Fast technique. Exercises for the development of speed of thinking. Constantly develop your attention and memory
Speed reading technique is an easy understanding of what you read, more free time, broadening your horizons, developing intelligence, improving memory and many other pleasant effects. Even if you do not like to read, then having mastered the technique, you are unlikely to be indifferent to the eternal source of knowledge, because you can read one or even several books in a day.
Why increase your reading speed
In the age of Internet technologies, a huge flow of information is merging, necessary and uninteresting, pleasant and poisoning minds. To be able to find as quickly as possible important information in a huge stream, filter out false information and not be vulnerable to smart and cunning people, you need to read. After all, reading, as well as, improves mental activity, increases intelligence, broadens horizons, trains memory and develops imagination.
Now imagine that during a quick read, all this happens in three or even five times faster. What knowledge will you have six months later? And what knowledge can you pass on to your children?
In physical terms, by increasing the speed of reading, a person strains the muscles of the eyes less, forgets about headaches and does not get tired of work, since high concentration allows you to quickly resolve work issues.
Famous people and their records
The technique of fast reading appeared a long time ago, many famous people owned and actively used it:
- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin read 2500 wpm. Many people were amazed at such a speed, someone did not believe that it was possible. But despite the speed, he always understood and remembered what he read.
- Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin had his own huge library. His daily norm was at least 500 pages.
- Maxim Gorky had his own speed reading technique. He read texts in magazines "drawing" with his eyes a zigzag: 1 text-1 zigzag. His speed reached 4000 words per minute.
- Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin had an exceptional memory. And he used the technique of speed reading, which he studied from the notes of the monk Raymond Lull.
- Napoleon Bonaparte read at a speed of 2000 words per minute.
- The writer Honore de Balzac read at great speed. And he wrote a work about his abilities, but with a fictional character: “The absorption of thought in the process of reading reached his phenomenal ability. His gaze covered 7-8 lines at once, and his mind comprehended the meaning at a speed corresponding to the speed of his eye. Often just one word allowed him to grasp the meaning of the whole phrase.
- Evgenia Alekseenko, she read 416250 wpm, it's even hard to believe, but it's a fact.
Speed Reading Techniques
There are a huge number of methods for teaching the technique of speed reading, but it is worth highlighting the most effective and frequently used among fans of this way of perceiving information.
Regression is the main enemy of speed
First of all, get rid of habits to return eyes back to the text already read - regression. With slow reading, there are more returns. What is it connected with? Habit, complex text, lack of attention.
We were always told by parents and teachers, if you don't understand, read it again. But it turns out that this is the first and most annoying reason for slow reading, with regression, the speed is halved, and the understanding of the meaning is tripled. We need to get rid of this habit. This will help integral reading algorithm.
Many people read books randomly, read at the end, opened the middle, they do not have any algorithm, so the meaning is lost. So the information received does not stay in the head for a long time, the next day the person will not even remember the title of the book.
For better assimilation, its figurative representation is necessary. You can come up with your own scheme or take an existing one. The scheme consists of blocks and looks like this:
- Title (books, articles).
- Author.
- Source and its data (year, no.).
- Main content, topic, factual data.
- Features of the material presented, seemingly controversial, criticism.
- The novelty of the presented material.
You need to remember this pattern. And mentally from the information that you are reading, highlight the main thing and break it into the appropriate blocks. The integral algorithm contributes to the suppression bad habit – regression.
When using this scheme, the dynamics of mental processes will not leave time for return eye movements. Remember, it is important to read the text to the end without backtracking. Only after reading completely, if necessary, you can read again, which is unlikely to be needed using this scheme.
How to achieve reading comprehension
Another important factor is the understanding of the essence. There are three approaches:
- selection of semantic strong points;
- anticipation;
- reception.
Isolation of semantic strong points means dividing the text into parts and highlighting main idea which contributes to a better assimilation of information. Any association that has arisen can be a support. It is necessary to reduce the content to short, concise sentences that highlight the main idea of the work.
Anticipation- semantic insight. That is, the reader guesses a phrase by several words, and by several phrases he understands the meaning of entire paragraphs. With this technique of fast reading, the reader relies on the meaning of the entire text, and not individual words. This way of understanding is developed by accumulating a dictionary of text clichés and semantic stereotypes. Then the processing of what has been read comes to automatism.
Reception is a mental return to what was read. It is the mental reflection of what has been read, do not confuse it with regression. This method helps to understand the deep meaning of the material or work.
Methods of dealing with articulation
Articulation during reading slows down the speed very much, so it must be suppressed. Reading speed depends on how speech processes are arranged, that is, how quickly you can process and assimilate the text.
There are three types of reading:
- speaking out loud or whispering (slowed down);
- with pronunciation to oneself (more quickly, but still not effective);
- silently, but the main internal dialogue is suppressed and only key and semantic phrases emerge in the head.
So, for example, psychologist E. Meiman suppressed articulation with the help of counting. He counted "One, two, three" while reading and this helped him a lot in increasing his speed.
Researchers have developed three methods articulation suppression:
- mechanical delay information (or forced) - clamping the tongue between the teeth while reading. But this method has a minus, it slows down only the peripheral speech-motor system, leaving the central (brain) system to work. Therefore, this method is not very efficient.
- Pronunciation of extraneous text aloud while reading to yourself. This method is better than the previous one, but still imperfect. Since a lot of attention and energy is spent on the pronunciation of other words, but they could improve the quality of perception of information.
- Central speech interference method, or the method of arrhythmic tapping was developed by N. I. Zhinkin. When reading to yourself, you must use your hand to beat out a special rhythm with your fingers. One of them is a two-beat tapping with four percussive elements in the first measure and two in the second, with an increase in impact at the first stage of each measure.
The peculiarity of this technique is that there is no effect on the speech organs, but at the same time, from tapping with the hand, an inductive inhibition zone appears in the brain, which makes it impossible to pronounce readable words.
Memory and attention training
Attention- this is the concentration of a person in the business that he is doing at the moment. Without attention, understanding of work is reduced by 90%. Only on condition that the concentration on a particular lesson will be maximum, then work, study of the material, any lesson will not be wasted. And therefore, being interested in the technique of speed reading, it is very important to develop concentration skills.
scientists give good advice: to develop concentration, read words and sentences backwards. You can say the alphabet in reverse.
Memory. As often after reading a work, in a week it is impossible to remember either the author or the title, not to mention the content. For better memorization, after a complete reading, it is necessary to retell the content in your own words, and for better assimilation, translate the material into the language of your own thoughts. The task is to find the meaningful and semantic part of the text.
How to start self-study
The technique of speed reading does not require any material costs. You don't have to go shopping, choose unknown materials, be surprised by prices and waste your valuable time. All you need is your desire and perseverance, this is the key to successful achievement of the goal.
You will need more books, lots of books. No need to run and buy bookstores, every person has at least a few good books in the house, start with them, and then turn to your friends, they will definitely find something interesting for you. In the end, the 21st century is in the yard, interactive technologies and electronic books adequately replace paper editions.
- One of the most popular and very effective books by O. A. Kuznetsov and L. N. Khromov “The Technique of Quick Reading”. Very accessible and interesting technique. At the end of the book there are lessons where all the stages are revealed in an accessible language.
- S. N. Ustinova “Development of oral and writing». Good book Lots of interesting tricks and tips.
- Mortier Adler How to Read Books. He writes not only about speed reading techniques, but also about reading in general. Gives interesting advice, worth reading this book.
- More new programs that allow you to increase the speed of reading, for example, Spritz.
- Online speed reading trainers from Sergey Mikhailov: Flasch - speed reading trainings.
If you don't want to study on your own, sign up for online courses. Take a free trial lesson at Eshko's school right now.
Feel free to be smart. This will increase your self-esteem and quality of life. Love to read, it will give you great benefits and make you happier. Reading can be attributed to the best, helping to maintain a sound mind and interest in life.
I am sure you want to have more success and happiness in life.
And self-development will help you a lot in this.
Self-development is the acquisition of the ability to do what you were previously unable to do.
This means that any self-development improves your life. After all, the more you are capable of, the better your knowledge and skills, the more possibilities you can implement.
The higher will be your achievements in life and life itself will be better.
Therefore, I offer you 10 quick self-development techniques.
1 - Take a video of yourself and look at yourself from the side.
Today, all the elite athletes in technical sports are filming themselves. And then they look frame by frame and correct their technique to improve the results.
You can just as well fix your life.
We all notice the mistakes of others, but we often do not see them behind ourselves. Because there is no way to look at yourself from the outside.
Record your day on video, then spend the next day reviewing and analyzing.
I am sure that looking at yourself from the outside you will see many points where and what can be improved or done differently.
To begin with, you can remove some particular situation from your life that you want to improve.
2 - Visualization and recapitulation of past experiences
When people talk about visualization, they mostly talk about the future. But it is much more effective to visualize your past.
Each of us has some experience. There is successful actions, there are unsuccessful ones.
But due to current affairs, we do not have time to live our own experience, highlight mistakes and wrong actions. But these mistakes are then repeated from time to time.
