Homogeneous submission examples from fiction. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses
NGN is a sentence whose parts are connected by subordinating conjunctions.
Subordinating conjunctions- what, because, if, although, in order to, how, when, in order to, as well as many others.
NGN with homogeneous subordination
A sentence in which all clauses belong to the same main part and answer the same questions (therefore they are clauses of the same type)
Examples :
- I hit the road when everyone was already asleep and when it became cool
- I hit the road when everyone was already asleep and it became cool
I hit the road — > when? (when everyone was sleeping and when it got cold)
Note: In Russian, the same word can not be repeated, so example 1 and example 2 are the same sentences.
NGN with daisy chaining
In this type of SPP simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.
In the following examples, questions to the next clause will be put in brackets.
Examples :
- And Nikolai went to the service (why?) so that no one would say that he did not like his job (what?), which he really did not like.
NGN with a comma at the junction of 2 unions has a consistent subordination.
Examples :
- He said that when father comes, let's go to the park. (The proposal is analyzed below.)
Analysis: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.
WBS with Parallel Subordination
This type of NGN has such clauses that
a) They receive questions from one main part, but these questions are different (therefore, the subordinate clauses will be of different types.)
b) They are subordinate clauses of the same type, receive the same questions, but related to different words(This applies to relative clauses.)
Examples :
- a) Even though you don't deserve it, I'll give you an A if you write well on the test.
- b) I love to look at the sea, which brings inspiration and the sky, which has no clouds. (from different nouns in the main questions are asked.)
There is always a subordinating conjunction inside a subordinate clause.
Example: Andrei did not remember where he put the diary. (about what?)
We always give a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main clause by commas.
Results
1. Inside the subordinate part there is always a subordinating union.
2. From the main part we ask the question of the subordinate.
3. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main one by commas.
Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses can be divided into three main groups: with homogeneous, heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential subordination.
1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination:
all subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause or to the same word in the main clause (if the subordinate clauses do not distribute the entire main clause, but one of its words);
subordinate clauses answer the same question, that is, they are subordinate clauses of the same type;
subordinate clauses are connected with each other with the help of coordinating conjunctions or without union (with the meaning of enumeration), just as homogeneous members are connected with each other.
The boys, hushed, looked after the truck, / 1 until he drove off for the crossroads, / 2 until the dust he raised is scattered, / 3 until he himself became a cloud of dust/ 4 (Zhukhovitsky).
1 , (Bye- union) 2 , ( Bye- union) 3 , ( Bye- union 4 .
Complex sentence; consists of four simple sentences; the first is the main thing, the rest are adjuncts of time. Subordinate clauses refer to one main clause, answer the same question - until when? Each clause is connected to the main conjunction bye. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.
The vertical scheme (a scheme that reflects not the location of simple sentences in a complex one, but their dependence) will be as follows:
1
↓
(Bye- union) 2 , ( Bye- union) 3 , ( Bye- union) 4
My father told me / 1 that he had not seen such loaves / 2 and / that this year's harvest is excellent/ 3 (Aksakov).
[ch.] 1 , ( what- union) 2 and ( what- union) 3 .
Complex sentence; consists of three simple sentences; the first is the main one, the rest are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one word (predicate) said, expressed by the verb) in the main clause, answer the same question - what? Each subordinate clause is associated with the main union that. Between themselves, subordinate clauses are connected by a connecting union and. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.
The vertical scheme of a complex sentence will be as follows:
1
↓
(what- union) 2 and (what- union) 3
Note!
1) If homogeneous subordinate clauses are attached to the main one by the same union, then this union can be omitted in one or more subordinate clauses (but the union is easy to restore).
Wed: Shatsky saw,/ 1 /2 and / the sailors for a long time, interfering with each other, pulled her up on hoists/ 3 (Paustovsky). - Shatsky saw,/ 1 how the last boat returned to the ship/2 and / how the sailors for a long time, interfering with each other, pulled her up on hoists / 3 .
2) If homogeneous clauses are connected by a single connecting or dividing union (and, yes, in the meaning of “and”, or, or), then a comma is not placed between the subordinate clauses.
my father said me that he had never seen such loaves and that this year's harvest was excellent(Aksakov); He strongly stated that we must immediately get out of his house or he will call the police.(Grigoriev) - the union that before the second subordinate clause is omitted, but can be restored ( He stated emphatically that we should immediately get out of his house or that he would call the police.).
3) With repeated coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses.
While in the hospital, he recalled how the Nazis attacked them suddenly, and how they were surrounded, and how the squad managed to break through to their own.
4) The unions whether ... or are considered as recurring (in this case, or can be replaced by whether), and homogeneous clauses connected by these unions are separated by a comma.
Wed: It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or was about to ascend moon(Chekhov). - It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, whether the moon was about to rise.
2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:
all subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause;
subordinate clauses answer different questions, that is, they are subordinate clauses of different types.
Heterogeneous (parallel) will also be subordinate clauses that have the same meaning, but refer to different words in a common main clause.
/ 1 Yegorushka strained his eyesight, / 2 / 3 (Chekhov).
(when- union) 1 , 2 , ( to- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; the second sentence is the main one, the first and third are subordinate clauses. Relative clauses refer to the same main clause, but answer different questions (cf.: [When?] When he drove up to backyard, / 1 / 2 ; Yegorushka strained his eyesight[why?], / 2 to get a better look at it/ 3). These are different types of subordinate clauses: when he drove up to the backyard- subordinate time; to get a better look at it- adjective of purpose.
