home Social science Preparing for school at home step by step instructions. Preparing a child for school: hard work or an exciting game? Video: preparing a child for school

Preparing for school at home step by step instructions. Preparing a child for school: hard work or an exciting game? Video: preparing a child for school

With the approach of the day of knowledge, parents often ask themselves the question: how to prepare a child for school so that their beloved child can easily and quickly adapt to school life, easily mastered the workload and kept up with their peers? It is necessary to prepare a child for school in advance, that is, not a month, a week or a few days before the start of the educational process. If the parents came to their senses in enthusiasm and haste only in August, you should not expect distinctive results from the baby. Competent advice and recommendations practical psychologists will be relevant for parents of future first-graders and will help prepare the baby for the new school year.

So how do you prepare your child for school at home?

August preparation. August is quite late. What can a baby learn in a month? During this period, he will only have time to realize the importance of the process itself, which is necessary for acquiring further life experience. If the parents did not have conversations with the child regarding the school, stress and long-term adaptation to new living conditions cannot be avoided. To instill reading skills, to teach a child to count, is also unlikely to succeed. This is not a one-day process that requires strong-willed efforts, awareness and purposefulness.

Summer period.

If the child went to kindergarten or attended a center early development, you listened to the recommendations of the educators and diligently followed them, in this case, it is quite realistic to prepare the baby for school via Skype in three months. To achieve positive results, it is necessary to properly distribute the load, deal with the child daily, draw up a daily routine, set aside time for learning, rest, active, developing and outdoor games. Start conversations about school so that when he enters first grade, he has an idea of \u200b\u200bthe education system. Motivate for success, tell about what awaits him soon.

Throughout the year. For a year, a child can be quite successfully pulled up and set up for further productive studies. In addition, during this period, both parents at home and educators in the kindergarten can prepare the baby for school.

Preparation for school from the age of 4. Prepare your child for school early age recommended by pediatricians and child psychologists. By this age, the baby has already formed self-awareness, is intensively replenished vocabulary, lines up grammatical structure speeches, detailed generalizations appear - stories, monologues. Preschool age is the most favorable period for the development of memory and thinking. Emotional life by the age of four becomes constant and balanced. Unlike early childhood, the life of a preschooler is very diverse. The kid is included in the systems of the social environment, he has new activities, and with them new motives - competition, rivalry, success, motives associated with the assimilation and consolidation of moral norms. Preschoolers have a clear idea of success and failure. By this time, the preschooler had managed to form as a person. In a playful way, he can already read, draw, write. The age of why begins, the baby shows interest in everything and strives for knowledge outside world. Do not suppress this initiative, let the child absorb all the useful and meaningful information. It is very important not to miss this moment and use it to instill value orientations and socially significant skills.

When asking specialists when it is better to prepare a child for school, psychologists will unequivocally say that cognitive classes should be started from the age of 4. In this case, going to first class will not cause unnecessary trouble and will not negatively affect children's self-esteem. Of course, the above applies to children who do not have significant deviations and mental retardation.

Where to start preparing for school?

Reading.

The faster the child gets acquainted with the letters, learns to read by syllables and recognize sounds, the more successful the process will be.
From an early age, read fairy tales, stories to your baby
Discuss the read text, ask questions, let the child learn to retell
Make it a rule to learn one letter every day. There are many visual aids, the alphabet on magnets, in pictures, books that will make learning fun and productive.
Let the child pronounce the learned letter aloud and find it in the text.
The association game will help quick memorization. Let the baby build an associative array, draw analogies with what this or that letter is associated with.

Spelling

Spelling is closely related to reading. Here you can consolidate knowledge and perform exercises with the letters that you have learned.

Let the kid learn to write block letters
For learning to write, use notebooks with an oblique ruler.
Give the child an example, write letters on the initial line so that he can do the exercise on his own according to your model. If the baby does not succeed, do not blame or scold for the mistake, point out the shortcomings in a friendly manner and do the exercise again. When writing letters, pay attention to the baby's accuracy and attentiveness.

Mathematics classes

For admission to the primary link, math lessons via Skype are essential.

To teach a child to count, it is advisable to purchase visual didactic materials. These can be pyramids with a numerical row and accounts, wooden toys depicting animals and numbers, sticks for counting.
Count toys, sweets, fruits, toes, hands.
Each new lesson, learn a couple of numbers. It is very important that the child memorize them and learn to write.
Geometric shapes, the concept of shape and size can be learned with the help of wooden insert frames, or with the help of cookie figures.

Do not limit the child in creativity, modeling, drawing, designing - they perfectly develop fine motor skills, prepare the hand for writing and contribute to the development of higher cognitive processes.

