home life resources How to read German words in Russian. Russian-German phrasebook for tourists (travelers) with pronunciation. Greetings and goodbyes

How to read German words in Russian. Russian-German phrasebook for tourists (travelers) with pronunciation. Greetings and goodbyes

German alphabet built on the basis of the Latin alphabet with diacritics for vowels ( ä , ö , ü ) and a letter ß , not used in other languages. There are alternative spellings for these letters: ae, oe, ue, ss, but their use loses its uniqueness.

2. Transliteration

Some of the German letters are translated into Russian unambiguously:

b	→ b	n	→ n	t	→ t
d	→ d	p	→ P	w	→ in
f	→ f	q	→ to	x	→ ks
g	→ G	r	→ R	y	→ and
m	→ m	ß	→ with	z	→ c

3. J

Combinations j + vowel transferred like this:

At the beginning of a word and after vowels ja → I, ja (je) → e, jo → yo, jo → yo, ju → Yu, ju → yuu: Jahns → Jens, Jul → july;

After consonants ja → ya, ja (je) → ye, jo → yo, jo → yo, ju (ju)→ ew: Lilje → Lilje.

Before a consonant and at the end of a word j → th.

4. Vowels and their combinations

German diphthongs are transmitted in transcription according to the following rules: eu → oh, ei → ah, ie → and. A common tradition to pass eu (ei) → hey (her) is considered obsolete today, although many names and surnames are transmitted according to these rules: Reuters → Reuters, Geiger → Geiger.

After vowels e (ä ) → uh, i → th. At the beginning of a word e (ä , ö ) → uh, ü → and.

In other cases, vowels are transmitted by transliteration: a → a, e (ä ) → e, i → and, o → about, ö → yo, u → at, ü → Yu, y → and.

5. S, C, H

letter combinations sch, chh, ch, ph, rh, th in transcription are transmitted, respectively: sch → w, chh → hg, ch → X, ph → f, rh → R, th → t.

Combinations tsch, zsch and chs wholly belonging to one syllable are transmitted according to the rules tsch (zsch) → h, chs → ks: Achslach → Axlakh, Zschopau → chopau. Sometimes the components of these letter combinations refer to different syllables, in which case they are transmitted independently: Altschul → Altshul.

Before front vowels ( i, e, in borrowings also y) with → c: Cilli → cilly. In other contexts c → to: Carl → Charles.

Before letters p and t at the beginning of a word or part of a compound word s → w: Spray → spree. Before vowels single s → h, otherwise s → with.

In a position between a vowel and a consonant (or between a vowel and e) h omitted in transcription. In other provisions h → X.

The tradition of transmitting everywhere h → G Today it is considered obsolete, but many names and surnames are transmitted precisely according to this rule: Tannhauser → Tannhäuser, Heisenberg → Heisenberg.

"Transcriptor" does not know how to divide german words into syllables and compound words into parts.

6. Consonants

letter combinations gk and tz passed according to the rules gk → G, tz → c.

doubled ll It is conveyed in different ways, depending on the position in the word:

between vowels ll → ll: Ellerbach → Ellerbach;

At the end of a word and between consonants ll → ll: Tellkoppe → Tellkoppe;

In other positions ll → l or eh.

Before vowels l → l, before consonants and at the end of words l → eh.

In German names and titles v → f: Volkmar → Volkmar. But in names of foreign origin v can be transmitted through in: Crivitz → Krivits.

"Transcriptor" always transmits v as f.

7. Double letters

Doubled (long) German vowels are always transmitted as one: Klopeinersee → Klopeinersee.

Doubled German consonants are transmitted as doubled and in transcription if they are in a position between vowels or at the end of a word. In other positions, doubled German consonants correspond to one consonant letter of transcription: Blatt → Blatt, Schaffran → Saffron.

letter combination ck corresponds kk in a position between vowels, otherwise ck → to: Becker → becker, Dick → Dick.

In order to travel to a country, it is not necessary to be fluent in the language. But to know the main phrases that allow you to establish contact, non-verbal communication (communication without words) is a must. In the German phrasebook for tourists, we put the most necessary (in our opinion) words and phrases for such communication.

Of course, it is worth taking a paper phrasebook with you. But we must remember that the phrasebook is not a universal tool. He can fail. In the dark, for example, it is useless.

I remember how one morning in Paris I went to the suburbs, took a walk, looked, enjoyed and ... got lost. I’m walking on an unfamiliar road, it got dark somehow abruptly, there were no people. Found a supermarket. I walked along it, but I have to go home, - I began to look for a bright place to ask a question from a phrase book. In such cases, it is better to ask a question on the street so that the answerer can show with his hand where to go. In deserted places I choose a woman so that a man does not think that I am pestering.

I found a nice girl, opened a phrase book and asked where the station is? I tried to pronounce it so that she a) understood b) was not afraid of my pronunciation. And, oh, joy, I did it.

The girl smiled and began to explain in detail how to get to the station. Worst of all, she turned out to be well-mannered and did not wave her hands. She answered in detail, did not turn her head, did not turn anywhere. I neither thought nor guessed that I would be so nervous because of someone's upbringing.

We figured it out for a long time. And certainly not with words. I just showed the direction and asked in Russian: there? She shook her head (finally!) and pointed in the other direction.

Friends, now we are in Telegram: our channel about Europe, our channel about Asia. Welcome)

When looking for simple information, body movements, gestures help much more than a phrase book.

Now imagine, I found out where to go, turned around and silently walked. Kind of dumb. Where is thanks?

These are the words that help to establish contact, thank, end communication, you need to know. Words and phrases that do not require long verbal explanations.

2 ways to learn German

Now let's go back to Germany and before continuing I will say that there are two ways to learn German:

1. Instead of learning a language, which in principle is impossible to do quickly, you can master the language within 30 days. We advise you to watch the video course of I.I. Poloneichik - a polyglot and teacher " Fast entry to German". Ivan Ivanovich, using various methods, teaches to communicate in German. The course is paid, but you can feel confident and enjoy communication

2. The way is to learn the simplest words for communication.

If for any reason you do not want to use the I.I. Poloneichik, I propose to study the necessary German words:

Greetings are important. The Germans are a pedantic, thorough, unhurried people. If you have neighbors, then you must say hello.