So take a specific situation from life and try to live it again in your head. Look at her with different sides think about where and what could have been done differently. Visualize and live it until you feel like everything is perfect.
And do it before bed. You can learn more about this technique from this video.
3 - Let the brain rest from the information flow.
When your mind was resting last time? When there were no thoughts in it?
Your brain is constantly at work. In addition to the fact that he has to manage all the processes in the body, process information from the senses, there are also a lot of thoughts in him. And they never end.
Staying in constant tension reduces the ability of your brain.
So start giving him rest during the day.
Just turn off all sources of information, close your eyes and forget about everything and everyone for at least 15 minutes. Give yourself silence, and rest your brain from thoughts.
4 - Do something scary
We get the strongest effect of self-development when we do what we are afraid of.
Overcoming fear activates personal growth across all areas of your life. You become stronger mentally, physically, spiritually.
So plan yourself at least once a month for some kind of heroic deed.
5 - Invest in yourself, not in the bank- new knowledge, new travels, new clothes, new food and tastes, new acquaintances. Contact with everything new automatically develops you. So investing in new experiences and knowledge will be your best investment in life.
6 - Ask yourself more questions- Questions focus your brain on something specific, forcing you to look for answers. And the answers correct your actions. Hang this question in a prominent place - Is what I'm doing now moving me forward?
Look at it periodically and if your answer is no, change your thoughts and actions.
Ready-made questions, the answers to which will significantly accelerate your personal growth, look in this video.
7 - Surround yourself with people who are stronger than you- we learn from childhood to copy other people and in adulthood we do this already unconsciously. Basically, a person is a cross between the 5 people with whom he communicates most and most of all. Who are these people? Do their qualities, habits, behavior help you become better or not?
If not, remove them from your environment or reduce communication with them. And find those who are at least somewhat stronger than you. Start talking to them. And the habit of copying itself will build their strengths into you.
How to surround yourself with such people you will learn from this video
8 - Go in for sports By developing one thing, you develop everything else. For example, the better your physical shape, the more energetic and cheerful you are. This means that your brain receives more nutrition and energy and begins to think better. New ideas begin to come to you and you cope better and faster with current tasks. You have more strength, and with them the level of your goals increases.
So exercise every day. And your self-development will go much faster.
9 - Determine your life priorities and goals.
Self-development for the sake of self-development is very slow. But everything accelerates significantly when you clearly understand - Why? Why? For whom? you want to get stronger and better.
Goals set the direction of self-development. And it is much easier for you to understand what knowledge you need to get for this.
How to find your purpose in life, see here -
10 - Write down your ideas. Almost every day, thoughts come into your head about what and how you can improve. But routine and routine erase them from your consciousness.
But these ideas do not just come. Their implementation can greatly simplify and improve your life. So grab a notepad and pen and jot down your ideas. Do not forget to implement the best in your life.
If you want to get another 50 of the same instructions for all occasions - click on the picture
Why count in the mind, if you can solve any arithmetic problem on a calculator. Modern medicine and psychology prove that mental counting is an exercise for gray cells. Performing such gymnastics is necessary for the development of memory and mathematical abilities.
There are many tricks to simplify mental calculations. Everyone who has seen the famous painting by Bogdanov-Belsky "Mental Account" is always surprised - how do peasant children solve such a difficult task as dividing the sum of five numbers that must first be squared?
It turns out that these children are students of the famous teacher-mathematician Sergei Alexandrovich Rachitsky (he is also depicted in the picture). These are not geeks - students primary school village school of the 19th century. But they all already know how to simplify arithmetic calculations and have learned the multiplication table! Therefore, it is quite possible for these kids to solve such a problem!
Secrets of mental counting
There are methods of oral counting - simple algorithms that it is desirable to bring to automatism. After mastery simple tricks you can move on to more complex ones.
We add the numbers 7,8,9
To simplify the calculations, the numbers 7,8,9 must first be rounded up to 10, and then subtract the increase. For example, to add 9 to a two-digit number, you must first add 10 and then subtract 1, and so on.
Examples :
Add two digit numbers quickly
If the last digit of a two-digit number is greater than five, round it up. We perform the addition, subtract the “additive” from the resulting amount.
Examples :
54+39=54+40-1=93
26+38=26+40-2=64
If the last digit of a two-digit number is less than five, then add up by digits: first add tens, then ones.
Example :
57+32=57+30+2=89
If the terms are interchanged, then you can first round the number 57 to 60, and then subtract from total amount 3:
32+57=32+60-3=89
Adding three-digit numbers in your mind
Quick counting and addition of three-digit numbers - is it possible? Yes. To do this, you need to parse three-digit numbers into hundreds, tens, units and add them one by one.