Also, parents of future first-graders are concerned about the issue mental health baby. How to psychologically prepare him for going to first grade so that he does not feel internal constraint and feels confident? So that the child does not clog in the corners, interact with other students, join in educational process and contact with teachers, it is important that he knows how to: communicate, understand the meaning of schooling, verbally defend his position, plan activities and set goals, be aware of the consequences of his behavior, have clear ideas about discipline and the internal charter of the school. In addition, it is important that the first-grader has a favorable psychological attitude and an objective self-esteem.

Parents take note!!! Preparation for school should not be limited to reading, writing and counting. Before going to the first grade, there should be a parental dialogue with the child, talk with him about how to behave with adults and peers, develop in him a sense of responsibility, independence, talk about discipline. If you notice signs of negativism, concealment, unreasonable aggression in your child's behavior, immediately consult a child psychologist so as not to start the problem and provoke more alienation.

Vyacheslav Alexandrovich - teaching Russian language and literature remotely (via Skype)

Education: higher, Moscow State University for the Humanities. M.A. Sholokhov, Faculty of Philology, teacher of the Russian language and literature (1975 - 1980).

Teaching experience:

teacher of the Russian language and literature in Moscow schools and universities under the Labor Code and the contract (1980 - 1993);
teacher of Russian language and literature at the faculty of pre-university training
(Moscow Regional Pedagogical University), (1980 - 2001);

Advantages

Lessons in computer science with the participation of tutors on Skype are fraught with many advantages:

Thanks to the Skype program, the educational process acquires excellent visualization, which makes it possible to perfectly see and hear your interlocutor during the lesson;
A computer science tutor for children using Skype (Skype) creates an exceptionally friendly atmosphere during learning. The teacher, in order to achieve maximum effect, addresses only one student;
Individual approach to all your listeners. Remote tutors in computer science via Skype develop an individual training scheme for each student, using various author's developments;
A computer science tutor working online lays the foundation of knowledge and skills in the child, transferring experience and forming perseverance, diligence, striving for the goal;
The cost of computer science lessons via Skype is 2-3 times cheaper than face-to-face counterparts, especially when it comes to tutoring services in large metropolitan areas;
I teach:

English for kids, children, teenagers and adults;

Mathematics from grades 1 to 7.

Parents of toddlers who attend kindergarten do not need to worry about preparing their child for school. This is done by educators and specially trained specialists. And what about adults whose children do not attend preschool institutions? Is it possible to independently prepare the baby for school life, and how to do it right?

When should you start preparing your child for school?

Inexperienced parents believe that if the baby goes to school at the age of 6, then it is enough to work out with him from the age of five, and in a year the child will master, so to speak, the course of a young fighter. In fact, this is a clear misconception.

Psychologists say that the most favorable age to start preparing for school is 3.5-4 years.

By the age of 3, your beloved little man has formed as a person. Little why with great interest learns the world, and questions pour out of him, as from a cornucopia. We need to seize the moment, and just direct his curiosity in the right direction. .

By the age of three, the child manifests spatial and logical thinking, memory is activated. He not only wants to get answers to his questions, but also to remember them. Therefore, do not be angry with the baby if he asks the same question several times.

What do you need to prepare your child for school?

Classes with a child should in no case be episodic. Make a clear plan for yourself, similar to a school schedule. Break down all the information that you need to convey to the crumbs into separate topics.

At the same time, keep in mind that until the baby reaches the age of 4.5-5 years, one lesson should not exceed fifteen minutes. Disclosure of one topic should fit into this period of time.

After each lesson, take a break for 15-20 minutes. So that the baby does not get tired and does not lose interest in learning, spend no more than 3 classes a day. Do not scold the child if he does not succeed. You need to deal with it calmly and patiently.

Equip a comfortable place for classes, give him a shelf in the closet, where your child will store all the school supplies. From the first days, teach him to keep his workplace in order, do not scatter pens, notebooks or books on the table.

Sometimes it is not so difficult to instill handwriting skills or the ability to count, how to accustom a child to perseverance and adherence to the daily routine that awaits him at school.

What classes are needed to prepare for school?

The preparation of the baby includes such activities as:

reading;
calligraphy;
mathematics;
creative activities (sculpting, drawing, appliqué);
one of the foreign languages.

Reading

This item comes first. The faster the baby masters the letters and learns to put them first into syllables, and then into words, the faster the whole process of obtaining new knowledge will go. You have to go from simple to complex. Any word consists of letters, so the initial task of parents is to learn the alphabet with their child.

Find poems about letters on the Internet or in children's books. Listening to the description of each letter in poetic form, the baby will remember them faster. In addition, he will try to repeat certain phrases from the verse.