Hey	Hallo!	hello
Good morning	Guten Morgen	Guten Morgen
Good afternoon	Guten Tag	Guten Tag
Good evening	Guten Abend	Guten Abend
Goodnight	Gute Nacht	Goute Nacht

With the hostess of the hotel, a neighbor on a table in a cafe, you can talk in words that do not require an exact answer. By the expression on the face, you can understand what feelings the person is talking about. In response, just nod or shake your head contritely:

I think it's not worth asking Warum? - they can begin to explain, but Germany is a country of philosophy. Kant, Hegel, Marx, Spengler, Schopenhauer… Suddenly, in response, you have to listen to the entire Critique of Pure Reason? The question "why" is not asked.

Another obvious question

What is the price?	Was a costume?	Are you wearing a costume?
I take it	Ich nehme es	Ikh neme es
Goodbye	Auf Wiedersehen	Auf vider zeen
Yes	Ja	Ya
Not	Nein	nein

German spoken hits:

Danke's words! and Bitte! Gotta talk always and everywhere! In any order. That is, if you were told “Danke”, you answer “Bitte”, if you hear the word “Bitte”, then, without hesitation, blurt out “Danke”. And smile. Within two days you will feel lightness and good mood. Still "thank you" and "please" magical the words. Yes?

To maintain a relationship, it is worth learning:

If you do not experience difficulties with tongue twisters, then you should learn the phrase:

For this phrase, you need to carry a notebook and a pen with you.

When you want to talk to a person. On the street, for example:

Then the question - how much does it cost ..., where is ...

To get oriented:

Useful additions to the German phrasebook can be found.

In the video lesson "The first phrases of the German language" you will hear the words and phrases that we have included in the German phrasebook for tourists.

See you on our blog.

October 16, 2014

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Tourists who are going to visit Germany and Austria on a tour or on their own should know at least a few words and expressions that they may need in Everyday life. In this article, I will show you how to read German, as well as a list of expressions for tourists.

small digression

My first country I visited was Austria: I went to a Russian-speaking seminar, we were met by Russian-speaking owners of the guest house, all my colleagues also spoke Russian, so at that time I was not afraid and went. But I decided to improve my English by studying topics: tourism, airport, hotel, illness, help, travel in transport and some other topics. Of course, I took German and English dictionaries with me just in case.

In 2014, I was twice in, also on my own, but I didn’t choose any Russian-speaking hotels. And living last time in Cologne, I went to Paris, Strasbourg (), Brussels () and Amsterdam () and was able to answer myself the question why I go to Germany (my friends asked me: why do you go to Germany, because there are more attractive countries like France or). And I realized: in Germany, everything is clear to me. Of course, at that time I already knew a little German at the level A 1.1 (that is, I could read and tell a few words about myself, I knew some of the most popular words), but what is good for a tourist in Germany:

there are inscriptions not only in German, but also in English
announcements on trains are also at least in German and English, on international trains - also in other languages
at stations and crossings, in the subway there are terminals with German and English, with a convenient and understandable interface for our people. See.
there are many Russian-speaking residents in Germany: both “our” Germans and natives.

Inscriptions in German and English at Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles

In France, in crowded tourist places, I had problems buying tea in a cafe and a cocktail in MaDonalds! And the devices are all of different colors and formats, they sell tickets, as I understand it, only to local destinations, and for distant ones you need to buy tickets at the box office.

So, I will share some phrases of a simple Russian tourist in Germany that may come in handy.

How to read German

Poster in four languages with images of castles

Before talking about phrases, let's see how to read German. If you know English, then this is great, because many words are spelled the same or similar, but pronounced a little differently. Just listen and try to understand.

For example,

Also in Russian there are many borrowings from German and other languages - use this too: for example, Wagen on a train - a wagon, Teater, Museum, Cafe, Restaurant, Lift, Luft (air, Luftgansa, Luftwaffe), Etage (floor), Garage ( garage) - these words will not cause you problems. Just be careful: in German, many words are joined to form a new word, so don't let Hochgarage scare you - it's just a high (multi-storey) garage, Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station.

The words should also be clear: hoch - high (H?nde hoch), haupt - chief (guardhouse - chief guard (and “watch” there too).

Well, “krank” (crank) - sick, Dr?cken (dryuken) - violence, pressure, push (twist, I apologize for the expression), kaputt (kaput) - spoiled, broken, Gluck (glitch) - happiness, etc. .

German Reading Rules

The basic rule of reading in German for a tourist is how it is written, so it is read. What letters you see are what you read:

Musik - not "music", but "music"
Garage - not "garage", but "garage"
Museum - not "museum", but "museum"
etc. Don't make German words English, read it as it is.

But there are letter combinations and letters that are not read like in English:

ch - "x", for example, i ch("ih") - I
sch - "sh", Sch warzkopf - schwarzkopf
ie - "and"
ei - "ai", Rammst ei n - "Ramstein", "Raiff ei senbank" - "Raiffeisen Bank"
The letter v - reads like "f", remember V olkswagen - Volkswagen (Das Auto - here is also an example of reading "auto", not "auto"), people's car ( V olk - people, remember: folklore - folk art and immediately V oklsteater in Vienna - folk theater)
The letter s - "h", remember S iemens, but this is not Siemens, but Siemens
The letter z is "c", for example, Z winger
ja, jo - "I", "yo, yo"

Language Features

In German, compared to English, there are some features:

all nouns are capitalized
words have genders that affect the endings of adjectives
there are cases that also “give” new endings to other words
words have definite and indefinite articles that change by gender and case (:-))

Basic words and expressions of the German language for the tourist. Phrasebook for tourist

Yes - Ja (ya)
No - Nein (nein)
No (in the sense: I don’t have) - Kein (kain). Example: Ich habe keine Kinder (I have no / no children - i.e.: I have no children)
Thank you - Danke (Danke)
Thank you very much - Vielen Dank
Please - Bitte (bitte)
I understand - Ich verstehe (Ich verstehe)
I don’t understand - Ich verstehe Sie nicht
Nothing - Nichts (nichts). For example, a store clerk comes up and asks how he can help.
OK - OK (okay)
I'm lost - Ich habe mich verlaufen (ich habe mich verlaufen)
Excuse me (as Excuse me) - Entschuldigung (entschulding)
Wait a minute - Einen Moment, bitte (ainen bitte moment)
Why not (Why not) - Warum nicht? (Varum niht?)