2
↓ ↓
(when- union) 1 ( to- union) 3
must be taken into account exactly Wednesday, / 1 wherein poetry develops, / 2 / 3 (Mayakovsky).
[n.] 1 , ( wherein- union. sl.) 2 , ( to- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third clauses are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clauses refer to one main clause, but the first subordinate clause (the second simple clause) refers to one word - the environment expressed by the noun; the second subordinate clause (the third simple clause) refers to the entire main clause. Relative clauses answer different questions (cf.: must be taken into account exactly Wednesday [which one?], / 1 wherein a poetic work develops, / 2; Need to take into account the environment[why?], / 1 so that a word alien to this environment does not accidentally fall / 3). These are different types of subordinate clauses: wherein poetry develops.- attributive clause; so that a word alien to this environment does not accidentally fall into- adjective of purpose.
The vertical layout of the proposal will be as follows:
[n. ] one
↓ ↓
(wherein- union. next) 2 ( to- union) 3
I asked his, / 1 why he went so far from fanza, / 2 and said, / 1 that worried about him/ 3 (Arseniev).
[Ch., ( why- union. next) 2 , ch.] 1 , ( what- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third clauses are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one main clause and answer questions of indirect cases (cf.: I asked his[about what?], / 1 why he is so far gone from fanza / 2 ; I asked him and said [what?], / 1 that worried about him/ 3). These are the same types of subordinate clauses - additional clauses. But these clauses refer to different words within the main clause: the first clause (the second simple clause) refers to the predicate asked, expressed by the verb; the second subordinate clause (the third simple sentence) refers to the predicate said also expressed as a verb. Therefore, these accessory clauses are heterogeneous (parallel).
The vertical layout of the proposal will be as follows:
[ch. ch.] 1
↓ ↓
(why- union. next) 2 ( what- union) 3
3. In complex sentences with sequential subordination one subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree) is subordinate to the main clause, and another subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) is subordinate to this subordinate clause, etc. Thus, the 1st degree clause is the main clause for the 2nd degree clause, and so on.
I I heard, / 1 how Gaidar cleaned the kettle with sand and scolded his for that, / 2 that the handle fell off/ 3 (Paustovsky).
[ch.] 1 , ( as- union ch. + UK. sl.) 2 , ( what- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third clauses are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause of the 1st degree (the second simple sentence) refers to the first (main) sentence, namely, to the predicate I heard, expressed by the verb; subordinate clause II degree (third simple sentence) refers to the subordinate clause I degree (second simple sentence), namely, to the predicate scolded expressed by the verb.
The vertical layout of the proposal will be as follows:
[ch.] 1
↓
(as- union ch. + UK. next) 2
↓
(what- union) 3
Note!
At successive subordination one subordinate clause can appear inside another subordinate clause. At the same time, at the junction of these subordinate clauses, there may be two subordinating unions or a subordinating union and an allied word nearby.
The maid was an orphan/ 1 which , / 2 to feed / 3 should have been in service / 2 (L. Tolstoy).
[n. ] 1 , (which is union. word, 2 (to - union ...), 3 ...) 2 .
[n. ] one
↓
(which- union. next) 2
↓
(to- union) 3
Nearby are the allied word which and the union to. They belong to different subordinate clauses: subordinate clause of the 1st degree - who was to be put into service; subordinate clause II degree - to feed. The subordinate clause of the II degree is located inside the subordinate clause of the I degree, and the subordinate clause of the II degree can be removed from the complex sentence without prejudice or placed after the subordinate clause of the I degree, cf .: The maid was an orphan who was to enter the service; The maid was an orphan who had to enter the service in order to feed. Between the allied word which and the union to, belonging to different subordinate clauses, there is a comma.
Thus, when two subordinating unions meet (or a subordinating union and an allied word) comma between them put if the withdrawal of the second clause does not require restructuring of the entire complex sentence (in this case, the second part of the double union does not follow - then, so, but).
Comma at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions (or a union and a union word) not put in the event that the second subordinate clause cannot be removed without changing the entire complex sentence (in this case, the second part of the double union follows - then, so, but).
I'm holding bet, / 1 what / 2 / 3 then/ 2 (Leskov).
[n. ] one , ( what- union 2 ( if- union ...), 3 then ...) 2.
[n. ] one
↓
(what- union) 2
↓
(if...then- union) 3
In this sentence, the main sentence can be distinguished: I bet/ 1, as well as two successively related subordinate clauses: the I degree subordinate clause: something... then he will stay here for another three days/ 2, inside which there is a subordinate clause of the II degree: if you pass it to the duke/ 3 (cf.: I bet that... then he will stay here for another three days; he will stay here for another three days if you pass this on to the duke). At the junction of the 1st degree and 2nd degree clauses there are two subordinating unions what and if. However, a comma is not placed between them, since the subordinate clause of the II degree cannot be removed without changing the subordinate clause of the I degree, cf .: I bet, / 1 that he will stay here for another three days/ 2 . This is prevented by the second part of the double conditional union if ... then, which is in the main conditional clause for the conditional clause - the 1st degree clause: he will stay here for another three days. If this second part (then) is removed, then at the junction of unions what and if it will be necessary to put a comma, cf .: I bet/ 1 what , / 2 if you give it to the duke, / 3 he will stay here for another three days / 2 .
