinguished by inaction, but is readily given to a fool. But what initially seemed like the mind, in the course of the plot turns into true stupidity.

Strong, brave, cunning

To understand the meaning of fairy tales correctly, you need to be able to interpret the features of the characters. For example, the heroes, about whom legends so often tell, in fact, all are typical fools, because they are simple-minded, because there is no and cannot be cunning in strength. The classic plot tells how the hero defeats the enemy, and the cunning enemy appropriates all the merit. In the legends of the Slavs, strength and cunning cannot go the same way, and exploits are available only to those who are not cunning. Therefore, the fool is lucky that he does not differ in such a character and propensity to deceive.

Quite curious are the calculations of people who study the meaning of fairy tales regarding the typical image of the king. In most legends, such a one is either sick, or old, or has some other shortcomings. It is assumed that the image is aimed at increasing the understanding of the importance of independent behavior. The one who can make his own decisions is considered good, but the king, who is dependent on others, is the object of constant deception. Being stupid, he is like a capricious child who constantly does wrong things. A fool who is tested by such a king successfully withstands all tests, because he is hardened by difficulties, but the tester himself is not ready for this - and suffers through his own fault. Admittedly, they do not like infantile characters in Slavic legends - they are not good.

The story of the chicken

One of the most beloved children's tales tells about the hen that laid the golden egg. As researchers of folklore say, we can safely say that this is a fairy tale for all fairy tales, which was invented in ancient times. The story is very short and simple, yet it lives in people's memory and is passed down between generations. This is due to the images encrypted in it. How can you find out by contacting research work dedicated to the search for the meaning of the fairy tale "Ryaba Hen", an egg laid by a bird is a gift of higher powers to man, our life. The hen symbolizes these same forces that give a person the opportunity to live, and they give it to everyone only once. The one who succumbs to the evil will not be able to save his life and correct it - you need to be able to take care of what you got. Parents, telling the story to their children, thereby allow them to understand through images that there is nothing more valuable than life, and it must be protected by all means.

In many ways, understanding the meaning of the fairy tale about the chicken comes if you remember that the characters are trying to break the testicle, but only now they fail - until the mouse runs past. Only a wave of the tail - and everything crumbled to dust. Such is our life - there are external forces seeking to harm, and people initially do not take care of what they have. Time after time, grandma and grandpa fail to break a testicle, and finally a third source of strength is found to complete what they started.

For children and not only

The deep meaning of the fairy tale about the chicken, according to some, is not even for children at all, and they cannot even understand it. The main characters of the story are a prototype of a person who is trying to destroy himself with his own forces. Some underestimate themselves, scold for no reason. Spoons with which they try to break an egg are anxieties and problems, insecurity and irritability that disturb a person. Such negative feelings sooner or later arise in the life of any person. At the same time, the egg, as a gift of life, symbolizes the need to be able to enjoy what is and strive to do good. All negative emotions are the food of the very mouse, whose tail will be fatal to the egg.

To understand the meaning of the fairy tale, it is worth taking a closer look at the image of the mouse. This animal lives underground, in the dark, where the negative force nests. It is she who destroys human life if a person ceases to appreciate it. One has only to think that it is possible to break an egg, and this same mouse immediately comes. She easily does what people could not, and now the characters are crying. In the context of this tale, the event means that a person saves his life, but there is no more light and happiness in it, it becomes ordinary.

From different sides

The meaning of the name of the tale is also curious, immediately making it clear who exactly is the central object of the tale. As interpreters say, the chicken symbolizes higher powers, the creator and creator, the supreme deity. She gives everyone as much as they need. A person may not cope with what is given to him, and he has to live habitually, like everyone else, while others even feel empty. To prevent this from happening, you need to appreciate and protect the golden egg.