Greeting and farewell

Hello, hello - Hallo (hallo)
Hello (in Austria and Southern Germany) - Gruss Gott
Goodbye - Auf Wiedersehen (aufiderzein)
See you soon - Bis bald (bis balt) or Bis sp?ter (bis spate).
Tschuss (shu (u) s) - Bye
Good morning - Guten Morgen (guten morgen)
Good afternoon - Guten Tag (guten tag)
Good evening - Guten Abend (Guten Abend)
Good night - Gute Nacht (gute nacht)
All the best - Alles gute (Ales gute)

Help

Write here, please - Schreiben Sie das hier, bitte (schreiben zi das hier bitte)
Repeat, please - Wiederholen Sie es, bitte (fideolen zi es bitte)
What is it? - Was ist das? (you ist das?)
Where is the toilet? - Wo ist die Toilette? (Vo ist di toilette?)
Where... ? Woist...? (In ist...?)
Help me please - Helfen Sie mir bitte (helfen zi world bitte)
I need a doctor (dentist) - Ich brauche einen Arzt (Zahnarzt)

In the shop

Euro (currency) - Euro (oiro)
What is the price...? - Was the kostet...?
You have...? - Haben Sie...?
I'm looking for... (I need) - Ich brauche... (Ich brauche...)
I'm looking for... - Ich suche (ih zuhe)
I want, I would like ... - Ich m?chte ... (ich mehte ...). For example, in a cafe: Ich m?chte ein Hamburger fur zwei euro - I want (one) hamburger for two euros)
Give me... - Geben Sie mir...
Expensive - teuer (toye(p))
Cheap - billig (billih)
Size (clothes, shoes) - Gr??e (grese); Nummer (number)
More - gr??er (gröse)
Less - kleiner (klein)
Fitting room - Anprobekabine (aprobekabine)
It's too expensive - Das ist zu teuer (das ist zu toye)
Do you have this in another size/color? - Gibt es das in einer anderen GruBe (Farbe)? (Gibt es das in aine anderen grube (farbe))?
I take (buy) this - Ich nehme es (Ich nehme es)
Kreditkarte – credit card, card
Account, check - Rechnung (rechnung)
Do you have batteries? - Haben Sie Batterien? (Haben ze Butterien)?

In the city, on the street

In transport

Next stop - n?chster halt (nehste halt)
Do you have a ticket / travel pass? - Haben Sie ein Ticket / Karte / Fahrkarte? (haben zi ain ticket / map / farkarte)
Credit card, card - Kreditkarte (if you bought a ticket with a card, then, in addition to the ticket, you may be asked to present a card and a passport so that the card holder and ticket bearer match)
Place (for sitting) - Sitzplatz (sitzplatz)
Bus - Autobus (bus), Bus (bus)
Tourist bus (long distance) - Reisebus (reisebus)
Train - Zug
Elevator - Aufzug (auftzug), Lift (elevator)
Aircraft - Flugzeug (flugzeug)
Airport - Flughafen
Schedule - Fahrplan (farplan)
Platform - Gleis
By the window - am Fenster (am fenster)
How much is the ticket to ? - Was kostet eine Fahrkarte nach Mönchen? (Aine farkarte nach munich koset you?)
In ... (some city, country) - nach ... (nah)
I need a ticket to Nuremberg - Ich brauche eine Fahrkarte nach N?rnberg
Do I need to do a transplant? - Soll ich umsteigen? (Soll their umsteigen?)
Where can I get a transplant? - Wo soll ich umsteigen? (Where should I change?)

These are the main words and expressions that a tourist in Germany may need and. German is also spoken in Switzerland, but as far as I know, there is such a strong dialect there: different pronunciation and other words, that I cannot say whether it is possible to communicate with German German there, or if one needs to make a Swiss German phrasebook.

Germany is a civilized country, and therefore a lot of Germans not only understand, but can freely communicate in English. If you know at least a little bit of English, you should have no problems in German hotels, restaurants and shops. But, by the way, there is an exception to any rule, therefore, even in well-known beer houses and guesthouses in the center of Munich, we repeatedly came across waitresses who spoke only mother tongue. In these and other situations, knowing a few German words and phrases can come in handy. In this article I will try to outline the most basic expressions that can actually help a tourist in communicating with Germans in various situations. This article does not look like a textbook, manual or anything like that - it's just a list of the most necessary phrases, selected based on our own travel experience.

I will also try to indicate the transcription in Russian letters for each German phrase, so that it is easier to read and pronounce.

First of all, it is worth saying that Germans are not as emotional as Italians or Russians. Therefore, an attempt by a tourist to say something in German is perceived by them as nothing more than an attempt at a communicative act. And if an Italian is sincerely happy when ragazzo russo speaks to him, and even tells something about himself, then for an ordinary German your speech is just a transfer of information.

The most frequently used words in a tourist trip are "thank you" and "please".

Danke ("Danke") - Thank you
bitte ("bitte") - please, and, as in Russian, this word is used both as a request and as a response to words of gratitude.

The Germans are very polite, so they just say "Bitte" in cases, for example, when they give money to a cashier in a store. In the vast majority of other cases, it's better to say something like this:

Danke schon ("Danke Shen") - thank you very much
Bitte schön ("bitte shen") - meaning big please.

Moreover, the word schön literally means "beautiful", that is, "beautiful thank you" and "beautiful please." Also popular is the shorter expression Danke sehr, where sehr (zer) means "very much" and the whole phrase is literally "thank you very much".

Greetings and goodbyes

The Germans greet each other quite succinctly. For example, in every textbook you can find official expressions:

Guten Tag ("Guten Tag") - Good afternoon
Guten Morgen ("good morning") - good morning
Guren Abend ("guten abend") - Good evening

But in practice, they greet simply: Morgan(meaning "good morning") Tag(meaning "good afternoon" or "hello") or Abend. That is, they tell you Morgan in the morning, you answer Morgan. Nothing complicated. ;)
Moreover, there is a kind of "informal" greeting hallo("halo", almost in English) - hello. It is believed that it is not used with strangers. No matter how! Regardless of the degree of acquaintance or age in Germany, "hallo" can be heard in a store, on a train, in a museum or even in a philharmonic society.

