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Compulsory school subjects. Optional subjects at school. class: what subjects are studied

School is a place where a person receives a knowledge base that will help him find his occupation in life and vocation. The list of subjects at school is very diverse, and this helps the student to determine the direction in the exact or

The first thing with which learning begins is the Russian language, reading and mathematics. The main task in the first months is to accustom the child to perseverance and patience, diligence and accuracy, the desire to learn something new.

In addition to the main subjects, they also include disciplines such as drawing, technology, the world around them, singing and physical education, so that the child expands his horizons and can thus find his hobby.

From grades 4-5, a foreign language, religious culture and secular ethics are added, which expands the boundaries, opens up new directions.

Russian language and mathematics lessons

Russian language and mathematics are the main subjects that start from the first and end in the 11th grade. These two subjects are considered the basis of all the basics, because without them it is difficult to write or calculate anything, and in life it will be difficult to do without studying these subjects. A person can only speak, but his speech will be illiterate.

Unlike the Russian language, which is studied by all school years, mathematics is divided in grade 7 into 2 areas: algebra and geometry.

AT primary school the student learns basic skills: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, operations with fractional numbers, and only then algebra appears with the study of a coordinate system and a system of equations, as well as geometry, where vectors, stereometry, and planimetry are studied.

Biology, geography, history and computer science lessons

The list of subjects at school does not end with the main subjects. Such sciences as biology, chemistry, physics, history and social studies or geography lessons can become very interesting and exciting, where you can learn about the entire planet: in the classroom, children study the types of soils, minerals, climate and population of the globe, continents, countries and much more.

Thanks to such subjects, the student understands more and more what he would like to do after receiving his basic education, where he would like to go to study after school. Russian language and math bring out the humanities and fine minds, and additional required subjects help find direction.

For example, if a child loves The world", then biology and chemistry, then perhaps he wants to become a doctor or go to study as a pharmacist in order to create new drugs.

What subjects are missing at school?

All the subjects that are taught at school today, starting with the Russian language and literature and ending with geometry lessons and the second foreign language, must form an educated person who will find his way in life. But some scientists argue that there should be an additional list of subjects in school that are sure to come in handy in life:

Applied Mechanics - Many children find subjects like algebra and geometry to be very boring. But if all the rules and new topics were put into practice, surely more people would be carried away by the exact sciences.
Latin is the basis of the Romanesque group. Thanks to the knowledge of Latin, you can easily learn not only English, but also French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese.
The history of philosophy is a complex discipline that can not be understood even after school. However, such a subject will teach you to think in a more detailed, systematic way and help you get some ideas that may be useful in life.

In addition to these subjects, you can also add the study of martial arts, film production, familiarity with the directions of religion, music.

The new law on education was adopted at the end of last year and entered into force on September 1, 2013. The law made some changes to the education system and consolidated several innovations. Including, according to the new law on education, the compulsory subjects at school have changed.

The changes affected preschool, secondary (complete), primary vocational, higher and family education. Today, parents in kindergartens pay 20 percent of total amount keeping children in preschool. Under the new law, educational services will be provided free of charge, and additional ones will be paid. The list of paid services includes babysitting and care, food, communication costs, property, and so on.

The most serious concern among parents is the provision on new state standards on education. These standards are expected for each educational level. The new federal standards of education in elementary grades are already in effect, and from 2013 they will be launched in the middle level. As for the Unified State Examination, what will be new is that there will be another compulsory subject - a foreign language. It will be required for all high school students from 2014.

It is very important that legislators turned their attention to the non-state sector in education. Now state and non-state institutions have become equal in rights, which allows us to hope for the development of private initiative in education. The law also allows home education.

In accordance with the new law on education, the concept of education in the upper grades is specialized education. Two-thirds of the plan will be required subjects. Their students must choose from eight subject areas (mathematics and computer science, philology and a foreign language, social Sciences, natural Sciences, art, life safety and Physical Culture, technology). From each subject area, the student must choose at least one academic discipline. There should be 9-10 such items in total. Rest academic disciplines The student will choose based on the profile of training.

According to educational experts, thanks to new system, the burden on children should be reduced. Now schoolchildren will have the opportunity to study those subjects that they don’t particularly need, only on basic level. Some of the parents, in turn, are sure that the level of preparation of schoolchildren will also decrease. Especially catastrophic can be considered the situation when a high school student at school is engaged in an in-depth study of physics and mathematics, and as a result decides to enter the Faculty of Humanities. In this case, basic knowledge of humanitarian subjects will not make it possible to enter a university, and parents will be forced to hire tutors.