Here are some good poems by Boris Zakhoder:

Everyone knows the letter A
The letter is very nice.
Yes, besides, the letter A
Main in the alphabet.

Here is an example of a quatrain by another author:

B looks like a pipe
That buzzes "Boo-boo, boo-boo",
And a little on the iron
My best friend says.

Agree that in this form it will be very interesting to teach letters to a little inquisitive little man.

After the kid has mastered the letters, show him how syllables are made up of them. Name the consonants the way the sound is pronounced, that is, not “me” or “be”, but “m” and “b”. Otherwise, the word mom, composed of letters, the baby can pronounce mea-mea.

Get a gorgeous colorful alphabet poster from the bookstore. Hang it above your baby's desk. When a child's gaze encounters an image, his passive memory is activated. Looking at familiar letters, he will remember them better.

So that learning to fold syllables does not drag on for a long time, buy a magnetic alphabet for your baby. Kids love to move colorful letters around the board. Your task is to help the baby choose from them those that are needed to fold this or that syllable or word. Turn the process of learning the alphabet and learning to read into an exciting game .

There is a huge amount of colorful reading material on the market today. These can be cubes, cards or puzzles with individual letters or syllables. Look for pictures that clearly show how letters are combined into syllables. There is a lot of such information on the Internet, in children's books and colorful didactic materials.

Calligraphy training

At the age of 3.5-4 years, the baby is still not quite confident in holding a pencil or pen in his hands. Therefore, it is not worth expecting that the child will quickly learn to write well. At this age, only sticks and small hooks are subject to him. Giving the crumbs simple tasks, look at school copybooks. Even first-graders do not start writing letters right away. Teaching a child to write letters is better from the age of five . In this case, you need to start with printed letters.

No need to immediately demand from the baby good results. The inclinations for learning a particular subject are different for all children. If a child is lame fine motor skills, it will be difficult to teach him to write beautifully. First you need to show the baby how to hold the pen correctly.

Handwriting can also be influenced by the pose in which the baby is poring over his task. Make sure your child's posture is correct when he or she is doing calligraphy. His back should be straightened, and the table should be at chest level. The baby's elbows should be on the table.

Pay attention to the location of the notebook on the table. It should be placed slightly at an angle, and the lower left corner should lie in the center of the child's chest.

Learning Math

By the time of entering school, the future first-grader should be able to fluently count up to 10 back and forth, add and subtract within these numbers.

Where to start teaching crumbs?

First, the baby must learn such quantitative concepts like less, more, equal. Teach him to compare 2 groups of objects with each other. For example, lay out a different number of cars and cubes on the table. The baby must figure out which items are more and which are fewer and what needs to be done to make them even. Thus, the child will get acquainted with terms such as add and subtract.
In addition, he must learn to operate with such concepts as close - far, high - low . Even before getting to know the numbers, the baby needs to be told about geometric shapes ah, to teach to distinguish a circle from an oval, a square from a rectangle or a triangle.
At the next stage, with the help of small toys, pencils or counting sticks, the child learns numbers . Take one cube and show the little student the number 1. Then add another cube and introduce the baby to the number 2.

At the same time, do not overload the child with information. For one day, it is enough to get acquainted with two numbers.

When the baby remembers what all the numbers look like, and knows that next to the number 3 you need to put 3 sticks, and with the number 5 - exactly 5 sticks, you can move on to teaching the crumbs addition and subtraction.

Any training should be carried out in the form of a game. To do math, it is not entirely necessary to seat the baby at the table. You can count anything - trees on the street, cars in the parking lot, kids on the playground. The first thing babies start counting is their fingers. The main thing is not to overload the child with a large amount of information. . For example, if you are going somewhere, do not force him to count all the items that come across on the way. It is enough to hear 2-3 answers from the baby and move on to another topic, for example, remember any rhyme.

studying new material, do not forget to repeat with the baby what he has learned before.

We do fine art

In the lessons of creativity, you can consolidate the material covered in other subjects. Buy a coloring book with letters and numbers for your kid, teach him to draw geometric shapes. Help your little one learn how to use a ruler to draw straight lines.

When a child draws, pay attention to the fact that the sun looks like a circle, and the roof of the house looks like a triangle. Teach him to color the drawings carefully so that the paint does not go beyond the outline of the drawing. In the meantime, explain to your child that the sky is blue and the grass is green.

No need to force a little artist to draw what you want. Let the child show his imagination, let him express his feelings and emotions through his drawings.

Learning a foreign language

If you decide to teach your child a foreign language before school, start learning with a colorful alphabet with pictures. Do not be upset if you yourself do not know one of the foreign languages perfectly. For a kid who goes to a regular school, without an in-depth study of English, French or another language, it is enough to know the alphabet well and have a small vocabulary.