For farewell, the most commonly used phrase is:

Auf Wiedersehen ("aufwiederseen") - goodbye, which is literally quite similar to the Russian phrase.
You can also often hear this word:
tschus ("chus") - Bye. As with Hallo, this informal phrase is actually very common.
Bisbald ("bis bald") - see you later.

Pronunciation. Fundamental rules

A few words about pronunciation. In general, German words are easy to read, but there are a few nuances.

"ch"- after vowels i , e and consonants are pronounced as a cross between " sch" and " X". For example, the word Ich (I). The German language is rich in dialects, and even the pronunciation of the Germans themselves varies greatly, but still this sound is closer to " sch".
"ch"- after vowels a , o, u is pronounced like " X". Words machen, Buch
"ei" - pronounced like " ah"(eins - "ains", zwei - "zwei")
"sch" - pronounced like " w"
"st ", "st", if it is at the beginning of a word, it also reads as " w". For example, "sprechen".

Also in German there are so-called umlauts such as " ä ", "ö " or " ü ". This is actually the same as the Russian "ё". If the letter "u" sounds like "u", then "ü" is pronounced like "iu" or "yu", but not "yu".

"r"- this is a separate song. The Germans burr. Learning to pronounce the German "r" is quite difficult for a Russian person, but it is possible. If you train long and hard, it will take about a month. The German "r" is not pronounced with the tip of the tongue, as in Russian, but rather the root of the tongue, the larynx.On YouTube and on the Internet you can find a lot of lessons showing exactly how to pronounce this sound. Yes, if "r" is at the end of the word, then it is almost not pronounced. Beginners are usually advised not to bathe, and pronounce the usual Slavic "r". Firstly, this allows you to concentrate not on pronunciation, but on the very process of communication, which is more important, and, secondly, the Germans perfectly understand the Russian "r". The thing is that, for example, in southern Germany, in Bavarian dialects, "r" often sounds exactly the same as ours. And I personally heard the speech of the Germans more than once, who did not even think to burr, but spoke "p" quite in our way.

The most necessary phrases

Entschuldigung ("entschuldigung") - Sorry! It sounds, of course, intimidating, but the interlocutor will definitely understand that you are apologizing.
Ja ("I") - Yes
Nein ("nein") - No
Ich verstehe nicht ("Looking for the best of nothing") - I don't understand
Noch ein Bier!("noh ain bia") - More beer!
Well, traditionally the most important question of a tourist
Wie viel? ("Wee Fil") - How much?

And now, in order to correctly understand the answer, you should remember how the numbers sound in German

German numbers

eins ("ains") - one
zwei ("zwei") - two
drei ("dry") - three
vier ("fia") - four. It is difficult to give an exact transcription to pronunciation. If you remember, "r" at the end is almost not pronounced, but gives the vowel a subtle shade. In extreme cases, you can say "fir".
funf ("funf") - five
sechs ("zex", not sex!) - six
sieben ("sieben") - seven
acht ("aht") - eight
neun ("noyn") - nine
Zehn("zein") - ten

But, as you understand, prices in shops and markets are rarely limited to ten euros, so you should know how numbers over 10 euros are formed.
By the way, " Euro"in German it sounds like this" oiro".
So here it is
elf ("elf") - eleven
zwolf ("zwölf") - twelve
The remaining numbers "thirteen", "fourteen" and others are formed by the ending " Zehn" ("Zein"), i.e " dreizehn" ("dryzein" - thirteen), " vierzehn" ("fiacein" -fourteen)...
The same with dozens, where the ending is added " zig" ("cisch").
zwanzig ("tsvantsishch") - twenty
dreissig ("draisish") - thirty
vierzig ("fiascis") - fourty
funzig ("funfcisch") - fifty
"g"at the end is pronounced as a cross between Russian sounds" sch" and " well"

Curiously, numbers like 25, 37, etc. are formed in German. First, the second digit is pronounced, and then the first, denoting ten.
25 - funfundzwanzig ("funfundzvantsishch") - literally five and twenty
36 - sechsundreissig ("zeksunddraisish")

Germans generally like to make huge words out of several small ones. Such words have a huge number of letters and from the outside it may seem that it is impossible to pronounce it, but as soon as you understand that these are just a few words put together without a space, it becomes much easier.

With hundreds (and I hope your bill at the restaurant does not reach such values) is also easy. Adding at the end hundert "hundert").
einhundert ("einhundert") - hundred
zweihundert ("zweihundert") - two hundred

In the shop

Well, since we went shopping, I’ll immediately give a few more useful phrases:

Kann Ich mit kreditkarte zahlen? ("Kan ish mit credit card tsalen") - Can I pay by credit card?
zahlen ("tsalen") - to pay
Ich ("seek") - I
Kann ("kan") - I can, remember how in English "can"

Ich mochte zahlen ("Ischte tsalen") - I would like to pay. Here " mochte"-" I would like to. " That is, a polite, subjunctive mood.
Sometimes Germans do not say zahlen, but bezahlen ("bezalen"). The meaning is the same and the difference is about the same as ours between "pay" and "pay".

So to the question "can I pay with a credit card" you can get the answer either "Ja" - yes, or ...
Nein, nur Bargeld ("Nine, nua bargeld") - cash only. Bargeld- cash. It's easy to remember, because Geld means money.

Kleingeld ("kleingeld") is a trifle. Literally "little money".
Haben Sie Kleingeld? ("haben zi kleingeld?") - do you have change?

Ich brown... ("looking for brauche..") - I'm looking for, I need ..