And geese and swans

No less curious is the meaning of the fairy tale "Geese-Swans". The legend tells of a girl who did not see her brother stolen by birds. The plot of events is the need to return under the wing of the parents. The fairy tale was invented to explain to children the importance of obedience, compliance with the prohibitions established by elders. Researchers of former times know that the Slavs believed in the existence of a physical and spiritual world. In ancient times, they honored their ancestors, believed in the sacred world order and the need to overcome trials before entering adult independent life. It is them that the plot of this legend shows, which is why it is the geese-swans that carry the child away - white birds, symbolizing a new start in life and insight. These birds are, as it were, on the border between life and death - this is how it was seen in antiquity. The swan, as can be learned from sources that have survived to this day, was perceived by the Slavs as a symbol of flowing water.

The main meaning of Andersen's fairy tale is that one must steadfastly and patiently endure difficulties and hardships. The unfortunate duckling (who was in fact a swan) had to endure a series of cruel trials at the very beginning of his life. He was teased and poisoned by rude relatives. His own duck mother turned away from him, afraid of public opinion. Then, when he escaped from the poultry yard and made friends with wild geese, these hunters, and the duckling himself, were saved only by a miracle. After this, the unfortunate duckling was picked up by an old woman and brought to her house. But its inhabitants - a cat and a chicken - laughed at the new tenant and unceremoniously taught "mind-mind". The duckling had to leave the old woman's house, he spent the winter in the reeds by the lake, where next spring he met beautiful swans. And the story ended with a happy ending.

The moral of this tale is that life can present many difficult trials, but we must not lose heart and not give up. After all, it was very difficult for the swan duckling, but he endured everything and eventually became happy.

In the same way, a person who does not bow to fate can ultimately triumph in victory.

Because of what the troubles of the duckling began in general

The moral of the tale is also that one should not be afraid to be different from others. The duckling was different in appearance from other ducklings. That is, he was not like everyone else. And so he was teased and poisoned by ducks. Why was he scolded and unceremoniously lectured by a cat and a chicken? Because he wasn't acting right. That is, again was not like everyone else! The duckling had a choice: either accept the fact that one cannot be different from others. appearance, neither behavior, nor habits, or behave in accordance with the principle: “Yes, I am different, but I have the right to be!” And he made this choice, not being afraid that he would incur misunderstanding, scolding and even persecution.

A person should also defend the right to be himself, even if for this it is necessary to go against public opinion.

Some connoisseurs of Andersen's work believe that the author of the fairy tale portrayed himself in the image of the ugly duckling. After all, Andersen also had to endure a lot of ridicule, misunderstanding and unceremonious teachings from the people around him before he became a famous writer, and his appearance was very different from that of the “average” Dane. Never give up, fight for your happiness, regardless of all obstacles.

All adults read fairy tales to their children. And it's very correct solution, since it is with the help of fairy tales that it is easiest to explain to a child what is good, what is bad. Classic children's stories are often funny and instructive, with many colorful illustrations, and can be purchased at any bookstore.

It is not surprising that adults also like fairy tales, and they enjoy spending time reading a book, plunging headlong into the world of fairy tales. Below are the most popular classic fairy tales that each of us must have read in childhood:

1. "Ugly duckling"

The Ugly Duckling is a fairy tale written by the Danish prose writer and poet, author of world famous fairy tales for children and adults, Hans Christian Anderson (1805-1875). The fairy tale tells about a little duckling, which is constantly offended by other inhabitants of the poultry yard. But this does not last long, because over time the little duckling turns into a beautiful white swan - the most beautiful bird of all. This tale is liked by both adults and children, because it shows personal growth, transformation, change into a beautiful, more better side.

The tale, along with three of Anderson's other works, was first published on November 11, 1843 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was very critically received by the public. However, the fairy tale was immediately included in the repertoire of the opera house, a musical was staged based on the fairy tale, and an animated film was also shot. This work does not belong to folklore or folk tales, as it was invented by Hans Christian Anderson.

This is one of those fairy tales, after reading which, we understand that we are not what we seem at first glance. We are all different, we are all different from each other, but it is one thing to know that you are not like the others, and another thing to be surprised at your own, unexpected, beautiful reincarnation. Each of us must learn to forgive ourselves past mistakes, learn to change for the better and strive for self-development and self-knowledge.

2. "The Boy Who Shouted 'Wolf'"

The entertainment for the boy, the main character of this tale, was to lie to the people from his village about the wolf, who supposedly was going to eat the flock of sheep that the boy was tending. He shouted "Wolf!", but in fact there was no wolf when people from the village came to help. The boy was amused by this situation and he laughed at those who came to his aid. It so happened that once a wolf did come to profit from a flock of sheep. When the boy began to call for help, no one from the village paid attention to this, as everyone decided that the boy was lying again. Ultimately, he lost all his sheep. The moral of this tale is this: Never undermine the trust of people, as it is sometimes very difficult to restore it.

3. "Thumbelina"

The fairy tale "Thumbelina" (Dan. Tommelise), written by Hans Christian Anderson, was first published on December 16, 1835 by K.A. Reitzel in Copenhagen, Denmark. Together with the fairy tales "Bad Boy" and "Satellite", "Thumbelina" was included in the second collection called "Tales Told for Children". In his fairy tale, the author tells about the adventures of the tiny girl Thumbelina, about her acquaintance with the family of toads, the cockchafer, and about her marriage to a mole. Thumbelina goes through a lot of trials and at the end of the tale marries the king of the elves of flowers, who was as small as Thumbelina herself.

This fairy tale is one of the most famous in the world. Children like to read about the adventures of a little girl, about her not an easy journey. With his fairy tale, the author wanted to convey to us that the most important thing is not what awaits you at the end of your journey, but what happens to you during your journey.

4. "Elves and the shoemaker"

Always be friendly and kind! Don't forget to say "Thank you" and really be grateful. These are the main tips that the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale "The Elves and the Shoemaker" gives us.

Fairytale elves helped the shoemaker to make very beautiful shoes, which were madly in love with many wealthy people. Ultimately, the Shoemaker became very rich selling wonderful pairs of shoes to the townspeople, but he did not become conceited and always said words of gratitude and was very respectful of the little creatures that once helped him realize his dreams. cherished dreams. Never forget to say "Thank you" to the people around you, and you will be rewarded for your respectful attitude hundreds of times more than you expected.

5. "Hansel and Gretel"

This is a fairy tale about young Hansel and Gretel, brother and sister, about their courage and how they overcame the spell of an old cannibal witch. But the lesson that this tale bears most likely applies to adults, namely to fathers. The moral is this: a man, if he marries a second time, should be very responsible in choosing a second wife, especially if he has children from his first marriage; the future wife should not want to get rid of the children.

6. Puss in Boots

"Puss in Boots" is a very famous European fairy tale in which we are talking about a cat with unusual abilities and a sharp mind. The cat, with the help of cunning and thanks to his business acumen, helps his poor and rootless owner to get what he wanted: power, wealth and the hand of the princess. The tale was written at the end of the seventeenth century by the French author of fairy tales for children, Charles Perrault, a retired civil servant and also a member of the French Academy.

Another version of the tale called "Cagliuso" was published in 1634 by Giovanni Battista Basile. This version of the tale, in printed form and with illustrations, appeared two years before Perrault's version appeared in 1967, included in a collection of eight tales called Histoires ou contes du temps passé. The Charles Perrault version was published by Barbin. The collection of fairy tales was a great success, and the fairy tale about Puss in Boots remains one of the most beloved in the world to this day.

Everything is possible to get with the help of charm and a bit of cunning - this is the main idea that the author wanted to convey to the reader. The tale tells of a cat that was inherited from his father by a poor young man. Thanks to intelligence, skill and ingenuity, the cat helped his owner live a better, richer life. He found new clothes for the young man, helped to impress the king, the cat even coped with the ogre, fooling him and turning him into a mouse.

