Ege in Russian. Unified State Examination in the Russian language: a detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

Unified State Examination in the Russian language: a detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

16 (increased level, time - 2 min)

Tasks for training:

Part 1

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home biology tutor Ege in Russian. Unified State Examination in the Russian language: a detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK VV Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (deep)

Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)

Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the mandatory subjects for final exams. USE results in the Russian language will be required upon admission to universities for each area of training (specialty). Today we will consider in detail one of the options for the exam task.

New materials on the exam are available for review at the link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

For execution examination work 3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted.

The minimum number of points in the Russian language:

to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
for admission to a university - 36 points.

The structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer tasks. In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:

tasks of an open type for recording a self-formulated correct answer;
tasks to choose from and write down one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-ended task with a detailed answer (composition), which tests the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Our experts:

Sosnina Irina Vasilievna, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the competition "Moscow Grant" in the field of science and technology in the field of education.
Awarded with the Honorary Diploma of the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Alexandrovna, teacher of the highest category, teaches at high school. Labor Veteran, Competition Winner the best teachers Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project "Education". Twice Laureate of the competition "Moscow Grant" in the field of science and technology in the field of education. Pedagogical experience - 46 years.

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed to the fact that rapid social change on the continent associated with cycles solar activity , which are quite fully described by astronomers. (2) Following the specialists in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this relationship is natural . (3)<…>He put forward and developed the hypothesis that a sharp increase in solar activity favors that that on Earth in in large numbers "passionaries" are born - people of increased activity that promote social change and guide the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between the active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, putting forward the hypothesis of "passionaries", explained the connection between the cycles of solar activity and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development first of all, the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) Studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward the hypothesis of "passionaries", according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Task execution algorithm:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue that is raised in this text.

2. Determine the causal relationship between the sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by crossing out secondary information (all sorts of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Transmit in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Compare your text compression option (your sentence that conveys its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to concisely retell the text:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

in the first version, emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
in the second version there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
in the third version, the hypothesis of "passionaries" is put forward, the connection between the cycles of solar activity and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
in the fifth variant, the hypothesis of "passionaries" is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of the Sun's activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answers - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
because
Meanwhile
However
Furthermore,

Answer: 5

Task execution algorithm:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Carefully read the test and understand the logic of the author's reasoning.

2) Determine what logical link in the author's reasoning is the sentence with the gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything, (therefore, it is impossible to choose the place of the gap in the sense MEANWHILE );

It is used for opposition, emphasizing the contradiction (therefore, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, BUT, BUT );

Used to indicate special importance subsequent phrase (therefore, in place of the gap in the meaning, you need to choose FURTHERMORE );

3) Perform the substitution, and then reread the resulting version again and make sure that you have correctly established a logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP- I call, - you call, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, culture. R. child. Reading developed it.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. on a large scale, with all the energy to deploy sth. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the specified offer.

3. Include each of the proposed lexical interpretations instead of the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP- I call, - you call, owls. used in the sense to spread, expand, deepen the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. In which word there is a mistake in setting the stress: INCORRECT is the letter for the stressed vowel highlighted? Write out this word.

adolescence

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Task execution algorithm:

It must be remembered: the mobility of Russian stress creates objective difficulties in completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress, as a rule, falls on the ending A: took, took, took, took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, took, locked, locked, called, lied, lil, poured, lied, tore, called As, poured, narwhal, started, doused, hugged, overtook, skinned, departed, gave away, withdrew, withdrew, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, took off, created, plucked, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which pulls the stress on itself: poured out, called ;

For verbs to put, sneak, send, send, send, the stress in the past tense feminine form does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury reached a guilty verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a ball of silicon and silicon carbide fibers is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN person who knew how to keep silent,” the writer's contemporaries recalled.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the dictatorship of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who speaks about it.

Answer: hidden.

Paronyms are single-root words belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combine with different words.

ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. Usage examples: accused of stealing, accused of lying, accused of stealing money, accused of a crime, innocently accused, accused of murder.	accusatory- containing an accusation. Usage examples: accusatory speech, guilty verdict, indictment, indictment.
ORGANIC. 1. (spec.) Belonging to vegetable or animal world pertaining to living organisms. 2. Concerning internal structure man, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, root. 4. (trans.) Inherent in someone.	ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone, something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; integral, inseparable.
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Stealthy: ~th person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~th people; ~th character.	HIDDEN. Secret, not obvious. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: ~th meaning, hint; ~th enmity, irony, pain; ~th excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~th opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy.
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting in writing dictated text. Examples: class, control, visual, difficult, easy dictation	DICTAT- demand, instruction, dictated by one, strong point and imposed for unconditional execution on the other, weak side. Examples: Roman dictate;
INITIAL- initial. Examples: starting point, level of knowledge	OUTGOING is a document flow term. Examples: outgoing number, document

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE”, not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZONCHE

in 150 meters

two pairs SOCKS

not SPEECHING not a word

Answer: uttering

Task execution algorithm:

For execution given task good knowledge of theory is required.

1. Formation and use of nominative and genitive cases plural nouns (For most nouns male, in the initial form ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), characteristically ending -OV in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. The use of numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except for the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

comparative adjective		Superlatives adjective

Suffixes: *-EE, -E, -SHE* STRONG *HER* LOUD E JUNIOR E	*MORE* *LESS* *MORE* PERSISTENT *LESS* DIFFICULT	Suffixes: *-AYSH-, -EYSH-* DEEP *ASH* ii NEZH H *ASH* ii	*MOST* *MOST* LEAST *MOST* KIND *MOST* DANGEROUS
Comparative degree of adverb		Superlative adverb

Suffixes *-EE, -E, -SHE* EXACT *HER* HIGH E TONSH E	*MORE* And *LESS* *MORE* EXACTLY *MORE* HIGH *MORE* THIN		Pronoun *ALL* + simple comparative degree MORE PRECISELY *ALL* ABOVE *ALL* THINER ALL

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other by syntactic functions in a sentence: comparative the adjective acts as a predicate of a personal sentence, a definition and, very rarely, a subject; the comparative degree of the adverb is in the role of a circumstance.

There is a mistake in the word " uttering". This is a gerund participle formed from a perfective verb. Perfective gerunds are formed by adding the suffix -in- to the basics of the infinitive into a vowel: push - pushing, come - stepping on, see - looking.

We also bring to your attention work program for the TMC Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade, you can already take it to work work program for the teaching materials of Albetkova R.I. in Russian literature.

7. Match grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect sentence construction with adverbial turnover

C) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

D) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

SUGGESTIONS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the final.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) In Nekrasov's poem " Railway» presents a picture of folk life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made his way along the road leading to the village and along which he had already walked more than once.

8) A group of rescuers advanced towards a group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors related to the incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in the construction of sentences with gerunds.

A sentence is grammatically incorrect in which the action expressed by the verb-predicate and the action expressed by the participle are performed by different persons.

AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between SUBJECT and PREDICT.

In complex sentences built according to the model " THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ", with the subject WHO, the verb-predicate is placed in singular, and with the subject TE (ALL), verbs-predicates are used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in the construction of sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect in the subordinate part, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun "I": pronouns and verbs in the form of the first person should be replaced by pronouns and verbs in the form of the third person.