Example :
249+533=(200+500)+(40+30)+(9+3)=782
Subtraction features: reduction to round numbers
Subtracted are rounded up to 10, up to 100. If you need to subtract a two-digit number, you need to round it up to 100, subtract, and then add an amendment to the remainder. This is true if the correction is small.
Examples :
576-88=576-100+12=488
Mind subtracting three-digit numbers
If at one time the composition of numbers from 1 to 10 was well mastered, then subtraction can be done in parts and in the indicated order: hundreds, tens, units.
Example :
843-596=843-500-90-6=343-90-6=253-6=247
Multiply and Divide
Instantly multiply and divide in your mind? It is possible, but one cannot do without knowledge of the multiplication table. is the golden key to quick mental counting! It applies to both multiplication and division. Recall that in the elementary grades of a village school in the pre-revolutionary Smolensk province (the painting "Mental Counting"), children knew the continuation of the multiplication table - from 11 to 19!
Although in my opinion it is enough to know the table from 1 to 10 in order to be able to multiply larger numbers. for example:
15*16=15*10+(10*6+5*6)=150+60+30=240
Multiply and divide by 4, 6, 8, 9
Having mastered the multiplication table for 2 and 3 to automatism, making the rest of the calculations will be as easy as shelling pears.
For multiplication and division of two- and three-digit numbers, we use simple tricks:
multiplying by 4 is twice multiplying by 2;
to multiply by 6 means to multiply by 2 and then by 3;
multiplying by 8 is three times multiplying by 2;
multiplying by 9 is twice multiplying by 3.
for example :
37*4=(37*2)*2=74*2=148;
412*6=(412*2) 3=824 3=2472
Similarly:
divided by 4 is twice divided by 2;
divide by 6 is first divide by 2 and then by 3;
divided by 8 is three times divided by 2;
Divide by 9 is twice divided by 3.
for example :
412:4=(412:2):2=206:2=103
312:6=(312:2):3=156:3=52
How to multiply and divide by 5
The number 5 is half of 10 (10:2). Therefore, we first multiply by 10, then we divide the result in half.
Example :
326*5=(326*10):2=3260:2=1630
More easier rule division by 5. First, multiply by 2, and then divide by 10.
326:5=(326 2):10=652:10=65.2.
Multiply by 9
To multiply a number by 9, it is not necessary to multiply it twice by 3. It is enough to multiply it by 10 and subtract the multiplied number from the resulting number. Compare which is faster:
37*9=(37*3)*3=111*3=333
37*9=37*10 - 37=370-37=333
Also, particular patterns have long been noticed that greatly simplify the multiplication of two-digit numbers by 11 or by 101. So, when multiplied by 11, a two-digit number seems to move apart. The numbers that make it up remain at the edges, and their sum is in the center. For example: 24*11=264. When multiplying by 101, it is enough to attribute the same to a two-digit number. 24*101= 2424. The simplicity and logic of such examples is admirable. Such tasks are very rare - these are entertaining examples, the so-called little tricks.
Counting on fingers
Today you can still meet many defenders of "finger gymnastics" and the method of mental counting on the fingers. We are convinced that learning to add and subtract by bending and unbending fingers is very visual and convenient. The range of such calculations is very limited. As soon as the calculations go beyond one operation, difficulties arise: it is necessary to master the next technique. Yes, and bending your fingers in the era of iPhones is somehow undignified.
For example, in defense of the "finger" technique, the technique of multiplying by 9 is given. The trick of the technique is as follows:
- To multiply any number within the first ten by 9, you need to turn your palms towards you.
- Counting from left to right, bend the finger corresponding to the number being multiplied. For example, to multiply 5 by 9, you need to bend the little finger on your left hand.
- The remaining number of fingers on the left will correspond to tens, on the right - units. In our example - 4 fingers on the left and 5 on the right. Answer: 45.
Yes, indeed, the solution is quick and visual! But this is from the field of tricks. The rule only works when multiplying by 9. Isn't it easier to learn the multiplication table to multiply 5 by 9? This trick will be forgotten, and a well-learned multiplication table will remain forever.
There are also many more similar tricks using fingers for some single mathematical operations, but this is relevant while you use it and is immediately forgotten when you stop using it. Therefore, it is better to learn standard algorithms that will remain for life.
Oral account on the machine
First, you need to know the composition of the number and the multiplication table well.
Secondly, you need to remember the methods of simplifying calculations. As it turned out, there are not so many such mathematical algorithms.
Thirdly, in order for the technique to turn into a convenient skill, it is necessary to constantly conduct brief “brainstorming sessions” - to practice oral calculations using one or another algorithm.
Workouts should be short: mentally solve 3-4 examples using the same technique, then move on to the next one. We must strive to use every free minute - and useful, and not boring. Thanks to simple training, all calculations over time will be done at lightning speed and without errors. This is very useful in life and will help out in difficult situations.
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The human brain, like a super-powerful computer, is capable of processing and storing an astonishing amount of information. A person could memorize absolutely everything that his organs of perception recognized at least once, if not for one “but”. And this “but” is the process of losing access to the acquired knowledge. In other words, forgetting.
Forgetting is a protective unloading mechanism. But it is precisely this property of memory that often prevents us from reproducing previously received information at the right time. But by understanding what memory is and how it works, you can significantly improve its performance and master the technique of quick memorization.
Unsolved riddle
Memory is the ability to store and reproduce previously received information. The connections between nerve cells of the brain - neurons - are responsible for this process. The quantity and quality of these connections is directly proportional to the amount of accumulated knowledge and the volume of life experience of the individual.
However, not everything is as obvious and simple as it might seem at first glance. And here there is an interesting paradox: in 10 years, brain cells are completely renewed, but memories remain, and they do not lose their quality at all. Numerous experiments with the use of hypnosis techniques prove that absolutely everything that occurs to us is stored in our memory. life path. And although a large proportion of this information is stored at the subconscious level, under certain conditions it is quite possible to extract these memories.
memorization process
At the physiological level, the perceived information causes irritation of a group of neurons. Under the influence of such information impulses, neural connections are formed. Each repetition of the same material will activate the corresponding group of neurons, and the connections between them will be strengthened each time. Accordingly, the memory itself at the level of consciousness will become more stable and long-term. Although, in addition to the usual mechanical repetition, other factors also affect the quality of memorization.
Factors affecting the speed of memorization
1. Emotions
As you know, emotional rich events always leave the brightest trace in the memory of a person. By the same principle, information associated with great joy or great grief will certainly be remembered deeply and for a long time.
2. Concentration
The ability to abstract from external distractions and focus on the object of memorization also plays a significant role. In conjunction with the ability to concentrate, of course, are the motivation to memorize and willpower.
3. Interest
This is one of the most productive states to remember. Interest in something releases an incredible energy potential, and a person falls into the so-called state of flow. Many are probably familiar with the state when some kind of occupation captures so much that sometimes even the need for food and sleep is forgotten.
4. Physical and psychological condition
Obviously, in a harmonious state, a person will be more effective. It is a completely different matter when the resources of the body are depleted by lack of sleep, poor nutrition, illness or emotional stress. In this case, for the full activity of the brain, there simply will not be enough energy.
5. Importance and usefulness of information
It is easier for us to remember what is applicable in our Everyday life. Defense mechanisms brain, useless information is quickly erased from RAM so that overload does not occur. As an example, foreign language quickly forgotten if there is no constant language practice.
Quick Memorization Methods
1. Associations
With the help of associations, you can create connections between new unfamiliar information and already well-studied old information. This method is especially good when you need to memorize something with maximum accuracy. For example, an excerpt from artwork, poem, foreign words, character set, or theoretical definition.
Examples of different types of associations:
- Consonance: ionic pair - horse pair;
- Simple associations: snowboard - winter - snow - north - deer - antlers;
- Concretizing concepts: mammal - cow, berry - blackberry;
- Similarity of shapes and colors: graphite - night, planet - ball
2. Structuring
Breaking it down into chunks will help you digest information quickly. logical partitions and building cause-and-effect relationships between them.
For example, in history, the dividing points can be certain turning points: the beginning of the war, the conclusion of the treaty, the restructuring in the government, the revolution. And connections will be formed around these key points in the analysis of previous and subsequent events (for example: the causes of the war, the consequences of the war);
3. Emotional content
As noted earlier, what is remembered better is that which carries a bright emotional color. Therefore, by linking the memorized information with personal emotional experiences, this process can be significantly accelerated. A text read dramatically with appropriate gestures and facial expressions will be remembered much better and faster than the same text, but read monotonously and insensitively;
4. Intention
Preliminary volitional adjustment to learn a given amount of information will also increase the efficiency of memorization;
5. Practical examples
Long-term memorization is facilitated by the awareness of the applicability of the studied material in real life. life situations. Therefore, it is important to draw your own conclusions from any cognizable information: ethical lessons, current legislative precedents, or household tricks. Everything that is of practical use will take root in memory for a long time.
The complex application of the above methods will significantly reduce the time spent on memorization. And as a bonus, boring cramming is transformed into an exciting practice of knowledge.