In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, bond combinations: there can be both homogeneous and consistent subordination; parallel and serial, etc. Therefore, when parsing and arranging punctuation marks, one should not strive to immediately compose general scheme or immediately put punctuation marks.
The following analysis algorithm seems to be the most optimal:
- Set the total number of simple sentences in a complex one, highlighting all grammar basics.
- Select all subordinating means of communication (subordinating conjunctions and allied words); Based on this, establish the main clause and subordinate clauses.
- For each subordinate clause, set the main clause, that is, break difficult sentence into pairs: the main thing is the subordinate clause.
- Build a vertical scheme of a complex sentence, and on this basis determine the nature of the subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential subordination).
- Build a horizontal diagram, and on this basis, arrange punctuation marks.
The bet is that if your overlord stays here for three days, then you must do what I tell you without any excuses, and if he does not stay, I will do whatever order you give me.(Leskov).
There are 7 simple sentences in this complex sentence:
Bet is that / 1 what / 2 if your master stays here for three days / 3 then you without any excuses must fulfill then / 2 what I will tell you/ 4 a / if he doesn't stay / 5 then I will fulfill any order / 6 which will you give me/ 7 (Leskov).
1) bet is that;
2) something ... then you without any excuses must fulfill then ;
3) if your master stays here for three days;
4) what I will tell you ;
5) if he doesn't stay;
6) then I will fulfill any order;
7) which you give me.
first offer ( bet is) - the main thing, the rest - subordinate. Only the sixth simple sentence raises the question ( then I will fulfill any order ).
Given complex sentence can be divided into the following pairs of complex sentences:
1→2: bet is that that ... then you without any excuses must fulfill then
;
2→3: you without any excuse must fulfill then if your master stays here for three days;
2→4: you without any excuse must fulfill then what i tell you;
6→5: I will fulfill any order if he doesn't stay;
6→7: I will fulfill any order, which you give me.
It is still difficult to determine what type of sentence the sixth sentence belongs to. In this case, you should pay attention to the coordinating union a. A coordinating union, unlike a subordinating union, in a complex sentence consisting of three or more simple sentences, may not be in front of the sentence to which it refers. Therefore, it is necessary to find out which simple sentences are connected by this adversative union. To do this, it is necessary to remove all simple sentences, leaving only those that contain opposition. These are sentences 2 and 6, cf.: you without any excuse must fulfill then, and I will fulfill any order. But sentence 2 is a subordinate clause. Therefore, sentence 6, connected with sentence 2 by a coordinating union, must also be subordinate. This can be verified by inserting the same conjunction that sentence 2 has, and linking sentence 6 to the same principal on which sentence 2 depends, cf.: bet thing is I will fulfill any order. This means that sentences 2 and 6 are homogeneous clauses, only the union that in sentence 6 is omitted (1→6).
Based on the data obtained, it is possible to build a vertical diagram of this complex sentence:
[ch. + UK. next] 1
↓
(what- union ch. + UK. sl.) 2 , and (- n. + uk. sl.) 6
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
(if...then- union) 3 ( what- union. next) 4 ( if...then- union) 5 ( which- union. next) 7
Thus, this sentence is complex, in which the subordinate clauses are connected uniformly (sentences 2 and 6), in parallel (sentences 3 and 4, sentences 5 and 7), also sequentially (sentences 2 and 3; 2 and 4, 6 and 5, 6 and 7).
To punctuate, it is necessary to mark the boundaries of simple sentences by drawing Special attention on a possible combination of several alliances on the border of proposals, as well as to build a horizontal proposal scheme.
[ch. + UK. next] 1 , ( what- union ( if- union) 3, then ch. + UK. sl.) 2 , ( what- union next) 4, a (if- union) 5 , ( then noun + UK. sl.) 6 , ( which- union. next) 7 .
This sentence has a combination of subordinating conjunctions at the junction of sentences 2 and 3 (what if). In addition, the coordinating union a, which refers to sentence 6, comes before sentence 5, forming a combination of conjunctions with a subordinating conjunction if (and if). By general rules they must be separated by commas, but then the second part of the double conjunction if...then follows. It is this second part of the union that does not make it possible to withdraw conditional clauses without changing the structure of sentences as a whole, cf .: The wager is that ... then you must fulfill that without any excuse; well ... then I will fulfill any order. That is why a comma is not put at the junction of these unions.
So, punctuation marks in a sentence should be arranged as follows:
The wager is that if your master stays here for three days, then you must do what I tell you without any excuses, and if he does not stay, then I will fulfill any order that you give me (Leskov).
Plan for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
- Specify the type of complex sentence (compound sentence).
- Name the main clause and subordinate clauses (highlight the grammatical foundations).
- Indicate how the subordinate clauses are related to the main clause (serial, parallel, homogeneous subordination).
- Disassemble each subordinate clause according to the plan.
- Build vertical and horizontal sentence schemes.
Sample parsing
Participates in the adventures of Baron Munchausen runner, / 1 which, / 2 not to run very fast, / 3 ties weights to the feet/ 2 (Soloukhin).