7. "The King's New Dress"

"The King's New Dress" (Dan. Keiserens nye Klæder) is a short fairy tale by the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen about two weavers who promised the King to sew for him such a dress that would be invisible to people who do not correspond to the King in rank - people are stupid, incompetent, poor . When the King walked in his new attire among ordinary people, one a little boy said: "The king is naked!". The tale has been translated into hundreds of languages ​​around the world.
When you need advice or opinion on something, ask your child. The child will answer you honestly, tell the truth without hiding. In fact, the King was not wearing any new clothes, but the people on the street preferred to pretend to admire the new outfit, everyone was afraid to look like a fool. Only one small child sincerely told the truth.

We all come from childhood and are well aware that children need fairy tales for a better worldview and development. The benefits of fairy tales are simply invaluable, as the child is immersed in the world of magic and miracles, together with his favorite characters he experiences every situation, every adventure, this is what allows him to develop imagination and memory.

Ekaterina Sapezhinskaya
"Ryaba the Hen": what is the moral of the tale?

1. Everyone knows the tale of Hen Ryaba, but the reader sometimes does not even suspect that she has an author - Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich. He took for the primer only a canvas - an idea from the Russian folk fairy tales. named chicken ryabushek, invented unique story with a golden egg and a happy ending.

Our goal is to try to uncover and understand the layers of content fairy tales« Hen Ryaba» .

3. Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp saw in the composition fairy tales in general and fairy tales about a chicken Ryaba, in particular, is of a comic nature. The scientist spoke of the insignificance of the events at the beginning fairy tales. “The insignificance of these events sometimes stands in comic contrast with the monstrous increase in the consequences arising from them and with the final catastrophe (beginning - an egg broke, end - the whole village burns down)».

4. Fairy story« Hen Ryaba» known in East Slavic folklore, in the folklore of Poles, Romanians, Lithuanians and Latvians. In the Romanian and part of the Lithuanian variants, the cause of grief is not related to the egg.

5. Vladimir Toporov (founder "basic myth theories") erected a plot fairy tales to the motif of the World Egg, which the mythological hero splits.

Topor believed that story« Hen Ryaba» is an extreme degenerate version of the mythological representation.

6. According to Lyudmila Grigorievna Moshchenskaya, in « Hen Ryaba» reflects the deep layer of mythopoetic representations, story contains a cosmogonic model of the world, divided into upper, middle and lower worlds. While the middle world (Earth) embody grandfather, grandmother and chicken ryaba, lower world (underworld)- a mouse, and the upper world - a golden space egg. The duality of experience, the nature of the central acting heroes fairy tales, mice and chickens,allows you to view the story in two ways: positive, creative (breaking an egg is the creation of a starry sky) and negative, destructive.

7. Boris Zakhoder believed that « Hen Ryaba» - This storyabout human happiness: “Happiness is a golden egg - people beat it this way and that, and a mouse ran over, waved its tail ...”. This interpretation is supported: "Try tell happiness and the ease of its loss somehow more understandable, more figurative, more holistic ... Everyone understands that story about it».

8. Marina Evgenievna Vigdorchik in the article “Analysis of Russian fairy tales"Ryaba hen"in object relations theory" writes: "A golden egg laid by a hen is a symbol of a child of special significance to his parents. […] This interpretation consistent with the next part fairy tales, where we are talking about the fact that both the grandfather and the woman beat the egg. They beat - educate, try to bring the egg in line with their ideas, and the bitterness of disappointment comes when at one moment a certain "mouse" achieves what they could not achieve on their own in relation to the egg. Who is this mouse? And her symbolic meaning and her actions (wag tail) indicate that this is a woman (a daughter-in-law who is perceived by her son's parents as a rival, frivolously behaving. Parents can only find consolation in the rest of their " Hen Ryaba"