Pronouns

Here it is worth giving a few more base words. First, personal pronouns
Ich ("search") - I
du ("du") - you. Yes, unlike in English, in German there is a distinction between "you" and "you".
Sie ("zi") - You. As in Italian, the polite form of the personal pronoun is the same as "she"
sie ("zi") - she is
er ("ea") - is he. Again I want to make a note that "r" is not readable, although "ea" is heard - not quite the correct transcription, but it is much closer to reality than "er"
es ("it") - surprise! German has a neuter gender. For example, Das Madchen"madschen" - girl, girl. Middle word...
wir ("via") - we

Just a little bit of grammar

Now some important verbs.
haben ("haven") - have
sein ("be") - be

As in many European languages, these are fundamental verbs that are very important in the language.
Verbs are conjugated, that is, they change their form depending on the pronoun. For the traveler, the main thing to remember is how these or those verbs with the pronouns "I, we, and you" sound.
haben- have
Ich habe ("isch habe") - I have, I have
wir haben ("via haben") - you have
Sie haben ("zee haben") - it helps a lot that often the verbs in the infinitive and when used with the pronouns "we" and "you" have the same form.
Haben Sie Tee? ("haben zee tee") - do you have tea?

sein- be
Ich bin ("Search Bean") - I am
wir sind ("via zind") - we're
Wir sind aus Russland ("Via Zind Aus Russland") - we are from Russia. Pay attention, not "Russland", but "Russland".

At the restaurant

Well, now, since we met with the verb "to have", remember a very useful phrase. Comes in handy on trips to evening restaurants.
Haben Sie einen freien Tisch? ("haben zi ainen frian tysch?") - do you have a free table?
frei ("fry") - free
Tisch ("tish") - table
Wir mochten essen ("via möchten essen") - we would like to eat
Kann Ich dort drüben sitzen ("kahn isch dort druben sitzen") - can I network over there?
Ich mochte eine Bestellung aufgeben ("search for the place aine Beshtellung aufgeben") - I'd like to place an order
Etwas zu trinken? ("etwas zu trinken") - Something to drink? This is the first question a waiter usually asks in German restaurants.
Ich hätte gerne etwas zu trinken ("look for hatte gerne etwas zu trinken") - I would like a drink.

Question words

Well, let's go further on the list of the most necessary and necessary phrases?
Wo ist das nächste Hotel/Restaurant/Supermarkt/Bank ("vo ist das nehste wanted/restoron/supermarkt/bank") - Where is the nearest hotel/restaurant/supermarket/bank?
Generally the word nachste" ("nakhste") means "next" but is used as "nearest" in such matters.
Question words
Wo ("in") - where?
Wo ist die Toilette? ("in east di Toilette") - where is the toilet
Wer ("vea") - who?
was ("you") - what?
wie ("in and") - as?
Warum ("varum"- not Angelica) - why?
Wann ("bath") - when?

simple dialogue

Wie geht's ("wee gates") or Wie geht's Ihnen ("wee gates inan") - How are you? Literally "how is it going?" In general, the Germans are not very emotional and sociable people, especially with strangers, so you are unlikely to hear this question in a store or restaurant. But know - the answer is usually simple:
Gut! Und Ihnen ("gut! und inen") - Good. And your?

Wie heissen sie? ("wee heisen zee") - what is your name?
Wie ist Ihre Name? ("vi ist ire name") - What is your name?
Ich heisse... ("look haise...") - my name is...
Woher kommen Sie? ("wohea common zee") - where are you from?
Ich bin aus Russland ("isch bin aus Russland") - I'm from Russia.
Ich bin im Urlaub ("isch bin im urlyaub") - I'm on vacation

Könnten Sie mir helfen ("kenten zi mia helfen") - could you help me?

Other useful words and expressions

Schade! ("shade") - What a pity!
Natürlich ("nature") - of course!
Was für eine Überraschung ("you fur eine Überrashung") - what a surprise!

ARTICLE IN DEVELOPMENT... TO BE CONTINUED!

Restrained and pedantic Germany, a country that millions of people from all over the world dream of visiting, at least for a week. There is everything for a great pastime. Ski resorts, nightclubs, great restaurants, pubs and luxury hotels. Also in Germany there is a huge number of medieval buildings and other architectural monuments.

But knowing the German language, you will enjoy a tour of this country even more, or you can simply download a Russian-German phrasebook if you cannot master this language.

Our phrase book can be printed directly from the site or downloaded to your device, and all this is completely free. The phrase book is divided into the following topics.

Appeals

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Hello (Good afternoon)	Guten Tag	Guten so
Good morning	Guten Morgen	Guten morgen
Good evening	Guten Abend	Guten abent
Hey	hallo	Hallo
Hello (in Austria and Southern Germany)	Gruss Gott	Gruess goth
Goodbye	Auf Wiedersehen	Auf viderzeen
Goodnight	Gute Nacht	Gute nakht
See you later	Bisbald	Bis balt
Good luck	Viel Gluck/Viel Erfolg	Fil glitch / Fil erfolk
All the best	Alles Gute	Alles goute
Till	Tschuss	Chus

Common phrases

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Show me…	Zeigen Sie mir bitte…	Tsaigen zi bitte world...
Give it to me please...	Geben Sie mir bitte das	Geben zi world bitte das
Give me please…	Geben Sie mir bitte…	Geben zi world bitte ...
We would like…	Wir moechten…	Veer myhyten…
I would like to…	Ich moechte…	Ih myohte…
Help me please!	Helfen Sie mir bitte	Helfeng zi bitte world
Could you tell me...?	Koennen Sie mir bitte sagen?	Gyonnen zi world bitte zagen?
Could you help me...?	Koennen Sie mir bitte helfen?	Gyonnen zi world bitte helfeng
Could you show me...?	Koennen Sie mir bitte zeigen?	Gyonnen zi world bitte tsaigen?
Could you give us...?	Koennen Sie uns bitte … geben?	Kyongnen zi uns bittae... geben?
Could you give me...?	Koennen Sie mir bitte … geben?	Kyongnen zi world bittae... geben?
Please write it	Schreiben Sie es bitte	Shriban zee es bitte
Repeat please	Sagen Sie es noch einmal bitte	Zagan zi es noh ainmal bitte
What did you say?	Wie bitte?	You bitte?
Can you speak slowly?	Koennen Sie bitte etwas langsamer sprechen?	Gyeongnaen zi bitte etwas langzame sprechen?
I don't understand	Ich verstehe nicht	Ikh fershtee niht
Does anyone here speak English?	Spricht jemand hier english?	Shprikht yemand khir english?
I understand	Ich verstehe	Ikh fershtee
Do you speak Russian?	Sprechen Sie Russisch?	Shprechen zi russish?
Do you speak English?	Sprechen Sie English?	Shprechen zi english?
How are you doing?	Wie geht es Ihnen?	Wee gate es inan?
I'm good, and what about you?	Danke, gut Und Ihnen?	Danke, Gut Und inen?
This is Ms. Schmidt.	Das ist Frau Schmidt	Das ist Frau Schmitt
This is Mr Schmidt	Das ist Herr Schmidt	Das east herr Schmitt
My name is…	Ich heise…	Ihe haise…
I came from Russia	Ich komme aus Russland	Ikh komme aus ruslant
Where is?	Woist…?	In ist…?
Where are they?	Wo sind…?	In zint...?
I don't understand	Ich verstehe nicht	Ikh fershtee niht
Unfortunately I don't speak German	Leider, spreche ich deutsch nicht	Leide sprehe ih deutsch niht
Do you speak English?	Sprechen Sie English?	Shprechen zi english?
Do you speak Russian?	Sprechen Sie Russisch?	Shprechen zi russish?
Sorry	Entschuldigen Sie	Entshuldigen zee
Excuse me (to get attention)	Entschuldigung	Entschuldigung
Thanks a lot	Danke schon/Vielen Dank	Danke shyon / Filen dunk
Not	Nein	nein
You are welcome	bitte	Bitte
Thanks	Danke	Danke
Yes	Ja	I

At customs

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Where is customs control?	wo ist die zollkontrolle?	in: east di: zolcontrolle?
do I need to fill out a declaration?	soll ich die zolleklärung ausfüllen?	sol ih di: zollerkle: runk ausfullen?
did you complete the declaration?	haben sie die zollerklärung ausgefüllt?	ha: ben zi di zollerkle: rung ausgefült?
Do you have forms in Russian?	haben sie formulare in der russischen sprache?	ha: ben zi formula: re ying der rusisheng spra: he?
Here is my declaration	hier ist meine zollerklärung	chi:r ist meine colecrle:runk
where is your luggage:	wo ist ihr gepäck?	w:ist i:r gapek?
This is my baggage	hier ist mein gepack	chi:r east mine gapek
passport control	passcontrol
present your passport	weisen sie ihren pass vor	Weizen Zi:Ren Pass Four!
Here's my passport	hier ist mein reisepass	chi:r east lane risepas
I arrived on flight number ... from Moscow	ich bin mit dem flug nummer … aus Moskau gekom-men	ihy bin mit dem flu:k nummer ... aus moscow geco-man
I am a citizen of Russia	ich bin burger russlands	ihy bin burger ruslands
we came from Russia	wir kommen aus russland	vir komen aus ruslant
did you fill in the entry form?	haben sie das einreiseformular ausgefüllt?	ha:ben zee das inriseformula:r ausgefült?
I need a form in Russian	ich brauche ein formular in der russischen sprache	ih brau he ain formula: r in der rusishen spra: he
the visa was issued at the consular department in Moscow	das visum wurde im konsulat in moskau ausgestellt	das wi:zoom vurde im consulat in moskau ausgestelt
I came…	ich bin … gekom-men	ih bin ... gekoman
for contract work	zur vertragserbeit	zur fartra:xarbayt
we came at the invitation of friends	wir sind auf einladung der freunde gekommen	vir zint aif ainladunk der freinde gekoman
I have nothing to declare in the declaration	ich habe nichts zu verzollen	ih ha: be nihte tsu: fertsolen
I have an import license	hier ist meine einführungsgenehmigung	chi:r ist maine ainfyu:rungsgene:migunk
come through	passieren sie	pasi: ren zi
go along the green (red) corridor	gehen sid durch den grünen(roten) korridor	ge:en zi dope dan gryu:nen (ro:ten) corido:r
open the suitcase!	machen sie den koffer auf!	mahan zi den cofer auf!
these are my personal things	ich habe nur dinge des personkichen bedarfs	ih ha:be nu:r dinge des prezenlichen bedarfs
these are souvenirs	das sind souvenirs	das zint zuvani:rs
Do I need to pay duty on these items?	sind diese sachen zollpflichtig?	zint di:see zachen zolpflichtych?

At the station

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
from which station to go to ...?	von welchem bahnhof fährt man nach …?	von welhem ba:nho:f fe:rt man nah?
where can i buy a train ticket?	wo kann man die fahrkarte kaufen?	in: can man di fa: rkarte kaufeng?
I need to get to Bremen as soon as possible	ich muß möglichst schell nach Bremen gelangen	ihy mus möglihst shnel nah bre:men gelangen
Do you have a timetable?	wo kann ich den fahrplan sehen?	vo:kan ih dan fa:rplya:n ze:en?
from which station does the train leave?	von welchem bahnhof fair zug ab	von welhem ba:nho:f fe:rt der tsu:k up?
how much does the ticket cost?	was kostet die fahrkarte?	you costat di fa:rkarte?
Do you have tickets for today (tomorrow)?	haben sie die fahrkarten für heute(für morgen)?	ha: ben zi di fa: karten fur hoyte (fur morgan)?
I need a ticket to Berlin and back	einmal (zweimal) Berlin und zurück, bitte	ainma: l (tsvayma: l) berley: n unt tsuruk, bite
I would like the train that arrives in the morning at ...	ich brauche den zug, der am morgen nach … kommt	ihy brauhe den zu: k der am morgan nah ... comt
When is the next train?	wahn kommt der nächste zug?	van comt der ne: hh-ste tsu: k?
I missed the train	ich habe den zug verpasst	ihy ha:bae den tsu:k fairpast
from which platform does the train leave?	von welchem bahnsteig fährt der zug ab?	von welhem ba:nstaik fe:rt der tsu:k up?
how many minutes before departure?	wieviel minuten bleiben bis zur abfahrt?	vi:fi:l minu:ten blyaben bis zur apfa:rt?
is there a representative office of Russian airlines here?	gibt es hier das buro der russischen fluglinien?	gi:fri es chi:r das bureau: deru rusishen flu:kli:nen
where is the help desk?	wo ist das Auskunftsburo?	in: ist das auskunftsburo?
where does the express bus stop?	wo halt der Zubringerbus?	in: helt der tsubringerbus?
where is the taxi stand?	wo ist der Taxi-stand?	in: ist der taxi driver?
Is there a currency exchange here?	wo befindet sich die Wechselstelle?	in: befindet zih di vexelstalle?
I want to buy a ticket for flight number ...	ich möchte einen Flug, Routenummer … buchen	ih myohte ainen flu:k, ru:tenumer ... boo:hyun
where is the check-in for the flight...?	wo ist die Abfer-tigung fur den Flug …?	in: ist di apfertigunk für den flue: k….?
where is the storage room?	wo ist die Gepäckaufbewahrung?	in: ist di gepekaufbewarung?
no mine...	es fehlt …	es fe:lt ….
suitcases	mein koffer	mein coffer
bags	meine tasche	meine ta:she
who can you contact?	an wen kann ich mich wenden?	en vein kan ih mih venden?
where is the toilet?	wo ist die toilette?	in: ist di toilete?
where is the baggage claim?	wo ist gepäckaus-gabe?	in:ist gapek-ausga:be?
on which conveyor can I get luggage from flight number ...?	auf welchem Förderband kann man das Gepäck vom Flug … bekommen?	auf velhem förderbant kan man das gapek fom flu:k …backoman?
I forgot my case (coat, raincoat) on the plane. What should I do?	ich habe meinen aktenkoffer (meinen Mantel, meinen regenmantel) im flugzeug liegenlasen. was soll ich tun?	ih ha: be mainen aktenkofer (mainen mantel, mainen re: genshirm) im fluktsoyk ligenlya: sen. you sol ich tun?
I lost my luggage tag. Can I receive my luggage without a tag?	ich habe cabin (den Gepäckanhänger) verloren. Kann ich mein Gepäck ohne cabin bekommen?	ih ha: be kebin (den gap’ekanhenger ferle: ren. kan ih mein gap’ek