D 7. Errors in the construction of sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (Proposition 7) is that in a series homogeneous members different syntactic constructions are included. Need: either two participial turnovers, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

note..

friendly .. native (station)

ex..mother

Sat..Register

anal..gyny

Answer: hug

Task execution algorithm:

1) Choose test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, the unstressed vowel in the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a checkable vowel in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - TVOR; LAG - LODGE; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEL; YIG - ZHEG; CHIT - THUNDER; KAS - KOS A; (I) - MI (IN); RAST - RASH - ROS; SKAK - SKOCCH; MAC - IOC; EQUAL - ROVN; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - PRESS; AE - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

It should be remembered:

1. Checked unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(in an unstressed position at the root of the word, the same vowel is written as under stress in cognate words or forms of this word: noteworthy - notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels at the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

pr .. miracle, pr .. back (interpret)

pr..mazh (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bendable, ..give

voz..chalk, inter..grovoy

under .. yachiy, about .. ate

Answer: inflexible, surrender

To complete the task correctly, you need to know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of invariable prefixes: (always spelled the same. You need to know them “by sight”: in-, in-, vzo-, you-, before-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, it is necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, both-, re-, over- , under-, under-, pr-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 and -FROM(the prefix is \u200b\u200bwritten with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or voiced consonant, and with the letter C if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - the word for remembering "KapuST": without-/bes-, air-/sun- (air-/sun-), from-/is-, down-/nis-, times-/races, roses-/rose-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling prefixes PRE- and AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in writing the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, one should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes that they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word "whim" is a morpheme -CHUD-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonders. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in the word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in given word. And in the word "misinterpret" the choice of prefix depends on lexical meaning the words. Words with prefixes PRE- / PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in this case, “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then And root changes to S: the game- draw , famous - unknown , story - backstory .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And it does not change: ultra-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant and b characters (separating Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, yo, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th '] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, yo, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk), etc. write b).

In the words "unbending" and "surrender" the prefix is missing FROM-. No prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations Sat, sg, sd, szh, sk, mid.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.

koch..vat

suede..out

eclipse

thoughtful .. out

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If the vowel is omitted at the end, then use the indefinite form of the verb to establish its conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of the verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (I) .

3) If the vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

missing vowel in participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, yashch, im, eat (om) .

omitted vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, yashch, im, eat (om) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

In participles formed from verbs of the I conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yusch, em (om) ;

In participles formed from verbs of the II conjugation, suffixes are written ash, ash, im.

5) Vowel spelling before participle suffixes vsh and nn depends on the at - yat or it - et the indefinite form of the original verb ends:

if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before nn in the passive participles of the past tense, the vowel a (ya) is preserved;

if the original verb ends in it or et , then before nn only written e ;

before the suffix vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending be in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (THEY do what? THEY do what?) ending -ut-ut - verb 1 conjugation - in the endings you should write a letter E ,

The ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugation - in the endings you should write a letter And .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) offended..tsya

(patients) recover..t

sealed

(they) sit..t

Answer: offended

This is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND" relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

II conjugation

I conjugation

Heterogeneous

1) All verbs in -it,

Besides shave and lay .

2) and 11 more verbs:

Drive, hold

breathe, offend.

Hear, see, hate.

Depend and endure.

And also watch, turn .

You remember, friends,

them on -E- cannot be hidden.

1) all other verbs, except for non-conjugated ones;

2) plus verbs shave and lay

to want,

run,

honor

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written CLEARLY.

Open the brackets and write out this word.

We lived in poverty, constantly (NOT) EATING, exchanged for food those things that we brought with us.

My trained eye determined that the area was (NOT) DIVINED, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (NOT) CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo accepts (NOT) SOLD-OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is an (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: Undernourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underdeveloped, underdeveloped, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- denoting the achievement of the goal, bringing the action to the end ( to eat, to reach, to finish reading, to live ), and particles not-, which negates what "before" means ( miss, miss …).

Verbs with UNDER- The incompleteness of the action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is connected in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( underestimate, underestimate underestimate, underestimate ),

2) with a lack of length of something in time ( undersleep, undersleep, undersleep, undersleep ),

3) with an insufficient degree of intensity of action ( overlooked, overlooked, overlooked, overlooked ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among verbs with UNDER- there are those without NOT not used (n misunderstand, misunderstand, underutilize, underestimate, dislike, underhear, perplex, miss… ) Verbs to harass, to understand, to use up, to underestimate, to love, to hear, to understand, to count ... absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT With different parts speeches can be grouped as follows:

		Separately
	If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fiction	If there is a contrast with the union a Not true, but a lie
	If you can replace with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow	If at the word with NOT there are words far, at all, not at all, not at all, by no means a beauty
	There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one	With verbs and gerunds: didn't know, didn't know
		with prefixes *not + before* not completed do not watch the movie, do not take home She did not finish and fell silent.
		FROM short participles: not_ closed
		Pronouns HAVE a preposition With no one, with no one
Exceptions: not in measure, not as an example, not for good, not for haste, not to taste, not within the power, not to the inside, not from the hand, etc .; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, for nothing not about anything, not a bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (no one) - not one (many), never (never) - more than once (often).

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

Evidence research (BECAUSE OF preceded by the disclosure of the documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (SUPER)PERSONAL values on which the individual could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRSTLY , everything should be fair, so you need to share the booty (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE to the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed great fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.

The theater was (WHITE) STONE building with a high porch and AS (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPER PERSONAL » is written together, because

The first part of the compound adjective " IN EXCESS OF » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a union, it can be replaced by a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the underlined word belongs to.

Unions so that, also, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, because are written together; they can be replaced by synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar to these unions in sound what would, the same, the same, for that, at that, at what, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (or would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, than, so, that ) to be replaced with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: DUE TO = due to , IN VIEW = due to , ABOUT = about , TOGETHER = to , IN SPITE OF = despite .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = CONTINUED, UNLIKE, FINALLY , FOR .

For continuous, hyphenated or separate spelling of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: No news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during And(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. See the continuation And(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refer to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (although it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written HH.

The young officers appointed (1) to the regiment were spoiled (2) with a gentle attitude towards them during the training period and completely (3) did not know anything about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is a passive past participle should be written HH

1. The word "spoiled" is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that coincides in form with passive participles past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn

2. The word "True" - HH - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter H, and suffix H

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule H and HH in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of the word ends in H , and the suffix starts with H: raspberry(raspberry)

2.If noun. formed from adj., having HH, or from participle: soreness (painful), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: dowry

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one H : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, laborer

3. In words: purple (crimson), hemp (hemp), varenyk (boiled), smoked products (smoked), bone (bone), sophistication (tricky), Shrovetide (oily), fescue (oatmeal), hotel (living room), woodcutter (wood), cleverness (intelligent), great martyr

Adjective:

1. n. -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Youths (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunken, spicy (historical suf. - YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, uniform, vigorous .

In short adjectives, the same number is written n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

Н - НН IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except prefix not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix not-: wholemeal flour

2. No ¬, but there is AP: sifted flour

3. No ¬: seed flour

4. have a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb:

A solved problem (to decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks.

Women immediately hung up what was washed. (Suffering. adverb, since they retain the verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent sign-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. The same words in their direct meaning will be participles: titled play, finished work.

7. When the participle turns into an adjective, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: smart child, uninvited guest, named brother, imprisoned father, dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unseen, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, done, slow, awake, conceited, chased.

8. Spelling does not change in the composition compound words: golden-woven, broken-broken, The word everything as a whole matters adj. (high quality), not the value of "adj. + communion.

9. Brief participles: spoiled girl

SHOULD BE DISTINCTIVE

short adjective

The girl is brought up (herself is a short adjective). Can be replaced full adjective: educated.

Brief Communion

The girl was brought up in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short adverb. Replaced by the verb: the girl was brought up.

Impl. ? cr. moreover

The matter is considered (what?) from all sides. Thoughtful - predicate.

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communion with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal rocks.

3) In an excerpt from " Antonovsky apples» Bunin, one feels not so much the desire of the author to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty affairs.

4) Constant movement aspiration to other limits is the essence creative life and just about this Pasternak wrote in one of his poems.

5) In the morning, the east lit up with a blush and small clouds turned into a delicate color.