Learn a few short verses with your child and repeat them during a walk or during home games. Watch your child's pronunciation. If he gets used to talking foreign words wrong, it will be difficult to retrain him at school.

As you prepare your child for school on your own, be patient. Do not scold the little student if something does not work out for him. If the kid is tired and inattentive in class, postpone the lesson. Learning should bring joy to the child, otherwise you can discourage him from learning for a long time, which will affect his knowledge at school.

Most school psychologists put forward four criteria for readiness to learn:

Personal - developed if educational institution attracts not only the opportunity to see friends every day, new beautiful notebooks and pens, but also the desire to learn something new, to become smarter.
Intellectual is both competent, coherent speech, and the ability to listen to a teacher, and the presence of certain knowledge and horizons.
Socio-psychological - includes the ability to communicate, the ability to focus on the lesson.
Physiological - the absence of deviations in development, physical health and psychological stability.

Children who attend kindergarten have an easier time going through the first time of study than those at home. This is due to the fact that from the age of three and a half, educators begin to teach them basic things, and by the first grade, kindergarteners have a certain amount of knowledge.

If parents are engaged with the future student on their own, there is nothing to worry about. Gradual training of the skills necessary for training on initial stage, will allow your son or daughter not only to feel confident among other guys, but also help develop an interest in learning.

Tips on how to prepare your child for school

The tasks offered by the school psychologist during the consultation will help to understand at what level of development the child is. This is a mandatory stage, for the successful completion of which you need to deal with the child for a long time.

Learning activities

Moms and dads should remember: your baby may not be able to do something. Do not load the young head too much. The school is designed to tell the child about a huge number of things, broaden his horizons, teach him to live and work in a team.

However, there is a set of basic knowledge that a first grader must possess:

Full names, own and parents.
The address. Country, city, street and house in which he lives.
Famous plants, animals and birds. The kid must distinguish between popular plants and animals, distinguish a cactus from a camomile, a fox from a tiger. A person who checks readiness for school may ask if there are pets at home, ask to talk about a cat, dog, parrot. He can also find out which animal or plant the examinee likes the most, ask why.
Time. It is desirable that the first grader knows how to handle the clock. The main thing is that he distinguishes day from night, evening from morning. One of the options for the task: "Arrange the pictures in the correct order." Most often, they depict the mode of the day.
Geometric figures. Before entering school, most children know how to cut a circle, a triangle, a square. In addition, they are required to correlate objects in shape: the roof of the house looks like a triangle, and the house itself looks like a square.
Colors. Boys and girls in before school age teach not only the basic shades, but the number of colors in the rainbow, the order of their arrangement. Parents need to teach their child to draw elementary pictures, to choose the right colors for the image: the sun is yellow, the grass is green, and the bunny is white.
Numbers. It is not necessary to teach the rules of subtraction and addition, this will be done by the teacher. Learn to count from 1 to 20 and vice versa.
Seasons, months, days of the week. In preparation, children should not only name them, but also know the number, and arrange them in the correct order.
Popular holidays. The psychologist may ask which one is the favorite. The kid must answer and tell why he chose this option.
The structure of the human body. Drawing a person is a frequent task when entering school.
Distinguish between living and non-living.

Elementary Rules traffic: "You must not cross the road on red", "You must not cross the railroad tracks." In a playful way, a school worker can test this knowledge. For example, specifying who is right, a bunny that is waiting for a green one or a squirrel that runs in front of a moving car.
Reading in syllables. If your child does not know how to read, it is not scary - they will teach you at school. However, this skill will greatly facilitate his learning in the future, and all other subjects will be given easier.
Retelling. The development of speech skills is one of the main tasks when entering the first grade. At the beginning of the school year, the child must understand the meaning of short stories, build sentences in a logical chain.
Memory. Several pictures are placed in front of the preschooler, he looks at them for a while, then they are turned over. The more details he remembers, the better. It is necessary to reproduce the plot and tell what is depicted there.

Often school psychologists given the task of identifying excess. Exist a large number of entertaining manuals on which you can work out this skill, but classes can also be carried out with the help of improvised means.

For example, ask your toddler to choose what to remove by offering him some fruits and one vegetable.

Behavior in society

Parents of a young student should think not only about academic performance, but also about how to help him join the class team. We offer recommendations that will help you understand how to quickly prepare your child for school over the summer.