In hotel

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
where is the hotel…?	wo befindet sich das Hotel …?	in: befindet zih das hotell…?
I need a not very expensive hotel with good service	ich brauche ein hicht teueres Hotel	uh brauhe….
do you have rooms available?	haben sie freie zimmer?	Ha: Ben Zi: Frie Zimer?
booked for me	fur mich ist ein Zimmer reserviert	fur mih ist ain zimer rezervi:rt
The room is booked in the name of...	das Zimmer auf den Namen … reserviert	das zimar east auf dan na:men ... rezervi:rt
i need a single room	ich brauche ein Einzelzimmer(ein Einbettzimmer)	ihy brauhe ain ainzelzimer (ain ainbetzimer)
I want a room with a kitchen	ich mochte ein Zimmer mit Küche haben	ihy myohte ain qimer mit kyuhye ha:ban
I came here for...	ich bin hierger … gekommen	ihy bin hirhe:r ... gekomen
month	fur einen monat	fur ainen mo:nat
year	fur ein jahr	fur ain ya:r
week	fur eine woche	fur aine vohe
is there a shower in the room?	gibt es im zimmer eine Dusche?	gypt es im zimer aine du:she?
i need a room with bath (air conditioning)	ich brauche ein zimmer mit Bad (mit einer klimaanlage)	ih brauhe ain zimer mit ba:t (mit ainer klimaanla:ge)
how much is this number?	was costet dieses zimmer?	you costat di:zes zimer?
it is very expensive	das ist sehr teuer	das east ze:r toyer
I need a room for a day (for three days, for a week)	ich brauche ein zimmer für eine Nacht (für drei tage, fur eine woche)	ih brauhe ain zimer fur aine nakht (fur dry tage, fur aine vohe)
how much is a double room per night?	was kostet ein zweibettzimmer pro nacht?	you costet ain zweibetzimer about nakht?
does the room rate include breakfast and dinner?	sind das Frühsrtrück und das abendessen im preis inbegridden?	zint das fryu:stuk unt das abentesen im price inbegrifen?
breakfast is included in the room price	das Fruhstuck ist im preis inbergriffen	das fryu:stuck ist im price inbergryfen
we have a buffet in the hotel	in userem hotel ist schwedisches Büffet	in unzeram hotel east sea:dishes buffet
when do i need to pay for the room?	wann soll ish das zimmer bezahlen?	van sol ih das zimer betsa: flax?
payment can be made in advance	man kann im voraus zahlen	man can im foraus ca:len
this number suits me (does not suit)	dieses zimmer passt mir(nicht)	di:zes zimer paste the world (niht)
here is the room key	das ist der schlüssel	das east der slusel

Walk around the city

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
gas station	tankstelle	tank-stelle
Bus stop	Bushaltestelle	Bus-halte-stelle
Subway station	U-bahnstation	U-ban-station
Where is the nearest...	Wo ist hier die naechste…	Vo ist hir di next…
Where is the nearest police station here?	Wo ist hier das naechste Polizeirevier?	Vo ist hir das next cop-revere?
bank	eine Bank	aine bank
mail	das Postamt	das post office
supermarket	Die Kaufhalle	di kauf-halle
pharmacy	die Apotheke	di apotheca
pay phone	eine Telefonzelle	aine telephone - celle
tourist office	das Verkehrsamt	das ferkerzamt
my hotel	my hotel	mine hotel
I'm looking for…	Ich suche…	Ihe zuhe…
Where is the taxi stand?	wo ist der taxi-stand?	in: ist der taxi driver?

In transport

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Could you please wait for me?	Koennen Sie mir bitte warten?	Gyeongnen zi world bitte warten?
How much do I owe you?	Was soll ich zahlen?	You sol ih tsalen?
Stop here, please	Halten Sie bitte hier	Khalten zi bitte khir
I need to get back	Ich mus zurueck	Ikh mus tsuruk
Right	Nach rechts	Nah rehts
Left	Nach links	Nah links
Take me downtown	Fahren Sie mich zum Stadtzentrum	Faren zi mih zum state-centrum
Take me to a cheap hotel	Fahren Sie mich zu einem billigen Hotel	Faren zi mih tsu aynam billigan hotel
Take me to a good hotel	Fahren Sie mich zu einem guten Hotel	Faren zi mih tsu aynem guten hotel
Take me to the hotel	Fahren Sie mich zum Hotel	Faren zi mih tsum hotell…
Take me to the train station	Fahren Sie mich zum Bahnhof	Faren zi mih zum bahnhof
Take me to the airport	Fahren Sie mich zum Flughafen	Faren zi mih tsum fluk hafen
take me away	Fahren Sie mich …	Faren zi mih ...
To this address, please!	Diese Adress bitte!	Dize adresse bitte
How much does it cost to get to...?	Was kostet die Fahrt…	You cost di fart...?
call a taxi please	Rufen Sie bitte ein Taxi	Rufeng zi bitte ain taxi
Where can I get a taxi?	Wo kann ich ein Taxi nehmen?	Wo kan ikh ain taxi nemen?