Answer: 2.3

2-sentence - repeated union OR with homogeneous members.

3rd sentence - union " as much as', which expresses collation under constraint; the same as " not to the extent...". The punctuation mark is placed between the parts of the sentence (before the second part of the union).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine which unions connect them:

if it is a single connecting or dividing union (and, or, either, yes (= and) , do not put a comma before it;

if it is a double union ( as ..., and; not so much ... as; not only but; though...but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of the double union;

If these are repeated unions, then a comma is placed only before those of them that are between homogeneous members;

A comma is always placed before opposing unions between homogeneous members.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and there is only one.

16. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two "parents" - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the "parents" (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participle turnover after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

The participial phrase answers questions which? which? which? what kind?;

The participle answers questions having done what? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a verb - a predicate; adverbial phrase answers questions as? when? why?

* punctuation in participial turnover depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

* the adverbial turnover is always distinguished in writing by commas;

*homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single union And, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find in the sentence involved and adverbial phrases by correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial turnover occupies ( BEFORE- not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word - highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the union AND, expressed by participial or participial phrases. A comma is not put before the union And.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participles and participles.

	Participial	Participial turnover.
	stands out participial turnover, which has the meaning of reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset by his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of the reason).	Not highlighted single adverbs after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the mode of action, and also close in function to adverbs: He walked limping. Reading lying down is harmful.
	Not separated by comma homogeneous participle and participle turnovers connected by a single connecting or dividing union: Pletnev's disinterestedness, who worked for the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin's phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and not saying a word.
	Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING FROM, STARTING FROM(they can be omitted without prejudice to the meaning): We start work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include adverbial phrases are not distinguished: They listened to his story WITH HOLDING THE BREATH.

17. Put in all the missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) o snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a child of light

Or a flower from the meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) under horse snores

Hug with a neighboring bush.

Raise w (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness in heaven with a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 - this is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of the syntactic construction. Use the technique of excluding highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check if the highlighted words are introductory.

Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

Homonymous with the introductory words, the members of the sentence cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic construction; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, in the end, it seems to be, hardly, anyway, after all, even, exactly, sometimes, as it were, besides, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely, probably, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, let, decisively, nevertheless, only, supposedly.

18. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

It was as if Chekhov could not keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius snatched everywhere (4) so he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1,4 - adnexal clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical foundations of the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help to identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with adjectives, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate part, but in the middle of it, therefore A comma is not placed before the allied word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word "which"

4. Attention to the union And). Determine what it connects: parts complex sentence- comma, homogeneous members of the sentence - no comma.

19. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no passage (5) and you see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamer over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3 - the subordinate clause ends, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-ended clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic construction.

3. See how these parts are connected.

4. Find out if the offer contains Union And , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· if homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not put;

· if parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions side by side: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

A comma between unions is NOT put if words go further in the sentence then yes, but

A comma is placed between unions, if not THAT, YES, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was covered with evil clouds, the rain sadly beat on the glass and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, he stood by the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the weeping sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a mass of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys ... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) And it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter ... "

(10) Judas took out right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave rise to this scourge. (14) And for what, one asks, for what?

(15) He took out his left hand and mournfully passed it over his face.

(16) “But how easy it would be to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger.” (17 Here, for example, there is a rich funeral procession. a mile away a line of carriages. (19) Torchbearers importantly act with lanterns. (20) Cardboard emblems dangle on horses: an important person is buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not ... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, you can’t give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; says the kids are sick, they need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be a bit much. (29) Do not give more than five, otherwise we will burn out like that. (30) Just take a good look around, if there are any holes and if there are spots left where ... (31) “Well, sir, so here it is - life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind a rich hearse stretches a cart, onto which a pine coffin is piled. (33) Behind her weaving, slapping through the mud, only one old woman. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her breadwinner son in the grave ... (35) And ask if that lady who is sitting in the carriage will give her at least a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although he may express his condolences ... (37) What else is there?

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat ... how much to give?

- (39) Rabbit fur ... (40) Nothing, strong, it costs five rubles. (41) Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, is forward ... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t care ... "

(44) Judas pressed his forehead against the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

* Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, older brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semenovich Iudin - one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who took the suit to the pawnshop had sick children.

3) In the city pawnshop of Judah, interest is taken forward.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to hand over a hare coat, as she was very poor and she needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

Read the text carefully

Find in it a confirmation or refutation of a particular statement

・Choose the correct answers

Consider how you can apply this algorithm to perform this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (offer No. 2)

The assertion made in the fourth variant of the answer, is directly opposite to what the author says in the text itself. So this answer wrong.

In the fifth version the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need money for the funeral

So answer number 5 is also incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says that the kids are sick, they need to be treated” (sentence 27). it loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, is forward ...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11-14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Task execution algorithm:

Read carefully the suggested passages;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (his characteristic)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The story tells about the actions, deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, proof, conclusion.

Attention! Not always in the passage there is a pronounced thesis. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this discussion, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, he stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin.”

The fragment describes the pose, clothing. We "see" this hero.

So this correct answer

2) Sentences 11-14 present the narrative.

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, humanity. It has introductory word, rhetorical question. So, uh then reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in Propositions 21-22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life? (22) Did you warm the poor? (23) Of course not ... tinsel! Question, question and answer. it correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her breadwinner son in the grave ... (35) And ask if that lady who is sitting in the carriage will give her at least a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although he may express his condolences ...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness, condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judas pressed his forehead against the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, tears came out. So this answer incorrect, this is narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45 write out antonyms (antonymic pair).

Task execution algorithm:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, differing in spelling and sound, and meaning directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are an individual stylistic use of a particular word ... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymous relations to each other. So, in the context of A. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", the words "wave" and "stone", "poetry" and "prose", "ice" and "flame" are antonyms..

3. Determine the specified lexical unit

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t care ... "

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: the poor, the rich

23. Among sentences 15-23, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Recall what conjunctions are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating union

2. Remember the ranks of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence has both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), no-no, too, also

opposing but, but, yes (= but), but, however, the same

Dividing or, either, something, or ... or, not that ... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

	Unit hours / many h.


	he, she, it/they

Case forms

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM match with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

By initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, him, them books (R. p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, him, them.

Therefore, they are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard emblems dangle on horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed in tasks 20-23. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds low, but at the same time firm and distinct. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, a competent selection of visual and expressive means. In the presented fragment, it is worth noting the trope - (A) __________ (“evil clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), the lexical means - (B) __________ (“hang out” in sentence 20, “burn out” in sentence 29 , “weaves, spanking ...” in sentence 33), the syntactic means is (B) __________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (D) __________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

We divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first question:mark trail.

trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative sense.

We recall the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litote, irony, paraphrase.

We look at which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

We recall the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a kind of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotionally evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche do not fit.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street"- this is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition, expressed by an adjective.

Therefore, this epithet.

In the second task we are talking about lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech the character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseological units and colloquial vocabulary are second group

The words “hang out”, “burn out”, “weaves, spanking ...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: #4

In task "B" they ask about the syntactic means.

We recall the syntactic means of expression, and look at what is in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of a sentence.

The list of terms includes:

Antithesis - a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences - a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the intentional repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of the sentence - enumerated actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the proposal - this is the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the weeping sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Hence, answer #6

Task "G" I propose to perform by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) rows of homogeneous members of the proposal

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well, yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are.

The text is built on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2

We fill in the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite source text without any

Topic: Number encoding. Number systems.

What you need to know:

4 3 2 1 0 ← ranks

1 2 3 4 5 N = 1 N 4 + 2 · N 3 + 3 · N 2 + 4 · N 1 + 5 · N 0

the last digit of a number in the base number system
is the remainder of dividing this number by

the last two digits are the remainder after dividing by
, etc.

the number 10 N is written as a one and N zeros:

the number 10 N -1 is written as N nines:

the number 10 N -10 M = 10 M (10 N - M - 1) is written as N- M nines behind which stand M zeros:

the number 2 N in the binary system is written as a unit and N zeros:

the number 2 N -1 in binary is written as N units:

number 2 N – 2 K at K < N in binary system is written as N– K units and K zeros:

because , we get
, whence it follows that

the number 3 N is written in the ternary system as a unit and N zeros:

the number 3 N -1 is written in the ternary system as N deuces:

the number 3 N - 3 M = 3 M (3 N - M - 1) is written in the ternary system as N- M twos behind which are M zeros:

similar conclusions can be drawn for any number system with base a :

R-22. The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 8 + 3 5 – 9

recorded in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

Solution:

we reduce all the terms to the form 3 N and arrange them in descending order of degrees:

9 8 + 3 5 – 9 = 3 16 + 3 5 – 3 2

the first term, 3 16 , gives one unit in ternary notation - it does not interest us

pair 3 5 – 3 2 gives 5 - 2 = 3 deuces

Answer: 3 .

R-21. How many significant zeros are there in binary notation
4 512 + 8 512 – 2 128 – 250

General idea : the number of significant zeros is equal to the number of all digits in the binary notation of the number (its length!) minus the number of ones

let's reduce all numbers to powers of two, given that 250 = 256 - 4 - 2 = 2 8 - 2 2 - 2 1:

4 512 + 8 512 – 2 128 – 250 = (2 2 ) 512 + (2 3) 512 – 2 128 – 2 8 + 2 2 + 2 1 =

2 1536 + 2 1024 – 2 128 – 2 8 + 2 2 + 2 1

2 1536 + 2 1024 – 2 129 + 2 128 – 2 8 + 2 2 + 2 1

there are two couples here N – 2 K

total number units is 1 + (1024 - 129) + (128 - 8) + 1 + 1 = 1018

so the number of significant zeros is 1537 - 1018 = 519

response: 519 .

R-20
4 2015 + 8 405 – 2 150 – 122

Solution (method of E.A. Smirnova, Nizhny Novgorod Region):

2 4030 + 2 1215 – 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1

there are two minus signs in a row, this does not allow you to immediately use the formula

2 4030 + 2 1215 – 2 151 + 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1

there are two couples here N – 2 K, and the remaining terms give one unit each

the total number of ones is 1 + (1215 - 151) + (150 - 7) + 1 + 1 = 1210

response: 1210 .

Solution (S.O. Kurov, Moscow):

let's reduce all numbers to powers of two, given that 122 = 128 - 4 - 2 = 2 7 - 2 2 - 2 1:

4 2015 + 8 405 – 2 150 – 122 = (2 2 ) 2015 + (2 3) 405 – 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1 =

2 4030 + 2 1215 – 2 150 – 2 7 + 2 2 + 2 1

looking for in differences the extreme left power of two and the extreme right 2 1215 - 2 7, while 2 150 "lose" for a while

we determine the number of units in the difference 2 1215 - 2 7, we get 1215 - 7 \u003d 1208 units

since “inside” this difference there are 2150 more, then we simply subtract one unit: 1208 - 1 = 1207; total in the difference 2 1215 - 2 150 - 2 7 exactly 1207 units

it remains to add one unit from the numbers 2 4030, 2 2, 2 1

Answer: 1210

R-19. Solve the Equation
.

Solution:

Let's convert all the numbers to the decimal number system:

Collecting everything into one equation, we get

this equation has two solutions, 6 and -8; base of the number system natural number so the answer is 6

we translate the answer into the ternary system: 6 = 2∙3 1 = 20 3 .

answer: 20 .

R-18. How many ones are in the binary notation of a number
4 2014 + 2 2015 – 8

Solution:

Let's convert all numbers to powers of two:

4 2014 + 2 2015 – 8 = (2 2 ) 2014 + 2 2015 – 2 3 = 2 4028 + 2 2015 – 2 3

R-17. How many ones are in the binary notation of a number
4 2016 + 2 2018 – 8 600 + 6

Solution:

let's reduce all numbers to powers of two by decomposing 6 as 2 2 +2 1

4 2016 + 2 2018 – 8 600 + 6 = (2 2 ) 2016 + 2 2018 - (2 3) 600 + 2 2 + 2 1 = 2 4032 + 2 2018 – 2 1800 + 2 2 + 2 1

R-16. How many ones are in the binary notation of a number
4 2016 – 2 2018 + 8 800 – 80

Solution:

we select from this value the last unit with the following 2018 zeros as a separate term (number 2 2018):

where number K contains 382 units in high order; Thus, the number of interest to us is equal to

according to paragraph 2, the number 2 2018 - 2 6 will be written as 2012 units and 6 zeros; we also select the last unit followed by zeros as a separate term:

where number L contains 2011 units

now it remains to find how many units there will be in the binary notation of the number 2 6 - 2 4, according to paragraph 2, we find that it contains 2 units

so the total number of ones is 382 + 2011 + 2 = 2395

answer: 2395 .

Solution (method 2, E.A. Smirnov, Nizhny Novgorod region):

let's reduce all numbers to powers of two by decomposing 80 as 2 6 +2 4

4 2016 – 2 2018 + 8 800 – 80 = (2 2 ) 2016 – 2 2018 + (2 3) 800 – 2 2 – 2 1 = 2 4032 – 2 2018 + 2 2400 – 2 6 – 2 4

rearrange the terms in order of decreasing powers of two

2 4032 + 2 2400 – 2 2018 – 2 6 – 2 4

imagine – 2 2018 = – 2 2019 + 2 2018 and – 2 6 = – 2 7 + 2 6

2 4032 + 2 2400 – 2 2019 + 2 2018 – 2 7 + 2 6 – 2 4

answer: 2395

Solution (method 3, A.I. Kozlov, Severobaikalsk):

let's reduce all numbers to powers of two by decomposing 80 as 2 6 +2 4

4 2016 – 2 2018 + 8 800 – 80 = (2 2 ) 2016 – 2 2018 + (2 3) 800 – 2 2 – 2 1 = 2 4032 – 2 2018 + 2 2400 – 2 6 – 2 4

rearrange the terms in order of decreasing powers of two

2 4032 + 2 2400 – 2 2018 – 2 6 – 2 4

the expression 2 2400 –2 4 gives 2396 units and 4 zeros at the end, from which we cross out (replace with zero) the one, which is in seventh place from the right (2 6) and, accordingly, in 2019 place on the right (2 2018). Therefore, there are 2394 units left.

Given that 24032 gives us one unit, we end up with 2395 units

Answer: 2395

R-15. Solve the Equation
.

Solution:

R-14. The record of a decimal number in number systems with bases 3 and 5 in both cases has the last digit 0. What is the minimum natural decimal number that satisfies this requirement?

Solution:

if the notation of a number in the base N number system ends with 0, then this number is evenly divisible by N

therefore, in this problem it is required to find the smallest natural number that is divisible by both 3 and 5, that is, is divisible by 15

obviously the number is 15 .

R-13. Writing the number 67 10 in a number system with base N ends in 1 and contains 4 digits. Specify the base of this number system N.

Solution:

R-12. Recording the number 381 10 in a number system with base N ends in 3 and contains 3 digits. Indicate the largest possible base of this number system N.

Solution:

R-11. 25, whose record in the base four number system ends in 11?

General Approach:

Solution (option 1, via decimal):

general form of numbers that give a remainder of 5 when divided by 16:

where - whole non-negative number (0, 1, 2, …)

Possible Pitfalls and Problems :

Solution (option 2, through the quaternary system, proposed by O.A. Tuzova):

let's translate 25 into a quaternary number system: 25 \u003d 121 4, all numbers of interest to us are not greater than this value

of these numbers, we select only those that end in 11, there are only two such numbers:
it's 11 4 = 5 and 111 4 = 21

thus, the correct answer is 5, 21.

Possible Pitfalls and Problems :

there is a risk of accidentally “forgetting” some number or finding “extra” (in this case, more than 25)

you can make mistakes when translating numbers from the quaternary system to decimal, or even “forget” to translate

R-10. 23ends with 2.

General Approach:

Solution:

(*)

where

Possible Pitfalls and Problems :

R-9. Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the notation of the number 31ends with 11.

General Approach:

2 1 0 ← digits

31 = k 1 1 N = k · N 2 + N 1 + N 0 = k N 2 + N + 1

4 3 2 1 0 ← digits

31=k 4 k 3 k 2 1 1 N = k 4 N 4 + k 3 · N 3 + k 2 · N 2 + N 1 + N 0

= k N 2 + N + 1

for
(from the first three terms taken out common factor
)

Solution:

(**)

where – integer non-negative number (0, 1, 2, …);

R-8. Indicate how many times the number 2 occurs in the notation of the numbers 10, 11, 12, ..., 17 in the number system with base 5.

Solution (option 1):

write the first and last number in the given range in the number system with base 5:

10 = 2 0 5 , 17 = 32 5 .

note that both of them contain the digit 2, so we have already found 2 digits

between 20 5 and 32 5 there are more numbers

2 1 5 , 22 5 , 2 3 5 , 2 4 5 , 30 5 , 31 5 .

there are 5 digits 2 in them (in the number 22 5 there are two deuces at once), so in total the number 2 occurs 7 times

so the correct answer is 7.

Possible Pitfalls and Problems :

we must not forget that in the number system with base 5, the highest digit is 4, that is, after 24 5 follows 30 5

remember that you need to determine not the number of numbers in which there is a two, but the number of twos themselves

you can not pay attention to the fact that in the number 22 5 number 2 occurs 2 times

Solution (option 2):

let's translate all the indicated numbers into a number system with base 5:

10 = 2 0 5 , 11 = 2 1 5 , 12 = 22 5 , 13 = 2 3 5 , 14 = 2 4 5 , 15 = 30 5 , 16 = 31 5 , 17 = 32 5 .

counting the numbers 2 - it turns out 7 pieces

so the correct answer is 7.

R-7. Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the notation of the number 30 is three-digit.

Solution:

the minimum of these values is 4

so the correct answer is 4.

Solution (no selection):

perform steps 1-4 in the same way as in the previous solution

find the first integer whose cube is greater than 30; it's 4 because

R-6. Specify, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers that do not exceed 30, whose record in the base 5 number system begins with 3?

Solution ( option 1):

all of them are certainly no less
, so they do not fall into our range;

thus, it remains to consider only one-digit and two-digit numbers

there is only one digit number that starts with 3, that's 3

the general form of all two-digit numbers starting with 3 in the base 5 system:

where - an integer from the set (0, 1, 2,3,4) (since the number system has a base of 5 and digits greater than 4, there cannot be a number in the record)

using this formula, we find the two-digit numbers of interest to us - 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19

thus, the correct answer is 3, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.

Solution (option 2, proposed by Senkina T.S., Komsomolsk-on-Amur):

R-05. Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 71 ends in 13.

Solution (1 way):

here we set

or equivalent

relatively

so the first answer is: 68 .

Possible Pitfalls and Problems :

at step 1, you need to subtract from the number only the number of ones, that is, the least significant of the two given digits (in the example - 3)

you can forget to consider a two-digit number written in the numbers specified in the condition (in the example - 13 x), and skip the maximum base

must be remembered that

the maximum digit is 1 less than the base of the number system

100 in base systemp equals p 2

R-04. Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 86 ends in 22.

Solution (1 way):

here we set
– smallest allowable value

or equivalent

relatively , and we are only interested in natural numbers

Solution (method 2, M.V. Kuznetsova and her students):

so the first answer is: 42 .

R-03. Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 94 begins with 23.

Solution:

R-2. Find the sum of octal numbers 17 8 +170 8 +1700 8 +...+1700000 8 , translate into the 16th number system. Find in the entry a number equal to this amount, the third digit from the left.

Solution:

It is easy to perform direct addition of octal numbers, a pattern is quickly found there:

17 8 + 170 8 = 207 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 = 2107 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 + 17000 8 = 21107 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 + 17000 8 + 170000 8 = 211107 8

17 8 + 170 8 + 1700 8 + 17000 8 + 170000 8 + 1700000 8 = 2111107 8

Let's translate the last sum through triads into binary code (replace each octal digit with 3 binary ones):

10001 001001 001000 111 2

Now we break the chain into tetrads (groups of 4 binary digits), starting from the right, and represent each tetrad as a hexadecimal digit

1000 10010010 01000111 2

8 9 2 4 7

Thus, the correct answer (third digit from the left): 2.

R-01. What is the smallest base of the positional number system , at which 225 x = 405 y ? Write your answer as an integer.

Solution:

so
.

R-00. Writing the number 30 10 in a number system with base N ends in 0 and contains 4 digits. What is the base of this number system N?

Solution (1 way, selection):

the number 30 in base N is longer than in decimal (4 digits versus two), so base N is less than 10

this gives a chance to solve the problem by the selection method, translating into different systems, starting from N = 2 to N = 9

we translate:

it can be checked that for N ≥ 4, the entry of the number 30 contains less than 4 digits, that is, it does not satisfy the condition

Answer: 3 .

Solution (2 way, inequalities):

the notation of the number 30 in the system with base N contains exactly 4 digits if and only if the most significant digit is the third, that is

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 22 ends in 4.

In a number system with some base, the number 12 is written as 110. Specify this base.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 39 ends in 3.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 29 ends in 5.

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 129 is written as 1004. Specify this base.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 40 ends in 4.

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 25 is written as 100. Find this base.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 27 ends in 3.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 26, the record of which in the ternary number system ends in 22?

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 30, the record of which in the quaternary number system ends in 31?

Indicate, separated by a comma, in ascending order, all decimal natural numbers not exceeding 17, the record of which in the ternary number system ends in two identical digits?

Indicate how many times the number 3 occurs in the notation of the numbers 19, 20, 21, ..., 33 in the number system with base 6.

Indicate how many times the number 1 occurs in the notation of the numbers 12, 13, 14, ..., 31 in the number system with base 5.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 23 ends in 1.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 63 ends in 23.

A decimal number converted to octal and decimal ends in both cases with the digit 0. What is the minimum natural number that satisfies this condition?

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 49 is written as 100. Specify this base.

Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the notation of the number 70 is three-digit.

Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the notation of the number 50 is two-digit.

How significant figures in the notation of the decimal number 357 in the number system with base 7?

Indicate, separated by a comma, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 25, the entry of which in the base 6 number system begins with 4?

Indicate, separated by a comma, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 20, the record of which in the number system with base 3 begins with 2?

What decimal number, when written in the base 5 number system, is represented as 1234 5 ?

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 25, the entry of which in the binary system ends in 101?

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry for the number 30 ends in 8.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 31 ends in 4.

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 83 is written as 123. Specify this base.

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 144 is written as 264. Specify this base.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 35 ends in 8.

Indicate, separated by a comma, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 20, the entry of which in the binary system ends in 110?

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 15, the record of which in the ternary number system ends in 21?

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 40, the entry of which in the binary system ends in 1011?

The decimal number is a multiple of 16. What minimal amount Will there be zeros at the end of this number after converting it to the binary number system?

In a number system with some base, the decimal number 18 is written as 30. Specify this base.

Indicate how many times the number 3 occurs in the notation of the numbers 13, 14, 15, ..., 23 in the number system with base 4.