The offer is complex; consists of three parts; sentence 1 - the main thing; sentences 2 and 3 are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clauses are connected with the main one sequentially.
The subordinate clause of the 1st degree (sentence 2) refers to the main one (sentence 1). This is a relative attributive; it refers to the subject runner, expressed by a noun, the means of communication is a union word which; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.
The 2nd degree clause (sentence 3) refers to the 1st degree clause (sentence 2). It is an adjective of purpose; it refers to everything important, the means of communication is the union to; the subordinate clause is in the middle of the main clause.
[n.] 1
def. ↓
(which- union. next) 2
goals ↓
(to- union) 3
[n.] 1 , ( which- union. sl., ( to- union) 3 ,) 2 .
def. goals
And everything connected with it is studied in school course Russian language, and is also included in the examination work.
Variants of subordination of dependent parts (successive subordination of subordinate clauses as well) will be discussed below.
Complex sentence: types of subordinate clauses
A complex sentence is a sentence where there are two or more grammatical bases, one of which is the main one, the rest are dependent. For example, the fire went out(main part), when morning came(dependent part). Subordinate, or dependent, parts can be of different types, it all depends on the question that is asked from the main sentence to the dependent. Yes, when asked which the dependent part is considered definitive: the forest (what?) in which we walked has thinned out. If the question of circumstance is attached to the dependent part, then the subordinate part is defined as adverbial. Finally, if the question to the dependent part is one of the questions of indirect cases, then the subordinate clause is called explanatory.
Complex sentence: several subordinate clauses
Often in texts and exercises there are several subordinate clauses. At the same time, not only the subordinate clauses themselves can be different, but also the way they are subordinated to the main clause or to each other.
| Name | Description | Example |
| Parallel subordination | The main clause includes dependent parts of various types. | When the ice broke, the fishing began, which the men had been waiting for all winter.(Main sentence: fishing has begun. First adverbial adjective: started (when?); second adjective: fishing (what?). |
| Homogeneous submission | The main clause includes dependent parts of the same type. | Everyone knows how the BAM was built and how dearly the people paid for it.(Main sentence: everyone knows. It includes both subordinate explanatory clauses: how BAM was built and how dearly the people paid for it. Clauses are homogeneous, as they refer to a single word - known they ask one question: it is known that?) |
| Sequential submission | The main clause has one subordinate clause, on which other subordinate clauses depend. | He guessed that they didn't like the movie they saw.(From the main sentence he guessed one adjective depends: that they didn't like the movie. From the subordinate clause related to the main clause, something else depends: which they saw. |
To determine the parallel, homogeneous, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is a task that causes difficulties for students. Solving this issue, it is necessary first of all to find the main sentence, and then, asking questions from it, determine the nature of subordination.
Subordination and sequential subordination
In complex sentences, in which there are several predicative stems, there may be subordination of subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate clauses that depend on a single main clause. Sequential subordination is different from subordination. The fact is that in compound sentences with sequential subordination, not all subordinate clauses depend on the main clause, that is, they do not have subordination.
It is not an easy task to determine the types of subordinate clauses, especially in sentences with sequential subordination. The question is how to find the consistent subordination of the subordinate clauses.
- Read the offer carefully.
- Highlight grammar points.
- Determine if the sentence is complex. In other words, find out whether there are main and dependent parts, or parts of a complex sentence are equal.
- Identify subordinate clauses related directly to the main clause.
- The subordinate clause, which is not related in meaning to the main clause, will refer to another part dependent on the main clause. This is the sequential subordination of subordinate parts.
Following this algorithm, you can quickly find the sentence specified in the task.
The main thing is to know the answer to the question, the consistent subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? This is a complex sentence, where such a subordinate clause depends on the main clause, which is the main one for another subordinate clause.
The structure of sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses
Structurally, the most interesting is a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. A chain of interdependent clauses can be located both outside the main clause and inside it.
The day they spent in the sunny city, where there are many historical monuments, they will remember forever.
Here is the main suggestion they will remember the day forever encircles related subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause depends on the main clause which they spent in the sunny city. This subordinate part is the main one for the subordinate defining part. where there are many historical monuments. Therefore, this is a consistent subordination of subordinate clauses. In another sentence He saw the owner scolding his cat for catching a chicken the main clause is located outside the subordinate clauses.
Examples of sequential subordination of subordinate clauses
Consistent subordination of subordinate parts is used both in colloquial speech and in writing. Such sentences are found in fiction. For example, A.S. Pushkin: Natalya Gavrilovna was famous at the assemblies as the best dancer, which was ... the reason for the misconduct of Korsakov, who came the next day to apologize to Gavrilo Afanasyevich; at L.N. Tolstoy: He remembered how once he thought that his husband had found out, and was preparing for a duel ... in which he intended to shoot in the air; from I.A. Bunin: And when I looked up, it again seemed to me ... that this silence is a mystery, a part of what is beyond the cognizable.
Grechishnikova Marina Anatolievna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" p.g.t. Urengoy
Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses. Types of submission.
Preparation for GIA. Task B8.
Target - systematize students' knowledge on the topic, improve their skills in working with tests and texts in preparation for the GIA
Lesson objectives:
Educational
- improve the ability to distinguish between types of subordination in a complex sentence;
- to acquaint with the work of Yuri Afanasiev.