In public places

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
The street	Strasse	Strasse
Square	Platz	parade ground
town hall	Rathaus	Rathaus
Market	Markt	Markt
Central railway station	Hauptbahnhof	Hauptbahnhof
Old city	Altstadt	Altstadt
Push	Stosen/Drucken	Stozen/drucken
To yourself	Ziehen	Qian
Private property	privateigentum	Prifatigentum
Do not touch	Nothing beruhren	Nichtberuren
Free/Busy	Frei/Besetzt	Fry/bezzt
For free	frei	fry
VAT refund (tax-free)	Refund tax-free	Refund tax-free
Currency exchange	Geldwechsel	Geldpromissory note
Information	Auskunft/Information	Auskunft/Information
For men/For women	Herren/Damen	gerren/damen
Toilet	Toiletten	Toiletten
Police	Polizei	policeman
Forbidden	Verboten	Ferboten
Open / Closed	Offen/Geschlossen	Offen/geschlossen
No free places	Voll/Besetzt	Voll/bezzt
There are available rooms	Zimmer free	Zimmerfri
Output	Ausgang	Ausgang
Entrance	Eingang	Aingang

Emergencies

Numerals

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
0	null	zero
1	ainz (ain)	ainz (ain)
2	tsvay (tsvo)	tsvay (tsvo)
3	drei	dry
4	vier	fir
5	fuenf	funf
6	sechs	zex
7	sieben	ziban
8	acht	aht
9	neun	noin
10	Zehn	tsen
11	elf	elf
12	zwoelf	zwölf
13	dreizehn	draizen
14	vierzehn	firzen
15	fuenfzehn	funfzen
16	sechzehn	zehtsen
17	siebzehn	zipzen
18	achzehn	akhtzen
19	neunzehn	neintsen
20	zwanzig	zwantsikhe
21	einundzwanzig	ain-unt-zwantsikh
22	zweiundzwanzig	zwei-unt-zwantsikh
30	dreissig	draisih
40	vierzig	firtsikh
50	fuenfzig	funcich
60	sechzig	zekhtsikh
70	Siebzig	ziplock
80	achtzig	akhtsikhe
90	neunzig	neunzich
100	hundert	hundert
101	hunderteins	hundert-ins
110	hundertzehn	hundertzen
200	zweihundert	zwei hundert
258	zweihundertachtundfunfzig	zwei-hundert-aht-unt-fünftzih
300	dreihundert	dry hundert
400	vierhundert	fir hundert
500	funfhundert	funfhundert
600	sechshundert	zex hundert
800	achundert	aht-hundert
900	neunhundert	neuin hundert
1000	tausend	tauzent
1,000,000	eine million	aine million
10,000,000	zehn millionen	cen millionen

In the shop

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Surrender wrong	Der rest stimmt nicht ganz	Der rest stimmt niht ganz
Do you have something similar but bigger (smaller)?	Haben Sie etwas Anliches, aber ein wenig grosser (kleiner)?	Haben zi etwas enlishes abe ain wenig grösser (kleiner)?
This works for me	Das past world	Das paste the world
This is great for me	Das ist mir zu gross	Das ist world zu gros
It's not enough for me	Das ist mir zu eng	Das east world tsu eng
I need a size	Ich brauche Grosse…	Ikh brauhe grösse ...
My size is 44	Meine Grose ist 44	Maine grösse ist fir und firzich
Where is the dressing room located?	Wo ist die Anprobekabine?	Vo ist di enprobe cabine?
Can I measure it?	Cann ich es anprobieren?	Kan ikh es anprobiren?
Sale	Ausverkauf	Ausferkauf
Too expensive	Es ist zu teuer	Es ist zu toyer
Please write a price	Schreiben Sie bitte den Preis	Schreiben zee bitte dan price
I take it	Ich nehme es	Ikh neme es
How much is it?	Was kostet es (das)?	you costat es (das)?
Give it to me please	Geben Sie mir bitte das	Geben zi world bitte das
I would like to…	Ich suche…	Ihe zuhe…
Please show me this	Zeigen Sie mir bitte das	ceigen zi world bitte das
I only watch	Ich schaue nur	Ihy shaue nur

Tourism

Greetings - the Germans are very friendly and affable people, and therefore, it is also dear for you to know how to greet the inhabitants of Germany. Here are the words for this.

Standard phrases are common words that you can use during any conversation to keep it going.

Station - if you are confused by the signs and signs at the station, or do not know where the toilet, buffet is located, or you need a platform, just find the question you need in this topic and ask a passer-by how to get to one place or another.

Orientation in the city - so as not to get lost in big cities Germany, use this topic in order to find out from passers-by, in the right direction and you are going, etc.

Transport - if you do not know how much the fare costs or want to clarify which bus you take to get to the hotel or to some point of interest, find your questions in this topic and ask them to German passers-by.

Hotel - big list right questions and phrases that are often used during a stay at a hotel.

Public places - in order to clarify where the object of interest to you is located or public place, just find a suitable question in this topic and ask it to any passer-by. Be sure you will be understood.

Emergencies - it is unlikely that something can happen to you in a calm and measured Germany, but such a topic will never be superfluous. Here is a list of questions and words that will help you call an ambulance, the police, or just tell others that you are unwell.

Shopping - want to buy an item you are interested in, but do not know how its name sounds in German? This list contains translations of phrases and questions that will help you make absolutely any purchase.

Numbers and figures - every tourist should know their pronunciation and translation.

Tourism - tourists often have all sorts of questions, but not everyone knows how to ask them in German. This section will help you with this. Here are collected the most necessary phrases and questions for tourists.