Develop in it:

Independence. Teach your child to dress themselves and tie their shoelaces, to watch their appearance and change into a sports uniform before physical education. You can show that he is an adult, equal, but this status has not only privileges, but also responsibilities. No need to collect a portfolio for him, better check when the job is already done. The same goes for homework: try to communicate in a soft way what to say school diary is his business. But do not go too far in this matter. Remember that first of all, the baby should feel your love and support. Let him feel that he has a reliable rear, where he can come with any problem, both life and study.

perseverance. It is difficult for little ones to readjust after the unemployed years of childhood, and the time of a standard lesson seems like an eternity to them. When you work with your son or daughter, help them get used to doing the activity for a while, gradually increasing the load. We recommend starting with 15 minutes, and by the beginning of the school year, increase the time to half an hour.
Friendliness. Tell me why you can’t fight with classmates and call them names, but don’t forget to add that you need to be able to stand up for yourself. Explain that snitching is bad. At the same time, try to convey that in some situations it is necessary to tell adults about what happened. For example, if someone tortures animals or offends the weak.
Politeness. Teach your son or daughter the formulas of etiquette communication. Remind them to say “hello” when meeting anyone, and “goodbye” when saying goodbye, explain about “thank you” and “please”.

A very important point for which you must set your child up is cultural behavior during breaks. He should know that at school you can’t run along the corridors, scream, climb furniture with your feet.

Practitioners working with preschoolers offer several recommendations for those who have a future first grader:

Don't compromise the teacher. Even if you do not agree with him on some issues, express your dissatisfaction in a personal conversation, and not to your son or daughter. If you feel that due to youth, inexperience or other factors, the teacher is not coping with the duties assigned to him, try to help him. For example, suggest that the parent committee take some of the social burden off the teachers' shoulders. Psychologists say that junior and middle school age is the time to search for a new authority, in addition to parental. The middle link looks for it in peers, and the younger one looks for it in the teacher. Therefore, it is very important for moms and dads not to undermine this authority, but to support it in every possible way. Disappointment in the teacher elementary school can greatly undermine the structure of personality.

Be mindful of temperament. When choosing a school, pay attention to the type nervous system who is going to study there. Cholerics are active and restless, they take criticism hard. For them and for sanguine people, programs of increased complexity are suitable. A wide variety of tasks will not only keep their attention on their studies, but will also contribute to increasing interest in school life. For phlegmatic and melancholy people, the fast pace of the lesson will ordeal. They are included in the work gradually, they think for a long time on one task. Choose for them a regular school, with standard requirements or a bias in one area.
Learn by playing. Determine the subject that the little student likes the most and expand his horizons in this area, use game techniques. If he shows interest in the world around him, go to parks, zoos, aquariums together, read more books about animals. If he likes math, count steps, people on the street, steps to the store or to school. If he is interested in stories about the events of the past, make a family tree together, ask grandparents to tell you something, and the Genealogy House will help you get unique information about your family.

When preparing a child for school, listen to psychologists and teachers, read the methodological and popular science literature on this topic, ask for advice from friends who have already passed this stage, but do not try to blindly imitate all the recommendations.

You know your child like no one else, you understand his weaknesses and strengths. Only you can find the right approach to it. home schooling and understand how best to prepare it. Listen to your heart, but do not forget about the advice of experts.

A few decades ago, children went to schools with a minimum knowledge base, which was given in kindergarten. In the first grade, children gradually began to get acquainted with letters and numbers. Modern school program quite complex, today's children must come to school with a certain amount of knowledge. A first grader can usually read, write a little in block letters, add and subtract numbers up to 10. How come? Why study load increasing every year? Most likely, this is a trend of the times. Even 50 years ago, people studied at the institute and technical school, received education and worked in the profession all their lives. The current market puts modern professionals in more stringent conditions. Today, in order to stay afloat, you need to constantly learn, improve, develop. Therefore, at school, the program becomes more difficult, increased requirements arise even for first-graders.

Preparation for school is a multifaceted process that includes skills in various subjects - reading, counting, writing. The kid should be able to engage in various types of creativity - this is drawing with paints and pencils, modeling, appliqué. The child must know colors, shapes, seasons and many, many other interesting things. And also, the future first-grader must be socially adapted - this means that the child must be able to communicate with peers and adults, not be afraid of them. In this article, we will talk about the multifaceted preparation of a preschooler for the first grade, which will allow you to fill in the gaps in the learning and emotional state of the baby.

What should future first graders know?

Some parents make a big mistake when they think about preparing for school only in the summer, three months before the start of school. As a rule, this is accompanied by serious loads, in fact, the child does not rest before academic year. This is dangerous for the immunity and nervous system of the baby. For learning to be comfortable and effective, it should begin long before the start of the school process. Gradually, from the age of three, you can teach your baby to count fingers, tell him about the environment, learn colors, etc. And from the age of five, preparation should be more serious. Children who go to kindergarten and special development centers are much more prepared in this regard. After all, a mother, even if she devotes a lot of time to a child and regularly works with him, cannot cover such an extensive program. Here are some skills and knowledge that a future first grader should have.