Educational
- develop syntactic skills;
- develop writing skills;
- develop skills in working with tests (tasks A1 - B9).
Educational
- cultivate love for native land respect for the culture of the peoples of the North inhabiting Yamal;
- to educate a thinking reader on the works of Yamal writers.
Lesson equipment:
- a computer;
- interactive board;
- textbook;
- notebooks;
- handouts (tests, texts).
During the classes
- Language warm-up
- Read the text - an excerpt from Yuri Afanasyev's story "Two Spruces" (print the texts for each student or project them onto the board).
1. Because of the storm, the tugboat settled in the backwater. 2. Time was in a hurry. 3. For almost a week, Eduk and Oksana traveled by channels to the village on the Kaldanka. 4. Almost a week is the time. 5. And in life for Eduk there was one moment. 6. During these days, he learned about the world as much as the most ancient old man could not have known. 7. The world, it turns out, is very big, restless. 8. Like animals in the taiga, all sorts of people inhabit it. 9. Everyone has a lot of worries. 10. But the most incredible thing was for Eduk to hear that there are lands where people all year round go almost without clothes. 11. Just think, imagine yourself in the Arctic without clothes, even if not in winter, even in summer (?!). 12. However, he could not distrust Oksana either. 13. Their relationship was so close, her eyes understood him so deeply that he was afraid of his bad thoughts. 14. “What? Eduk thought. “Why not intermarry, be your own person in a warm, satisfying village?”
15. And then the village suddenly appeared because of the melted cape. 16. Scattered along the ridge, the houses on the slope huddled like chickens. 17. Among them, a church towered like a capercaillie, reddishly shining with larch logs.18. And further behind the village, spiky firs stuck out like a scallop. 19. I was dizzy with a subtle smell warm bread. 20. This smell Educ could distinguish from a great distance. 21. You can’t confuse him with anything ...
- Find dialect words in the text, replace them with stylistically neutral synonyms.
Kaldanka (in project 3) – boat
Uval (in project 16) - hill, slope
- Find comparisons in paragraph 2. Write down the numbers of sentences with comparisons.
16 - like chickens
17 - capercaillie (a form of instrumental case)
18 - scalloped (a form of instrumental case)
- Write the sentence number with an introductory word.
- Write down the grammar bases from sentences 7, 12, 20
7 - the world is big, restless
12 - he could not help but believe
20 - Educ could distinguish
- Determine the type of subordination in the phrase "animals in the taiga" (sentence 8). Replace this phrase with a synonymous agreement with a subordinate relationship.
Communication - management; taiga animals
- Determine the type of subordination in the phrase "restless world" (sentence 7). Replace this phrase with a synonymous subordinating relationship management.
Coordination; peace without peace
- Write down the numbers of complex sentences.
6, 10, 13
- Knowledge update
Write out sentence 10 from the text.
But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people walk almost without clothes all year round.
Build an outline of this sentence: [ === ], (what === ____), (where ____ ===).
Determine the type of subordination (sequential).
What types of subordination in a complex sentence do you know? (Memo, Appendix 1).
Give examples.
- Anchoring
- Determine the type of submission. Fill in the table (Appendix 2). Orally comment on the answer. Print tables with sample sentences for each student. Graduates fill out only 2 columns.
Offer | Type of subordination |
The most important hero in Khanty mythology is a bear who considered to be the progenitor | Sequential (main → relative attributive → subordinate corollary) |
don't bring that only scrupulous work will let him come out | Homogeneous (main → subordinate explanatory, subordinate explanatory) |
If you apply | Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate condition → main → subjunctive explanatory) |
will have to overcomemany obstacles, | Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate purpose → main → relative attributive) |
Task keeping traditions is complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking younglearn native language prefer | Sequential (main → subordinate explanatory → relative attributive) |
the role appears in the legends. | Sequential (main → subordinate explanatory → subordinate clause) |
For the rights of the people who addresses the poet who cries out | Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate attributive → main → subordinate attributive). In this sentence, the clauses refer to different words in the main clause. |
The writer often comes to accept"referencing the past" to compel | Homogeneous (main → subordinate goal, subordinate goal). |
- Perform text compression. From sentences 6-8 (an excerpt from the story "Two Spruces"), make 1 complex subordinate with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
What is this type of text compression called? (Simplification - merging several sentences into one).
- Among the sentences given below, find the NGN with sequential subordination of clauses:
1. Not understanding the road, he fled to the forest-tundra, ran towards the Urals. 2. Run to the point of exhaustion. 3. He was afraid to stop. 4. He felt that if he stopped, he would be torn apart from the inside. 5. The heart will not stand. 6. And he ran, ran on the impassability, splashing bitterness and resentment out of himself.
Answer: 4
- Using the text of the story, there were Yu. Afanasyev “Two Spruces”, continue the sentences so that you get a SPP with different types subordination:
Sequential: I can’t say how old these fir trees are ... .. (which grow on the banks of the Ob).
Homogeneous : We were brought together by loneliness or the expectation of the morning when the village wakes up with a fishing sweat, the mooing of cows, a breath of fresh wind, .... (when the oystercatcher snipe announces the beginning of the day with a wooden shamanic trill.
Parallel (non-uniform): When the headman smiles, it seems .... (that he is ready to swallow you like a small fish).