The Communists, led by the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov, submitted for consideration a draft amendment to the main law "On Education", according to which the law should contain a single academic plan for all subjects Russian Federation, containing a list of compulsory subjects, courses and disciplines, as well as their maximum volume. The Communists propose sixteen subjects as mandatory. Compulsory subjects in school under the new law on education, the communists believe, should be Russian, literature, mathematics, computer science, a foreign language, social studies, history, geography, physics, the basics of natural science, biology, chemistry, technology, art, life safety and physical education. The authors are confident that the innovation will solve the problem of "inconsistency in curricula".

Since September 1, 2013, the conditions for admission to the university have also changed. Now only winners of all-Russian competitions can enter the university without exams. school olympiads, members of Russian national teams participating in international Olympiads in general education subjects, champions or prize-winners of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Disabled people are enrolled in the university out of competition, having passed entrance tests. The remaining categories of beneficiaries have the right to take advantage of two support measures: to take preparatory courses at an educational institution for free and to receive an advantage in enrollment with an equal number of points.

Parents are very worried about the question: will schooling become paid, because the new law allows the development of paid services at school. It is necessary to understand that the state gives a guarantee of affordable and high-quality free education within the state standard. The standard gives the student extensive knowledge that allows him to enter higher education. educational institution. At the same time, the new law on education also provides for an increase in paid educational services at school. For knowledge that goes beyond educational standards, parents will have to pay. Whether certain knowledge is included in the educational standard is easy enough to check. As for the cost of the service, it is determined by the school, and an economically justified calculation of this cost, together with a draft contract for the service, is posted on the website of the institution.

In chapter:

In our country, elementary school lasts 4 years. All this time the students are taught by one teacher. However, after the end of the 4th grade, the student will meet with other teachers and new subjects. What subjects in the 5th grade will the student begin to study?

Of course, graduating from elementary school and moving on to secondary school means more responsibility and gaining new knowledge. But, at the same time, the student will get acquainted with those subjects that, perhaps, will define him. future profession. Also, instead of one familiar teacher, the student will meet with different teachers, and each has its own requirements.

List of subjects in grade 5

Parents are also interested in the list of subjects in grade 5 so that they can better prepare their child for the new school year. So, what subjects in the 5th grade will the child begin to study? AT Russian schools, teaching according to the generally accepted program, the list of subjects in grade 5 is as follows:

Under the new rules, schools can add subjects approved by the Ministry to the program. So, in many schools they study local history and civics in addition to the main subjects. Local history is the history of the region where the student lives, the study of its geography, region, minerals. And civics teaches the student the basic knowledge of Russian legislation, which is very useful in the modern world.

What are 5th grade subjects about?

The 5th grade program includes 15 core subjects. In addition to the main classes, the student will also have optional classes. The list of optional classes is chosen by the student and his parents themselves. Such activities include:

Rhetoric;
local history;
Jurisprudence;
Chess;
Philosophy;
Fundamentals of religious culture and secular ethics.

By the way, each school may have its own extracurricular activities. The elective also includes Classroom hour, on which the students, together with class teacher discuss pressing issues.

Many parents (and students too) want to know what the new subjects studied in the 5th grade are about.

ODNKNR and social studies in grade 5

Unfamiliar names of objects always scare both students and their parents. So, ODNKNR was introduced into the school curriculum quite recently and its name raises a lot of questions.

ODNKNR (Fundamentals of the Spiritual and Moral Culture of the Peoples of Russia) is a discipline that studies the culture of different peoples of Russia. The subject gives basic knowledge about the history and characteristics of the religions and culture of these peoples, and is also designed to instill respect for these peoples. At the lessons, children read fairy tales of the peoples of the North, study the ethnic characteristics of our country.

Social science studies a person as a part of society. At the lessons, schoolchildren will learn the basics of the legal system of our country, get acquainted with the economy and politics. The knowledge gained in the lessons of social science will help the student to form his own civic position in the future and make him a legally literate citizen of the country.

Literature

Although literature in grade 5 is not much different from elementary school, it still has its own characteristics. At literature lessons, schoolchildren will get acquainted with fairy tales of the peoples of the world, with the works of Russian and Soviet writers. In addition to the works themselves, students will also study the biography of famous writers, memorize and analyze the meaning of the works.

Literature lessons are given 3 hours a week.

In literature, as a rule, they give a task not for summer - a list of works for the summer that need to be read by the new school year.

Music

Some time ago, this subject was called "Singing", and in the form in which children study it now, it entered the school curriculum quite recently. If earlier it all came down to learning and singing songs, now students devote more time to studying musical history and culture, listening to the sound of various musical instruments, getting acquainted with the work and biographies of composers and singers, and getting acquainted with the features of opera and ballet.

1 hour per week is allotted for music lessons.

Informatics

The program provides 1-2 hours per week for computer science lessons. Many schools introduce computer science classes as extracurricular activities already in elementary school, but only in the 5th grade does computer science become a full-fledged lesson with the opportunity to master a computer and computer programs. Most often, the computer science program includes the study of programs such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Paint.