Check
These are the basics of mathematics and counting, which first of all consist in an excellent knowledge of numbers. The child must understand the principle of counting up to 100. He must be able to count not only from one, but from a given number, for example, he was told 4, and the baby continued - 5.6, 7, etc. Within 10, the child should be able to name neighboring numbers. That is, the number 7 is given, the child must determine that there is 6 before it, and after the seven - 8. The child must be familiar with such concepts as greater than, less than and equal to, he must be able to compare numbers within 10. The future first grader must not just memorize numbers, but also understand their meaning, he must be able to count apples, sweets, and other items. Some schools have requirements that the kid should be able to add and subtract within 10, the child should know what plus and minus are. Sometimes you need not only a simple, but also a reverse count. Without fail, a child of 6-7 years old must know the names of the main geometric shapes - a circle, a square, an oval, a triangle, etc. These are basic mathematical knowledge that a child must have before school.

Letter
Many children know how to write for school, but only in block letters, not in capital letters. The child must know all the letters, must be able to write simple words(it is allowed if he confuses E and Z, writes some letters in mirror image). The kid must distinguish vowel sounds from consonants, he must know the difference between a letter and a sound. A future first grader should be able to divide a word into syllables, he should determine the location of the indicated letter in the word - at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. If you think of letters, the child must name several words for this letter. The kid should be able to properly hold the pen, circle the pictures along the contour without lifting the pencil from the paper. Usually, by this age, children can draw straight and wavy lines, circle various dotted curls in copybooks. A preschooler, as a rule, paints pictures quite accurately with paints and pencils.

Reading

Nowadays, it is very rare for children to come to school who do not yet know how to read. As a rule, a first grader already knows all the letters and can read syllable by syllable. It can be said that reading is a basic skill than earlier child learn to read, the easier it will be given to other subjects. If you have not yet taught your child to read, you should start with vowels. Do not rush to learn all the letters, introduce the child to the basic ones - A, U, O, M, etc. Then it will be possible to make words out of them so that learning is not so boring. Some teachers recommend learning not letters, but sounds. In addition, now they are trying to teach children to read immediately in syllables. Otherwise, the child is often simply confused when the letter BE turns into the sound B. After such experiments, the child reads simple words like BE-A-BE-A, and not just Baba.

Creation
A child at this age paints pictures well, without going beyond its contours. The kid should be able to carefully use felt-tip pens, paints, pencils. He should be able to shade the designated areas on paper. A child of this age is quite good at sculpting various animals, fruits, vegetables, geometric shapes. The kid already has some abstract thinking - he can visually form an ikebana, an application from dry leaves, make crafts from improvised means, etc.

The world
By the age of 7, a child should know the days of the week, the seasons and months, the country of residence and the capital of their homeland. It is very important that the baby can name his full name, parents name, phone number and address. The child should know the names of the main animals, birds, fish. He must know how a tree differs from a shrub, must distinguish between fruits, berries and vegetables. The kid should know different natural phenomena - thunder, rain, hail, hurricane. It is important to introduce the child to such concepts as morning, afternoon and evening.

This is the basic knowledge with which the child must come to the first grade. Nobody says that the kid will not be taken to school if he does not know all this. But it will be much more difficult for a child to master the material if he cannot deal with the simplest initial concepts.

How to learn to be independent at school

Giving the child to school, parents should understand that from now on the baby will be left to himself in terms of hygiene. Teacher primary school, of course, helps the kids in many ways, but this, after all, is not a teacher or a nanny in a kindergarten. By the age of seven, a child should be able to dress and undress completely independently - tie shoelaces, use zippers and rivets, fasten buttons, open and close an umbrella, change clothes for physical education, fold things, clean up after themselves, keep their workspace in order. This is as important as being able to read and write.

In addition, the child should be educated, explain to him the rules of behavior in society. He must understand that it is impossible to run, scream and indulge in the lesson. You can’t fight, offend the weak, bully, snap, swear, etc. You need to say hello, give way to adults, take care of school furniture, you need to help girls endure heavy loads. The child should know all these elementary rules even before entering school, these are the basic norms of etiquette. The upbringing of the baby comes from the family, remember this.

In addition to hygiene standards and writing and reading skills, it is very important to engage in the psychological preparation of the child for school. Here are some tips and tricks that might be helpful for moms of future first graders.