Indicate how many times the number 2 occurs in the notation of the numbers 13, 14, 15, ..., 23 in the number system with base 3.

There are 100 fruit trees in the garden - 14 apple trees and 42 pears. Find the base of the number system in which these numbers are indicated.

Find the base of the number system in which the addition is performed: 144 + 24 = 201.

Find the base of the number system in which the multiplication is performed: 3 213 = 1043.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 20, the record of which in the number system with base 5 ends in 3?

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all decimal numbers not exceeding 100, the record of which in the base 5 number system ends in 11?

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 75 ends in 13.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 84 ends in 14.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 61 ends in 15.

Find a decimal number x such that 20< x < 30, запись которого в системе счисления с основанием 3 заканчивается на 11.

The entry of the number 65 8 in some number system looks like this: 311 N .

Writing the number 30 in some number system looks like this: 110 N . Find the base of the number system N.

The entry of the number 2B 16 in some number system looks like this: 111 N . Find the base of the number system N.

Writing the number 23 in some number system looks like this: 212 N . Find the base of the number system N.

The entry of the number 210 5 in some number system looks like this: 313 N . Find the base of the number system N.

Indicate the smallest base of the number system in which the notation of the number 50 is three-digit.

Indicate, separated by commas, in ascending order, all the bases of the number systems in which the entry of the number 34 8 ends in 20.

The entry of the number 344 in some number system looks like this: 1A 8 N . Find the base of the number system N.

Two zeros were added to the record of a natural number in the octal number system on the right. How many times has the number increased? Write your answer in decimal notation.

The entry of the number 281 in the number system with base N contains 3 digits and ends in 1. What is the maximum possible base of the number system?

The entry of the number 234 in the number system with base N contains 3 digits and ends in 6. What is the base of the number system?

The entry of the number 338 in the number system with base N contains 3 digits and ends in 2. What is the maximum possible base of the number system?

The entry of the number 256 in the number system with base N contains 3 digits and ends in 4. What is the smallest possible base of the number system?

The entry of the number 325 in the number system with base N contains 3 digits and ends in 1. What is the smallest possible base of the number system?

The entry for the number 180 in the number system with base N contains 3 digits and ends in 0. List in ascending order all possible bases of the number system.

The entry for the number 280 in the number system with base N contains 3 digits and ends in 0. List in ascending order all possible bases of the number system.

The record of a natural number in base 4 and 6 number systems ends with 0. Find the minimum natural number that satisfies these conditions.

The decimal number 71 in some number system is written as "78". Determine the base of the number system.

The decimal number 70 in some number system is written as "64". Determine the base of the number system.

The decimal number 57 in some number system is written as "212". Determine the base of the number system.

The decimal number 109 in some number system is written as "214". Determine the base of the number system.

Solve the Equation
.
Write your answer in quaternary number system. The base of the number system is not required.

Solve the Equation
.
Write your answer in hexadecimal number system. The base of the number system is not required.

(http :// age . yandex . en ) The decimal number 63 in some number system is written as 120. Determine the base of the number system.

(http :// age . yandex . en ) The decimal number 57 in some number system is written as 212. Determine the base of the number system.

(http :// age . yandex . en ) In the number system with base N, the entry of the number 77 ends in 0, and the entry of the number 29 ends in 1. What is the number N equal to?

In some number system, the entries decimal numbers 56 and 45 end in 1. Determine the base of the number system.

In some number system, the entries for decimal numbers 68 and 94 end in 3. Determine the base of the number system.

In some number system, the entries for decimal numbers 41 and 63 end in 8. Determine the base of the number system.

In some number system, the entries for decimal numbers 56 and 124 end in 5. Determine the base of the number system.

The number entry 68 10 in the number system with base N ends in 2 and contains 4 digits. What is the base of this number system N?

Solve the Equation
.
Write your answer in ternary number system. The base of the number system is not required.

The base 6 number N has two digits, the base 5 number has three digits, and the base 11 number ends in 1. What is N? Write your answer in decimal.

Base 7 notation N has two digits, base 6 notation has three digits, and base 13 notation ends in 3. What is N? Write your answer in decimal notation.

Solve the Equation
.
Write your answer in hexadecimal number system. The base of the number system is not required.

Solve the Equation
.
Write your answer in septimal number system. The base of the number system is not required.

Solve the Equation
.
Write your answer in hexadecimal number system. The base of the number system is not required.

In the number system with base N, the notation of the number 79 ends in 2, and the notation of the number 111 ends in 1. What is the number N?

In the number system with base N, the number 41 ends in 2, and the number 131 ends in 1. What is the number N?

In the number system with base N, the notation of the number 58 ends in 2, and the notation of the number 108 ends in 3. What is the number N?

How many ones are there in the binary notation of 8 1023 + 2 1024 - 3?

How many units are there in binary notation for the number 4 2016 + 2 2018 - 6?

How many units are there in binary notation for the number 4 2014 + 2 2015 - 9?

How many units are there in binary notation for the number 4 2015 + 2 2015 - 15?

How many units are in the binary notation of the number 8 2014 - 2614 + 45?

How many units are in the binary notation of the number 8 1014 - 2 530 - 12?

How many units are in the binary notation of the number 2 2014 - 4 650 - 38?

How many units are in the binary notation of the number 4 2018 + 8305 - 2130 - 120?

How many ones are in the binary notation of the number 8 2018 - 4 1305 + 2 124 - 58?

How many ones are there in the binary notation of 84024 - 41605 + 21024 - 126?

How many ones are there in the binary notation of 8502 - 4211 + 21536 - 19?

How many ones are in the binary notation of the number 8415 - 4162 + 2543 - 25?

How many ones are in the binary notation of the number 8115 - 4123 + 2543 - 15?

How many ones are there in binary notation of the number 8125 - 4156 + 2632 - 7?

How many ones are in the binary notation of the number 8148 - 4123 + 2654 - 17?

How many units are in the binary notation of the number (2 4400 - 1) (4 2200 + 2)?

How many significant zeros are in the binary notation for the number 4350 + 8340 - 2320 - 12?

How many significant zeros are in the binary notation for the number 4590 + 8350 - 21020 - 25?

How many significant zeros are in the binary notation for the number 4230 + 8120 - 2150 - 100?

How many significant zeros are in the binary representation of 4 1024 + 8 1025 - 2 1026 - 140?

How many significant zeros are there in binary notation for the number 4 2015 + 8 2016 - 2 2017 - 150?

Solve the Equation

Solve the Equation
. Write your answer in decimal notation.

How many significant zeros are in the binary notation for the number 8740 - 2900 + 7?

How many significant zeros are in the binary notation of 8820 - 2760 + 14?

How many significant zeros are in the binary notation of 8560 - 2234 + 56?

How many ones are there in binary notation for the number 8 2020 + 4 2017 + 2 6 - 1?

How many significant zeros are in the binary representation of the number 4 16 + 2 36 - 16?

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from decimal system numerals were transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8, 4, 2. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are marked with *:

X=E* 16 = *5* 8 = ***1 4 = *****1** 2

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16 and 8. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are marked with *:

X=1*0 16 = 56* 8

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8, 4. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are marked with *:

X= *7* 16 = 5*6 8 = ***1* 4

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8, 2. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are marked with *:

X=10****** 2 = *4* 8 = *2 16

Determine the number X .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X and Y A* 16 and 1*3 8 . Write the sign in your answer. < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X and Y from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are indicated by *. Compare numbers F * 16 and 33* 8 . Write the sign in your answer. < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X and Y from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are indicated by *. Compare numbers 18 * 16 and 72 * 8 . Write the sign in your answer. < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some numbers X and Y from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are indicated by *. Compare numbers 34 * 16 and 16 ** 8 . Write the sign in your answer. < , sign > or sign = .

(E.A. Mironchik

X=*** 16 = 4*2 8 .

(E.A. Mironchik) Some number X from the decimal number system was transferred to number systems with bases 16, 8. Some of the characters were lost during recording. The positions of the lost characters are indicated by *:

X= 3 * 9 16 = 1 * * 8 .

How many numbers match the condition of the problem?

X = *A 16 = * * * 8 .

How many numbers match the condition of the problem?

X = * E 16 = 2 * 6 8 .

How many numbers match the condition of the problem?

X = * 5 16 = *

(E.V. junk) Find the bases of number systems X and Y if it is known that 87 X =73Y and 62 X =52Y. write down the number made up of numbers in the answer Y and X written in a row without spaces. For example, if X= 13 and Y= 15 , the response will be written as 1513.

How many significant zeros are in decimal notation numbers 100 2020 20 –10 15 +10?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 49 12 - 7 10 + 7 8 - 49 was written in a number system with base 7. How many digits "6" are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 27 4 - 9 5 + 3 8 - 25 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 3∙16 8 - 4 5 + 3 was written in the number system with base 4. How many digits "3" are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 2∙9 10 - 3 5 + 5 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 5∙36 7 + 6 10 - 36 was written in the number system with base 6. How many digits "5" are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 4∙125 4 - 25 4 + 9 was written in the number system with base 5. How many digits "4" are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 2∙27 7 + 3 10 - 9 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "0" are contained in this entry?

(M.V. Kuznetsova) The value of the arithmetic expression: 4∙25 4 - 5 4 + 14 was written in the number system with base 5. What is the sum of the digits contained in this entry? Give your answer in decimal.

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 8 + 3 5 - 2 - was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

In the number system with base N, the entry of the number 87 ends in 2 and contains at least three digits. What is the number N?

In the number system with base N, the entry of the number 87 ends in 2 and contains no more than two digits. What is the number N? If the problem has multiple solutions, choose the smallest one.

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 - 5 was written in a number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 - 15 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 - 25 was written in a number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 20 + 3 60 - 125 was written in a number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 8 + 3 24 - 6 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 8 + 3 24 - 18 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 22 + 3 66 - 12 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 22 + 3 66 - 18 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 7 + 3 21 - 9 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

The value of the arithmetic expression: 9 7 + 3 21 - 19 was written in the number system with base 3. How many digits "2" are contained in this entry?

Quest sources:

Demo USE options 2004-2016

Training work of MIOO and Statgrad.

Guseva I.Yu. USE. Informatics: handout practice tests. - St. Petersburg: Trigon, 2009.

Samylkina N.N., Ostrovskaya E.M. Informatics: training tasks. – M.: Eksmo, 2009.

Yakushkin P.A., Leshchiner V.R., Kirienko D.P. USE 2010. Informatics. Typical test tasks. - M: Exam, 2010.

Krylov S.S., Leshchiner V.R., Yakushkin P.A. USE-2010. Informatics. Universal materials for the preparation of students / ed. V.R. Leshchiner / FIPI. - M.: Intellect-center, 2010.

Yakushkin P.A., Ushakov D.M. The most complete edition of typical options for real tasks of the Unified State Examination 2010. Informatics. - M.: Astrel, 2009.

M.E. Abrahamyan, S.S. Mikhalkovich, Ya.M. Rusanova, M.I. Cherdyntsev. Informatics. USE step by step. - M .: Research Institute of School Technologies, 2010.

Churkina T.E. USE 2011. Informatics. Thematic training tasks. - M.: Eksmo, 2010.

Informatics and ICT: USE-2012. - St. Petersburg: Education, 2012.

Krylov S.S., Ushakov D.M. USE 2015. Informatics. Thematic test tasks. - M.: Exam, 2015.

Ushakov D.M. USE-2015. Informatics. 20 standard options for examination papers to prepare for the exam. - M.: Astrel, 2014.

File for lesson 30

Task 1.2. A ticket to the exhibition costs 200 rubles, and there is a 20% discount for group visits. How many schoolchildren will be able to visit the exhibition if the parent committee allocated 2,300 rubles for this? Answer: 14

Task 1.3. The patient is prescribed a medicine to be taken 0.5 g 4 times a day for 16 days. In one package there are 10 medicine tablets of 0.5 g each. What is the smallest number of packages that will be enough for the entire course of treatment? Answer: 7

Task 1.4 There are 500 sheets of A4 paper in a pack. 1200 sheets are used in the office per week. What is the smallest amount of reams of paper that will last 3 weeks? Answer: 8.

Task 1.5 A train ticket for an adult costs 720 rubles. The ticket price for a student is 50% of the ticket price for an adult. The group consists of 15 students and 2 adults. How much are tickets for the whole group? Answer: 6840.

Task 1.6. Income tax is 13% of wages. After withholding income tax, Maria Konstantinovna received 9,570 rubles. How many rubles is wage Maria Konstantinovna? Answer: 11,000.

Task 1.7 The Moscow-Syktyvkar train leaves at 14:01 and arrives at 16:01 the next day (Moscow time). How many hours does the train travel?
Answer: 26.

Task 1.8 At school French 124 students are studying, which is 25% of all students in the school. How many students are in the school? Answer: 496.

Task 1.9 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity costs 1 ruble 90 kopecks. The electricity meter on June 1 showed 14,700 kilowatt-hours, and on July 1 it showed 14,892 kilowatt-hours. How many rubles do you need to pay for electricity in June? Answer: 364.8.

Task 1.10 The aircraft's navigation system informs the passenger that the flight is at an altitude of 35,000 feet. Express the altitude in meters. Consider that 1 foot is equal to 30.5 cm. Answer: 10,675.

Task 1.11 Pavel Ivanovich bought an American car, the speedometer of which shows the speed in miles per hour. What is the car's speed in kilometers per hour if the speedometer reads 49 miles per hour? Consider that 1 mile is equal to 1609 m. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Answer: 79.

schoolchildren.

Answer: 315

Task 2.1. In the figure, thick dots show the average monthly air temperature in Sochi for each month in 1920. Months are indicated horizontally, temperatures are indicated vertically in degrees Celsius. For clarity, bold dots are connected by a line.

Determine from the figure the difference between the highest and lowest average monthly temperatures for the specified period. Answer in degrees Celsius. Answer: 20

Task 2.2 The graph shows the process of warming up the engine of a car. The abscissa shows the time in minutes that has elapsed since the engine was started, the ordinate shows the engine temperature in degrees Celsius. Determine from the graph how many minutes the engine heated up from a temperature of 60 ° to a temperature of 90 °. Answer: 3

Answer: 3

Task 3.1 A trapezoid is depicted on checkered paper with cells measuring 1 cm × 1 cm (see figure). Find its area in square centimeters. Answer:10

Task 3.2 Find (in cm 2) the area S of the shaded figure depicted on checkered paper with a cell size of 1 cm by 1 cm (see figure). Write in your answer. Answer: 0.5

Task 3.3 Find (in cm 2) the area S of the shaded figure depicted on checkered paper with a cell size of 1 cm 1 cm (see figure). Write in your answer. Answer: 0.25

Task 3.4 Find the area of a triangle drawn on checkered paper with a cell size of 1 cm x 1 cm (see figure). Give your answer in square centimeters. Answer: 9

Answer: 0,125

Task 4.1 The competition of performers is held in 4 days. A total of 80 performances are announced - one from each country participating in the competition. A performer from Russia is participating in the competition. There are 14 performances on the first day, the rest are distributed equally among the remaining days. The order of performances is determined by a draw. What is the probability that the performance of the representative of Russia will take place on the third day of the competition? Answer: 0.275

Task 4.2 Before the start of the first round of the chess championship, the participants are randomly divided into game pairs by drawing lots. In total, 26 chess players participate in the championship, including 18 athletes from Russia, including Fedor Volkov. Find the probability that in the first round Fedor Volkov will play with any chess player from Russia. Answer: 0.68.

Task 4.3 8 athletes from Argentina, 6 athletes from Brazil, 5 athletes from Paraguay and 6 from Uruguay participate in the shot put competitions. The order in which the athletes compete is determined by lot. Find the probability that the last player to compete is from Argentina. Answer: 0.32

Task 4.4 Two identical vending machines sell coffee in the mall. The vending machines are serviced in the evenings after the center closes. It is known that the probability of the event “By the evening the first machine will run out of coffee” is 0.25. The same probability of the event "By the evening the second machine will run out of coffee." The probability that both vending machines will run out of coffee by the evening is 0.15. Find the probability that by the evening of the day there will be coffee left in both vending machines. Answer: 0.65.

Task 4.5. There are 21 students in the class, among them two friends - Vadim and Oleg. Students are randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Find the probability that Vadim and Oleg are in the same group. Answer: 0.3.

Task 4.6 The factory produces bags. On average, 4 out of 160 bags have hidden defects. Find the probability that the purchased bag will be free of defects. Answer: 0.975.

Task 4.7 Before the start of a volleyball match, the team captains draw fair lots to determine which team will start the ball game. The Stator team takes turns playing with the Rotor, Motor and Starter teams. Find the probability that Stator will start only the first and last games. Answer: 0.125.

Task 4.eight. The probability that a new scanner will last more than a year is 0.94. The probability that it will last more than two years is 0.87. Find the probability that it lasts less than two years but more than a year. Answer: 0.07

Task 5.1 Find the root of the equation. Answer: -3.

Task 5.2 Find the root of the equation log 5 (7−2 x) =3log 5 2. Answer: -0.5

Answer: 0,9

Task 6.1 In a triangle ABC corner C equal to 90°, BC=15, tgA=0.75. Find AC. Answer: 20.

Task 6.2 The sides of the parallelogram are 9 and 15. The height dropped to the smaller of these sides is 10. Find the height dropped to the longest side of the parallelogram . Answer: 6

Task 6.3 Triangle ABC inscribed in a circle with center O. Corner BAC equals 32.

Find an angle BOC. Give your answer in degrees. Answer: 64

Task 6.4 Tangents CA and CB form an angle to the circle ACB equal to 78°. Find the magnitude of the smaller arc AB, contracted by the points of contact. Give your answer in degrees. Answer: 102.

Task 6.5 Side AB triangle ABC equal to 1. The opposite angle C equals 150°. Find the radius of the circle circumscribed about this triangle. Answer: 1.

Task 6.6 into a quadrilateral ABCD inscribed circle, AB = 10, CD= 16. Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABCD. Answer: 52.

Task 7.1 The figure shows a graph of the derivative of a function f(x) defined on the interval (−6;5) . Answer: -5

Exercise 7 .2 The figure shows a graph y=f "(x) - the derivative of the function f(x).
Nine points are marked on the x-axis: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9. How many of these points lie on the intervals of decreasing function f (x)? Answer: 5

Task 7. 3 The figure shows a graph of the function y=f(x) defined on the interval (− 7; 7). Determine the number of integer points where the derivative of the function is negative. Answer: 5

Task 7.4 The figure shows a graph of some function y=f(x) (two rays with a common starting point). Using the figure, calculate F(− 1)−F(− 8), where F(x) is one of the antiderivatives of f(x). Answer: 20

Task 8

The value of the derivative of the function at the point is the tangent of the slope of the tangent to the axis through the point

Let's find (see fig.).

To do this, first find the tangent of an adjacent, acute angle

And since then

Answer:

Answer: 30

Task 8.1 A cone is inscribed in a sphere. Base Radius

the cone is equal to the radius of the sphere. The volume of the cone is 47. Find the volume of the sphere. Answer: 188

Task 8.2 In the first cylindrical vessel, the liquid level reaches

16 cm. This liquid was poured into a second cylindrical vessel, the diameter of the base of which is 2 times greater than the diameter of the base of the first. At what height will the liquid level be in the second vessel? Express your answer in cm. Answer: 4

Answer: 6

Task 9.1 Find the value of the expression . Answer: 7

Task 9.2. Find sin α if cosα = 0.6 and π α 2π. Answer: -0.8

Task 9.3 Find the value of the expression cos 2 . Answer: -1.5

Task 10.

Answer: 2

Task 10.1 The car is accelerating on a straight stretch of highway with a constant

acceleration a= 4500 km/h2. Speed v(in km/h) is calculated by the formula

v= , where l- the distance traveled by the car (in km). Find out how much

kilometers traveled by the car by the time it accelerates

up to a speed of 90 km/h. Answer: 0.9

Task 10.2 The locator of the bathyscaphe, which is evenly plunging vertically downwards, emits an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of 749 MHz. The receiver registers the frequency

signal reflected from the ocean floor. Bathyscaphe sinking speed (in m/s)

and frequencies are related by , where c= 1500 m/s - speed of sound in water; f 0 is the frequency of the emitted signal (in MHz); f- frequency of the reflected signal (in MHz). Find the frequency of the reflected signal (in MHz) if the bathyscaphe is sinking at a speed of 2 m/s. Answer: 751

Task 11.

Answer: 104

Task 11. 1 The boat left the point at 8:00 A to paragraph B, located 15 km from the point A. Having stayed at the point B 2 hours, the boat went back and returned to the point A at 20:00. Define (in km/h) the speed of the river, if it is known that the own speed of the boat is 4 km / h. Answer: 2

Task 11.2 In spring, the boat goes against the current of the river 1 times slower than downstream. In summer, the current becomes 1 km / h slower. Therefore, in summer, the boat goes against the current 1 times slower than downstream. Find the speed of the current in spring (in km/h). Answer: 5

Task 11.3. The first and second pumps fill the pool in 6 minutes, the second and third in 7 minutes, the first and third in 21 minutes. How many minutes will it take these three pumps to fill the pool, working together? Answer: 5.6

(km/h).

Answer:

Answer: -14

Task 12.1 Find smallest value functions y=(x−11)e x −10 on the segment. Answer: -1

Task 12.2 Find the minimum point of the function y = (1-2x) cos x + 2sinx +7. Answer:

Task 12.3 Find highest value functions y=25x−25tgx+41 on the cut .Answer: -3

The USE in Russian consists of two parts and 25 tasks.

First part represents 24 tasks. They can be test, the choice of one or more answers, open type (enter the pass yourself).

The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers) written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Part 1 assignments test graduates' learning educational material both on base and high levels difficulty (tasks 7, 23–24).

The second part - consists of one task - 25. This task involves writing an essay based on the read and analyzed text.

The task of part 2 (task 25 - composition) can be completed by the examinee at any level of complexity (basic, advanced, high).

210 minutes - 3.5 hours are given for work.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Parts of work	Number of tasks	Maximum primary score	Job type
1 part	24	33	Short answer
part 2	1	24	Detailed response
Total	25	57

Him, her, him

Him, her, him

Him, her, him

Him, her, them

About him, about her, about him

Below I will give the "cost" of each task performed.

For the correct completion of each task first part (except tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24) the examiner receives 1 point each. For an incorrect answer or its absence, 0 points are set.

For completing tasks 1 and 15, from 0 to 2 points can be set.

The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.

Task 7 can be assigned from 0 to 5 points.

For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to the number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: one mistake was made; 3 points: two mistakes were made; 2 points: two digits are correctly indicated; 1 point: correctly indicated only one number 0 points: completely wrong answer, i.e. wrong sequence of numbers or none.

Task 24 can be assigned from 0 to 4 points. The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.

The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he correctly completed the task second part , is 24 points.

For the correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can get the maximum 57 primary points .