- Testing. Part B8. Presentation (it is better to conduct a lesson with a mobile computer class so that each graduate can independently work with tests. If this is not possible, tasks can be printed out for each student).
1. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Many went not to explore the North and live in Yamal, but to earn money. (2) Didn’t it come from here: I worked for 15 years, gave “all my strength” to the wild North - return me to my place, give me everything. (3) And they gave, and kissed goodbye, and the "silent" were more and more thrown into the darkness, as if they had been sentenced in advance: they could not grow cadres from local people. (4) In the second and third generations, the children of the dispossessed were not given passports.
(5) “Yamal received the third blow with the beginning of oil and gas development. (6) Now the organizers themselves do not know why the cities were built, what to do with the population.”
2. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) subordination. Write the number of this offer.
(1) With the closure of navigation, it is practically forbidden to set nets on the Ob. (2) But every year the nets are set up, and it is impossible for a fish inspector with a pick to remove all of them. (3) How many holes do you need to cut?! (4) In order to streamline recreational fishing, it is appropriate in some cases to apply licensed fishing, based on the experience of Guryev residents. (5) This experience is justified with an insignificant by-catch of valuable fish species, which does not adversely affect the reproduction of fish stocks, and in autumn on smooth sands, when the latter leave the fishermen, migrating to their winter quarters.
(6) It must be taken into account that northern fishing in autumn, in the wind, in icy water is not an easy pleasure.
3. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Profitability of licensed fishing is not only in the collection of funds, part of which should go to the development of fishing, the main thing is in the education of the person himself. (2) If you want to fish, work on cleaning livestock, plant a few bushes to strengthen the banks of spawning rivers, and do your part to save the young. (3) Anyone who took a fish but did not give it back, who violated the rules of fishing, may be expelled from society or temporarily suspended from fishing. (4) It seems that amateur fishermen in their place of residence will more jealously monitor their site, and will also help in the fight against malicious poaching. (5) The opening of cases of the latter is still insignificant.
4. Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Poachers. (2) Who are they? (3) Of course, people. (4) But these are people who consciously go to harm nature. (5) And what about the rest, who love their Ob, who, for one reason or another, fall into violators? (6) Doesn't the word poacher offend his ears? (7) So far, such a difference is not visible, and only because not all of them are used in the organization of recreational fishing.
5. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) B last days the outgoing leap year, the stocky log houses in the village from the weight of snow on the roofs pressed even more tightly to the ground. (2) The old office building, unable to withstand such a load, leaned against the neighboring fence, but proudly and cockily a flag flutters on a spruce pole, all covered with clay and it is not known when and by whom it was hoisted there. (3) The flag glorified the still indestructible and mighty Union, when for the second year in the yard there was a completely different political weather. (4) But the people of Yamalsk have not changed morally and in their actions. (5) A peeling slogan still hung on the pediment of the office, which called on fishermen and fisherwomen to work hard and give one more percentage in excess of the plan, because the fate of the Motherland depends on this percentage.
6. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) “Now there will be a “zhik”!” Styopka explained to his mentor, who, with migraine pain, perceived the children's noise and was impatiently waiting for her watch to end. (2) Where she came from, Styopka did not know. (3) But how could he be interested that some go to the Far North to build, others to work out the northern experience for retirement, for a coefficient. (4) But the teacher of the boarding school in the village was noticed by her unsociableness, did not trust the cleanliness of the yagushki and malitsa, was wary of visiting the families of the tundra dwellers. (5) It is not easy to collect reindeer herders and fishermen in a boarding school on Parent meeting, but coming to your house - chum - is revered. (6) And if the teacher began to speak, moreover, in their mother tongue, then he became no less than a ruma - a friend who, on occasion, should be given a present.
7. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) The blizzard howled louder and angrier, but the voices in the plague, lit from the outside by several electric bulbs, could be heard far away. (2) Before Chuprov had time to throw back the canopy, a man in a mask splashed a full ladle of ice-cold water down his collar. (3) “Well, jokes,” Styopka gasped. (4) The host liked the joke, and this trick added noise and fun to all the guests.
(5) How did he not foresee all the consequences? (6) After all, he should have known that he was invited and taken as a hostage to One-Eyed, that if necessary and to please the owner, the purveyor was taken to the village.
8. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) He had known a brood of wolves since last year, and now four one-year-old puppies were also practicing in a snowstorm. (2) As they cut all the weakened deer with a knife, their corpses turned black in the snow. (3) In some places, the wolverine tried: jumping from tree to tree, she gnawed her throat, drank blood, and left the animal like that ...
(4) Khunzi no longer thought about Zyryanov's promises - with one hundred percent safety of the deer, transfer thirty percent to him. (5) This whole market is not for him. (6) The only thing he thought about now was that no one could take away the snow, the sky, the air, the tundra where he walks.
9. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Hunzi went to the wolf unarmed, only with this stick-shovel. (2) He had neither fear nor malice against the wolf. (3) What he dreamed is gone. (4) Hunzi, peering at the trail, saw that he was trying to jump over the ravine, but he was careful of a large snow drift, that he sat, turned around and again moved straight.
(5) Finally Khunzi saw a wolf on the opposite bank of the Yugan River. (6) The floodplain was snow-covered two or three meters deep - you won’t run across so easily ...
10. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) The deer carries the shepherd farther and farther away. (2) With such a deer and unarmed, it is not scary to ride. (3) How can a shepherd not rejoice over deer, how can he not sing a song about them! (4) Narasyuh, tell us about the blue wind of the shaking and about the minyruva deer, the holy deer, who for all his life does not know what a team is. (5) Tell me how Minruv put the sun on his horns, and how on a quiet night from fast run The stars are ringing in my ears...
Answers
- Reflection. Summing up the lesson.
- What new did you learn in the lesson?
- How to find complex sentences with different types of subordination?
- What is the difference between homogeneous subordination and parallel subordination?
- What problems are raised by Yu.N. Afanasiev in his works?
- What lexical features can be noted in the texts used in the lesson? (Dialect words, an abundance of means of expression, especially comparisons).
- Have you noticed the syntactic features of the works of Yamal writers? (Simple sentences, introductory words, inversion).
- Differentiated homework assignment (optional).
- Prepare a presentation of 20 slides on the topic “Preparation for the GIA. B8 "(Performance in groups is possible).
- Develop a memo for memorizing theoretical material on the topic.
- Make a table to systematize knowledge on the topic and memorize theoretical material.
- Solve several options for tasks B8 from the collection of preparation for the GIA.
Bibliography
- Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Egoraeva G.T. GIA 2014. Russian language. Grade 9 30 standard options test items and preparation for the implementation of part 3 (C) / Yu.N. Gosteva, I.P. Vasiliev, G.T. Egoraev. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2014.
- Lvova S.I. GIA 2014. Russian language: training tasks: Grade 9 / S.I. Lvova, T.I. Zamuraeva. – M.: Eksmo, 2013.
- Nazarova T.N. GIA. Workshop on the Russian language: preparation for the tasks of part B / T.N. Nazarova, E.N. Violin. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2014.
- Russian language. 9th grade. Preparation for GIA-2013: teaching aid / Ed. ON THE. Senina. - Rostov n / a: Legion, 2012.
- Khaustova D.A. Russian language. Preparation for the GIA (writing summary). Versatile materials with guidelines, decisions and answers / D.A. Khaustov. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2012.
Internet resources
- Gubkinskaya centralized library system.http://www.gublibrary.ru
- Afanasiev Yu.N. Tundra rhythms. Once stepping on a rake. Two firs. Corporate information and library portal of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.http://libraries-yanao.ru
Appendix 1.
REMINDER
TYPES OF SUBMISSION
A complex sentence can have two or more subordinate clauses. The relationship of such subordinate clauses among themselves determines the type of subordination.
1. Parallel submission
With parallel subordination, different types of subordinate clauses belong to one main one, which answer different questions:
Reason, (despite what?), even if it is oppressed and neglected, in the end always prevails (why?), because it is impossible to live without it (A. France).
2. Homogeneous submission
With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are of the same type, answer the same question and refer to the same member of the main clause or to the entire main clause as a whole. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a coordinating or union-free connection:
Yegorushka saw (what?), how little by little the sky darkened and darkness descended on the earth (what?), how the stars lit up one after another (A. Chekhov).
3. Consistent submission
With sequential subordination, the main clause is subject to the subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the first degree), which, in turn, is subject to the next subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the second degree), etc. (parts form a chain). With such a connection, each subordinate part becomes the main one in relation to the next one, but only one remains the original main part: which considered to be the progenitor people, therefore it is to him that the greatest number of legends is devoted.
Historical experience proves that all attempts “jumping over” some stages of culture is no good don't bring that only scrupulous Job on the restoration of historical memory, "childhood and youth" of the people let him go on the main road of world culture and come to a sense of the spiritual fullness of being.
If you apply to foreign literature, then with confidence we can say that the fairy-tale hero R. Rugin has long been known already in the vastness of Europe from France to Russia.
To become masters of your destiny , Khanty and other small peoples of Siberiawill have to overcomemany obstacles, which modernity has prepared for them.
Task keeping traditions is complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking young hunters who don't see the point learn native language prefer learn English instead.
It is significant that the deer plays less significant in Khanty mythology role than in the legends of the Nenets, although also appears in the legends.
Roman Rugin is also a wrestler for the rights of the people which addresses to the mind of his reader and states the facts, and the poet who calls out to the hearts of people and their emotions.
The writer often comes to accept"referencing the past" to compel Khanty reader to look at his past, to move forward, to build the future.
Difficult sentence - this is a sentence with two or more predicative stems, and simple sentences as part of a complex one form a semantic and intonational whole.
The main types of complex sentences.
Complex sentences are divided into allied and non-union.
Allied sentences, in turn, are divided into compound and complex.
Thus, there are three main types of complex sentences:
compound, compound, and unionless.
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Compound sentence (CSP) simple sentences are linked together by coordinating conjunctions and intonation. In SSP, simple sentences are equal. |
Night fell and the lights were lit in the houses. |
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Complex sentence (CSP) simple sentences are linked by subordinating conjunctions or allied words. In NGN, one simple clause (subordinate) depends on another (main). |
When night fell, the lights were lit in the houses. |
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Unionless proposal (BSP) simple sentences are connected without conjunctions, by intonation. |
Night fell and the lights came on in the houses. |
Compound sentences are:
Punctuation marks in compound sentences.
Note: Sometimes a dash is placed between parts of a compound sentence before the union AND if the sentence has a sharp opposition or a quick change of events.
Here is the north, catching up the clouds, He breathed, howled - and now the winter sorceress herself is coming (A.S. Pushkin).
Complex sentence.
SPP features:
The structure of the NGN:
Conjunctions and allied words in a complex sentence:
A complex sentence with several subordinate clauses.
According to the nature of the subordination of several subordinate clauses, they are divided into three types:
- subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination;
- subordinate clauses with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:
- subordinate clauses with sequential subordination.
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Relative clauses with homogeneous subordination. Peculiarities : Example : Explanations : 2) all subordinate clauses answer the same question what? |
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Relative clauses with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination Peculiarities : Example : Explanations : |
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Relative clauses with sequential subordination Peculiarities : Example : Explanation : |
NOTE: often there are complex sentences with combined subordination: homogeneous + parallel, homogeneous + serial, serial + parallel, etc. Therefore, when parsing the offer, be careful.
Punctuation marks in NGN.
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A comma is placed between the main and subordinate clauses. If the subordinate clause is in the middle, then it is separated by commas on both sides. Subordinate clauses are also separated from each other by commas. Grandfather said that the spring will be warm. Grandfather said that the spring would be warm and smiled. Grandfather said that the spring would be as warm as last year, when the crops sprouted earlier than the villagers expected. |
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Exception. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by non-repeating unions AND, OR, then a comma is not placed between them: Grandfather said that the spring would be warm and that the harvest would be rich. |
Exercise. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. Write down his number.
(1) As a child, I hated matinees, because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, chirped on his accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher strictly told him: “Valery Petrovich, higher!” (Z) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose always had a beet red color, like that of a clown. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”
We highlight the basics: (1) As a child, I hated matinees, because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, chirped on his accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher strictly told him: “Valery Petrovich, higher!” (Z) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose always had a beet red color, like that of a clown. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, they said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”
Proposition #3 is simple. We exclude it. We define the boundaries of sentences and see how the basics are connected: (1) [As a child, I hated matinees], (because my father came to our kindergarten). (2) [He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, chirped on his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right tune], and [our teacher strictly told him]: “Valery Petrovich, higher up!” (4) [He was small, plump, began to go bald early], and (although he never drank), [for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown's]. (5) [Children, (when they wanted to say about someone), (that he is funny and ugly), they said this]: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!” The first sentence is complex with adnexal reasons(I hated matinees why? because my father came). The second sentence is a compound sentence with direct speech. The fourth sentence is complex with a coordinating connection (conjunction and) and a subordinating connection (subordinate though ...). The fifth sentence is a complex one with two subordinate clauses and direct speech. The first subordinate clause is time (children said when? when they wanted to talk about someone); the second subordinate clause is explanatory (they wanted to say something about someone? that he was funny and ugly). So the correct answer is sentence #5.
Among sentences 1 - 9, find a complex sentence that has a subordinate clause. Write the number of this offer.
(1) It is not difficult to imagine what was happening at that moment in the soul of the commander: he, having taken on the unbearable burden of a shameful retreat, was deprived of the glory of a victorious battle. (2) ... Barclay's road carriage stopped at one of the postal stations near Vladimir. (3) He went to the house stationmaster but a huge crowd blocked his way. (4) Offensive cries, threats were heard. (5) Barclay's adjutant had to draw his saber in order to pave the way to the carriage. (6) What comforted the old soldier, who was attacked by the unjust anger of the crowd? (7) Perhaps, the belief in the correctness of one's decision: it is this belief that gives a person the strength to go to the end, even if it is necessary alone. (8) And yet, perhaps, Barclay was comforted by hope. (9) The hope that someday a passionless time will reward everyone according to their deserts and the fair judgment of history will surely justify the old warrior who sullenly rides in a carriage past the roaring crowd and swallows bitter tears.
Among sentences 1 - 10, find a complex sentence that includes (-yat) subordinate (-s) comparisons. Write the number(s) of this offer.
(1) No matter how hard I tried, I could not imagine that houses once stood here, noisy children ran, apple trees grew, women dried clothes ... (2) No sign of a former life! (3) Nothing! (4) Only the sad feather grass mournfully shook its stems and the dying rivulet barely stirred among the reeds ... (5) I suddenly felt scared, as if the earth was exposed under me and I found myself on the edge of a bottomless abyss. (6) Impossible! (7) Is it possible that man has nothing to oppose to this deaf, indifferent eternity? (8) In the evening I cooked fish soup. (9) The bear threw firewood into the fire and climbed into the pot with his cyclopean spoon - to take a sample. (10) Shadows moved timidly next to us, and it seemed to me that people who once lived here timidly came here from the past to warm themselves by the fire and tell about their lives.
Among sentences 1 - 11, find a complex sentence with homogeneous clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Sitting on the river bank an old man in a naval uniform. (2) The last pre-autumn dragonflies fluttered over him, some perched on worn epaulettes, rested and fluttered when the man occasionally stirred. (3) He was stuffy, he relaxed his long-long unbuttoned collar with his hand and froze, peering with watery eyes at the palms of small waves patting the river. (4) What did he see now in this shallow water? (5) What was he thinking about? (6) Until recently, he still knew that he had won great victories, that he had managed to break free from the captivity of old theories and discovered new laws of naval combat, that he had created more than one invincible squadron, brought up many glorious commanders and crews of warships.