Teach your child in any situation to bring the work begun to the end, whether it is building a sand castle or a book that has been started. This will allow him to achieve great success in school.

If the child does not go to kindergarten and development centers, arrange the game in the "School" at home, equipping the desk and all the necessary accessories. Change roles with your child so that he can be a teacher too. Give the child appropriate comments without offending or criticizing him. Toys can also go to school - dolls and bears.

Do not lose a trusting relationship with your child - talk to him more often in a calm atmosphere, talk about your affairs and plans. This is really important, if some extraordinary situation arises at school, the kid will definitely share it with you.

Tell him about something specific more often, keep the child's attention on a specific subject for 15-20 minutes.

If something doesn’t work out for a child, as a rule, he gets upset and throws it away. Your task is to teach the child to overcome difficulties. Help the kid to paint over the picture, find the right part of the puzzle or designer, correct the mistakes. It is important to help the baby, but not to do the task instead of him.

Instill in your child a sense of responsibility, for this the baby needs to be given more freedom of action. If workouts or hobby groups are close to your home, entrust your child to attend additional classes on their own. Of course, you need to call the coach and make sure that the child has reached, but this is a secondary issue. The main thing is that the child understands that the degree of his responsibility is increasing, and he simply cannot blunder.

If the child rarely visits children's team, this needs to be corrected. Take your baby to kindergarten, development centers, visit your peers, learn to communicate on the playground. If the child does not get along with children, try to find out the reason for this circumstance. Teach your child to be fair and honest. The kid should know the elementary "rules of the game" in the children's society. You can exchange toys with a friend only by mutual agreement. Whoever owns the toy or book gives permission to play with it. After a quarrel, you need to ask for forgiveness from those whom you offended. Beating girls and those who are younger than you is not allowed. At the same time, you need to teach the child so that he knows how to stand up for himself if he is offended. That is, you should not get into a fight first, but it is not forbidden to give change, especially if you have a son.

Tell your child about school more often, imagine the future period as something very important and necessary. Tell him that the baby has become very big, only kids remain in the kindergarten, and it's time for him to go to school. Talk about it brightly and positively, the child will tune in to the learning process with interest and curiosity.

It is necessary to explain to the child that there should be silence in the classroom in the lesson - only under this condition the teacher will be able to explain, tell and show something. Tell the child what he should do if he wants to ask the teacher something. It should also be clarified that it is advisable to raise your hand after an important part of the lesson, when the teacher has already explained the new material.

Choose in advance the school and the teacher you will study with. Many schools provide zero classes that you need to go to on Saturdays. This gives the child a great opportunity to get to know the teacher, future classmates, the kid gets used to the school environment, calls, etc.

These are the ground rules psychological preparation child that every parent should know about.

Practical training

Except psychological aspect, it is necessary to think about the practical side of the issue. Before school, it is imperative to make all vaccinations at least a month in advance to exclude the occurrence of unforeseen reactions. If the child gets up late, he needs to be gradually prepared for early rises, for this, a couple of weeks before the start of school, get up earlier and earlier. Gradually shifting the hours of lifting will save you from sudden stress, which can affect the condition of the baby.

In addition, you need to prepare the child for school financially. The clothes of a first-grader should be not only beautiful, but also comfortable, they should not wrinkle much, you need to purchase wardrobe items from natural fabrics that allow air to pass through. Shoes should also be comfortable, the backpack should meet ergonomic, aesthetic and medical requirements. Teach your child to take only the necessary supplies to school, do not carry everything that is on the desk. A heavy backpack is much more difficult to carry, it can lead to excessive fatigue and problems with the spine.

Even before the start of the school period, pay attention to the desk where the baby will study. Make sure that the child sits straight in the chair, does not stoop, does not bend over the notebook too low. Under the feet of the future first grader you need to put a small stand. Pay attention to the position of the legs. The knees should be bent at a right angle, as well as the lower leg in relation to the foot. Pay attention to the lighting, the light should fall on the table from the left side, ideally it should be daylight. If you do not pay attention to all these little things, then over time it can lead to a deterioration in the child's vision. According to statistics, every tenth child needs glasses after starting school. Therefore, parents should make every effort to preserve the child's vision.

Some first graders get very nervous when they go to school for the first time. This can be manifested by such reactions of the body as diarrhea, vomiting, hiccups, nervous tics, cold extremities. It is necessary to explain to the kid that school is very interesting and great, there you can learn a lot of new things, make friends for life, get necessary knowledge. The more you talk to your child, the calmer he will be. And then everything will go according to plan. Do not worry too much, you are not the first, you are not the last!

Video: preparing a child for school

If you decide to raise your baby before school on your own, without using the services of a nanny and a governess, then my advice from a teacher, educator and parent all rolled into one will be useful to you. These are tips on how to prepare your child for school at home.

When and where to start?

So, the first question is: when is the best time to start teaching and preparing for school? The most favorable age for this is 3.5-4 years. The process of preparation should be continuous and give the child pleasure. Punishments and reproaches are unacceptable!

It is possible to effectively prepare a child for school at home only by bringing these very conditions as close as possible to school ones. Therefore, first make a plan and schedule of classes, and so that your “lessons” are systemic, plan topics, 1 for each lesson. There should be no more than 2-3 "lessons" of 15 minutes per day in the first year of study with breaks between them of at least 20, but not more than 30 minutes. Classes should be held compactly and immediately after breakfast, as provided by the school.

From this moment on, the child should have a place for classes: a table where his books for reading, notebooks, an album, pencils and paints for drawing, pens and rulers will lie. This place should always be kept in order by the child himself, like a "real" workplace.

Now it's time to talk about academic subjects and areas of knowledge that you will need to help your future first grader master. So, how to prepare a child for school at home and not miss anything important in this process?

Reading lessons

Plan reading for the first lesson - the faster the child learns the letters and learns to read, the faster and more successfully the learning process will go.

You should study the letters in alphabetical order, and start the first lessons by reading short fairy tales, excerpts from fairy tales and stories.
Invite the child to find all the letters in the text that you are studying in the lesson or have already studied.
Read a short text and ask the child to tell what you have read.
Ask him 2-3 questions on the text that require short answers.

Exactly 15 minutes later, the lesson should end and the child should be able to play an outdoor game. The first break between classes should be no more than 20 minutes.

Math and writing lessons

The second one can be a "lesson" of mathematics or spelling, or a foreign language. It is also better to start spelling letters in alphabetical order and study exactly the letter that you learned in the reading lesson. Thus, the assimilation of the material will be more successful. Starting with the second and subsequent letters of the alphabet, you can practice reading syllables and even small words. The same goes for spelling. This method is not quite traditional, but I can assure you, it is no less effective. Already at the age of 5, your child will read normally and write no worse than a first grader.

Do not try to immediately teach your child to write in capital letters, teach him how to type first to facilitate the acquisition of reading skills. But from the beginning of the next year of study, go to capital letters. At the same time, make sure that the baby "sees" the rulers in the notebook for writing and the cells in the notebooks for mathematics, so that he accurately completes your assignments.

Learn to count you need to start with small toys, counting sticks and even sweets. I recommend to operate in the first year of study only with whole numbers. And the tasks are presented only on visual material - toys. Numbers can be learned in pairs: 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and so on. The child must write and memorize each pair in the lesson. The next day, set aside 5 minutes for repetition, and then study the next number.

geometric shapes it is better to start studying with cookies of various shapes, gradually moving on to drawing them in a notebook using a triangle and a ruler. I recommend that you first study the numbers from 1 to 10, and then alternate mathematics with geometry for a week.

creative development

At the lessons of drawing, modeling and appliqué reinforce the study of geometric shapes, inviting the child to first determine that the apple and the sun will look like a circle, the house will look like a square, and the roof will look like a triangle. Teach your child to use paints so that they do not merge into one brown mass, and learn to shade the drawing in one direction.

Foreign language

Start learning a foreign language with colorful illustrations and choose only the language that you yourself have studied. This will be useful for you and will help your baby in the future. All 15 minutes of this lesson communicate with him only in a foreign language and accompany all your words or concepts under study with actions. This form of learning a foreign language is most effective at preschool and school age. At the end of such a lesson, you can consolidate the material by demonstrating a cartoon or its excerpt for 3-4 minutes.

Physical and psychological preparation

The learning process should not only mentally, but also physically and psychologically prepare the baby for school life, and therefore classes should be held 5 days a week in a row, and then given 2 days of rest.

I propose to schedule the classes as follows:

on Monday- reading, spelling;
Tuesday- drawing, mathematics;
Wednesday will be busier - spelling, math, modeling;
on Thursday the day is also tense - reading, a foreign language, application;
Friday should, as in school, be more free - reading, a foreign language.

From the age of 5, mathematics and foreign language should increase to 20 minutes, and spelling, reading and drawing to 25 minutes. At the same time, breaks should be reduced to 20 minutes between classes.

These are the basic tips on how to prepare your child for school at home. Try this method of preparing children for school at home and your child is guaranteed success! I say this with knowledge of the matter, because my children, studying according to my method, not only received the highest score in entrance exams to the first class of a prestigious gymnasium, but also successfully graduated from it, having no problems with mastering the material and without worrying psychological stress in the restructuring of the body for the school period of their life.