Needless to say, many students, having come to the 5th grade, are already familiar with the main programs, so computer science lessons for them seem quite simple and interesting.

Technology (labor)

1 hour per week is allotted for technology lessons. Technology is one of the few subjects in the school curriculum in which boys study separately from girls.

Most often, girls study cooking, prepare various dishes (if there is a kitchen), learn to set the table, model and sew clothes, learn how to handle a sewing machine and knitting needles.

Boys at technology lessons learn different tools, make crafts and household items.

In the new year, the government proposed to study robotics in technology classes, during which students will get acquainted with modern technologies, in particular 3D modeling.

ISO (drawing)

The number of hours per week allocated for fine arts is 1 hour. At the lessons of fine arts, schoolchildren learn not only to draw, but also various areas of painting and graphics, study the history of art, get acquainted with the work of great domestic and world artists.

In addition, in the art lessons, students draw in different techniques using different tools. This discipline is designed to develop the creative potential of the student, because it is precisely for creative activities that the modern student does not have enough time.

Russian language and mathematics

The main subjects in modern schools of all are Russian language and mathematics. They have 5 hours per week.

Students improve the knowledge gained in elementary school: they learn to solve more complex problems and examples, get acquainted with fractions, equations and inequalities, coordinates and the basics of geometry.

The Russian language will give the student more detailed knowledge about the already known parts of speech, introduce them to new ones, give the concept of phrases and their types.

Generally, school program in the 5th grade is not much more difficult than in the 4th. It can be successfully called preparation for the next school tests.

Preparing for the new school year is a complex process. Many little things require the attention of parents of future fifth-graders - this is the purchase of office supplies, the purchase of workbooks, and the choice of a suitable backpack or bag. But the most important thing you need to know is the list of subjects that will be taught in grade 5 in the 2017-2018 academic year.

Required items:

Mathematics - 5 hours a week are allotted for its study;
Russian language - 5 hours a week;
Literature - 3 hours a week;
Foreign language - most often English, 3 hours a week;
Physical education - 3 hours a week;
History - 2 hours per week;
Geography - 1 hour per week;
Music - 1 hour per week;
Visual arts - 1 hour per week;
OBZh - the basics of life safety, 1 hour per week;
Technology - in the fifth grade it comes to replace labor, since 2017, within the framework of technology, it is supposed to study robotics, 1 hour per week.

This is a very important innovation, since already from the fifth grade, students will be able to master modern technologies, including 3D modeling, for which 3D printers will be supplied to schools.

As you can see, there are only 11 general subjects studied on a mandatory basis. However, in fact, the schedule of a fifth-grader is much wider. And here's why: in addition to the compulsory disciplines prescribed by the basic curriculum, there are a number of optional and optional subjects studied as prescribed by the school or at the discretion of the parents.

Optional subjects, their complete list and teaching methods are determined by the school administration independently:

Natural science - depending on the accepted educational module, it can be included in the number of compulsory subjects,
Biology - the subject is studied either as part of the OBZh or is introduced as an independent one, from 1 to 2 hours a week;
Informatics - at the discretion of the school administration, the study of ICT can begin both in the 5th grade and in the 7th, 1-2 hours a week
Civics - not studied everywhere, as a rule, 1 hour per week;
Social studies - it is included in the number of compulsory subjects starting from the 6th grade, in the 5th grade it is studied as an optional subject;
The second foreign language - most often German or French, is studied in tandem with English; conducted in parallel with the main foreign language or at the discretion of the parents as an elective 1-3 hours a week;
Natural science is a natural science discipline, 1 hour per week is allotted for its study; often replaced by natural history or biology;
Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics - can be studied as an optional course, 1 hour per week;
ODNKNR - teaching the basics of culture and traditions of the peoples of Russia can be conducted within several subjects or as an independent discipline;
Local history - this subject can be included both in the educational module on history, and taught as an independent discipline.

In addition to these disciplines, the school can teach as optional disciplines and other subjects, as well as interest clubs and sports sections. Most often it is:

Grade 5: What are we learning?

Changes made to educational process, can confuse not only unprepared parents, but even teachers. And therefore, before the start of the school year and at the beginning of each new quarter, the question “what do we study in the fifth grade” is more relevant than ever.

The disciplines that will be taught in the fifth grade in the 2017-2018 academic year are determined by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science, which is called "On the Approval and Entry into Force of the Federal State Educational Standard of the Basic general education". It was last updated on December 31, 2015. The list of subjects studied in grade 5 is formed as follows: each school draws up its own curriculum for the coming academic year. The plan is drawn up on the basis of the above order, as well as the Federal Law "On Education", federal standards education, basic plans provided by the profiling agency, and a number of other regulatory documents. However, the school has the right to make changes to curriculum- the main thing is to withstand the prescribed number of hours of compulsory disciplines.

Watch a video about preparing for grade 5: