Kulina Margarita Sergeevna
student

Scientific adviser:
Timirgaleeva Aigyul Renatovna
Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor
AND ABOUT. head Department of Humanities and Social Disciplines
Naberezhnye Chelny branch of the Kazan National Research Technical University them. A.N. Tupolev-KAI"
Naberezhnye Chelny

The Russian language for Russia is the main means of communication and a mirror of national culture. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the Russian language is one of the foundations of Russian statehood. The huge role of the Russian language in the modern world is determined by its cultural value, its power and greatness.

We see particular importance in strengthening the positions of the Russian language among the modern youth generation, because it is at this age that the final formation of the worldview falls, moral principles are formed and various stereotypes are formed. During this period, it is very important to direct this development in the right, right direction and to educate certain moral and ethical standards in the individual.

A special place in the youth segment is occupied by students - the future business and intellectual elite of society, people who will continue to determine and implement the main ways of its development. In addition, today in the youth environment, students are the leader of opinions, influencing the formation of values ​​among young people in general. Therefore, understanding the need to form a speech culture among the younger generation as a whole, we single out student youth as a special group, of paramount importance, which will be the key audience for this study.

The main problem in the youth environment is the contamination of the language with youth slang.

It is impossible to imagine modern youth without slang at all. The main advantages here are expressiveness and brevity. It is no coincidence that slang is currently used in the press and even in literature (and not only in the detective genre) to give liveliness to speech. Even statesmen high-ranking people use slang expressions in their speeches. Therefore, one cannot treat slang as something that only pollutes the Russian language. It is an integral part of our speech. But we should not move away from this problem either.

According to linguists, most new slang words arise quite naturally from specific situations, reflecting the emergence of new objects, things, objects, ideas or events. As an example, consider the reasons for the rapid formation of computer slang. The e-mail did not return students to grammar and spelling, as previously expected. It "legitimized" youth slang and did not instill in children the skills of literate writing.

L.V. Shcherba wrote: “The literary language accepts much that is imposed on it by the spoken language and dialects, and in this way its development takes place, but only when it has adapted the new to its system, correcting and remaking it accordingly.”

Another unpleasant phenomenon among the public, and even more so among young people, is obscene language.

Scientists have proved that all "bad" vocabulary is native, Slavic, connected by thousands of threads with the nationwide lexical wealth of all Slavic languages. Perhaps that is why, in recent years, swear words have been increasingly used in literature, cinematography, and on television, which causes public protests. Even the classics of Russian literature used swear words, but all our major writers, in addition to censorship, had their own internal editor - conscience, it did not allow excesses on book pages, because the use of swearing in literary works is a problem of the author's artistic taste, his sense of proportion.

In our time, to our great regret, profanity has firmly entered the everyday colloquial speech of a huge number of Russian people. Swearing begins to take on the dimensions of a nationwide cultural disaster. And this cannot be left to chance, it is necessary to take serious measures to eliminate this problem.

However, one of the biggest problems among young people is illiteracy. And every year the number of illiterate young people is growing with a terrifying progression. CMC-messages exchanged today by young people generally reject all the rules of the Russian language: punctuation marks, capital letters are excluded, word abbreviations are actively used. All this is automatically transferred to notebooks.

A higher educational institution, as a social institution, has great opportunities for the formation of moral and ethical standards among modern youth. These opportunities can be realized both in the process of educational and extracurricular activities. Exactly at student community, within the walls of the native university, the student can form the correct attitude towards the Russian language.

The university is one of the most effective social institutions that can contribute to the development of Russian speech culture and the Russian language in general.

However, after analyzing the mandatory minimum of the basic educational program of the state educational standard
higher vocational education, it was found that disciplines that contribute, firstly, to develop moral and ethical qualities in young people, and secondly, to teach literate speech and writing, account for approximately 12% of the entire cycle of disciplines (culturology, rhetoric, the Russian language and culture of speech and etc.), which proves their extreme insufficiency in the formation of a system of significant values ​​for the personality of a university graduate. The minimum of these disciplines was achieved in technical specialties. This suggests that too little attention is paid to the Russian language.

We conducted a survey among students of the Naberezhnye Chelny branch of KNRTU-KAI in order to identify the level of students' awareness of the issues under study, the degree of their involvement in solving the problems under study, the level of interest.

Thus, it should be noted that the formation of speech culture and strengthening the position of the Russian language among young people is an urgent task.

Literature:

1. Rosenthal D.E., Golub I.B., Telenkova M.A. Modern Russian language. - M., 2008.

2. Shiryaev E.N. Speech culture as a linguistic discipline// Russian Language and Modernity: Problems and Prospects for the Development of Russian Studies. - M., 2001.

What worries the scientific and cultural community of the country most of all?
First. Widespread profanity. It covered all segments of the population from older age to youngsters of kindergarten age. Obscene language can be heard everywhere - on the street, in industrial premises, in university and school corridors, in television films, seen in abundance on the pages of so-called "artistic" works. In the dictionary of V.M. Mokienko "The Field of Russian Battle" collected 8500 obscene words and expressions, which indicates the "prosperity" of the Russian mat. The media does not give a worthy assessment of this disgusting phenomenon.
And from time to time, a discussion that flares up in the pages of the central and local press about obscene language notes not only the harm of foul language, but also ... the benefit (?!). In publications devoted to the defense of swearing, ridiculous reasons are given as its justification: to relieve stress (allegedly this is the recommendation of modern doctors), to prevent physical violence, to ease the soul, and even: if swearing created language, then why? You need to use it. At the same time, the question does not arise about the rules of decency, about the humiliation of feelings dignity those who use foul language.
I remember that some time ago a decree was issued banning swearing in public places, punishing those responsible with a fine. But the fate of this decree is the same as that of many others.
According to the survey, among various groups of the population, there were 29% of those who regard swearing as “indecent” words, 54% consider them “impolite”, and 17% are tolerant, as if they were colloquial slang (“Arguments and Facts”. No. 1 - 2, 2000).
The following result of the survey is also indicative: “Among those who like to speak obscene words with sosmak, there were also all Russian prime ministers, except for Kiriyenko and Primakov, almost all pop stars and many brilliant actors, including women” (ibid.).
Comments, as they say, are unnecessary.

Second. Jargonization of Russian speech. In 1997, Viktor Astafiev published a sharply publicistic essay “Charmed by the Word” (“Student Meridian”, No. 5-6, 1997), in which he not only spoke about those who protect and preserve the Russian language, instill love and reverent attitude towards the language, but also about the fact that “there was a substitution of the language, people began to communicate with their neighbors with more ordinary, prison-camp-exiled slang, which is precisely called by our contemporaries “blatnyatina”.
The jargonization of Russian speech has a large nutritional base - these are various argots, or jargons, from criminal to youth.
In 2000, a monograph was published by professor of St. Petersburg State University V.V. Himiska entitled "The Poetics of the Low, or Vernacular as a Cultural Phenomenon". It has a section “Language of the criminal world”, the content of which can lead to shock: it turns out that many words that are widely used in the media, even in headlines, represent the criminal lexicon (criminonyms). I will give examples without translation, because they are well known to us: godfather, hillock, convict, heifer, prostitute, cop, opera, dill, grandmas, weed, wet, throw, run over, go crazy, drip, trudge, awesome, sit on a needle , catch a buzz, give oak, throw back skates and many others.
The author of the monograph notes the amazing stability and vitality of the criminal lexicon (over the past 200 years, judging by the sources, it has not changed in the basic part).
If earlier youth jargon (the second source of speech jargon), consisting of school and student layers, was a temporary phenomenon, had a small vocabulary, now it claims to be a common language that replaces colloquial literary speech: youth jargon, submitted by dictionaries, has over 11 thousand words and expressions, it has “aged” (people speak jargon both at 30 and 40 years old), the scope of its use has expanded (from university and school buildings it has moved to production, to the family, etc.).
Jargon grasps 5-7 semantic spheres, while there are hundreds of them in the literary language, there are many words in it that are contemptuous, dismissive of elders, parents (ancestors, skulls, shoelaces), peers (loh, burdock) and others people.
From a harmless speech phenomenon, youth jargon has turned into a social evil that the media do not fight, and in some cases even encourage its rooting. How else to call Alexei Kolosov's jazz advertisement, which is heard several times daily on Radio Rossiya, and contains a set of jargon: "When the people are ...".
It is not surprising that the speech of the intelligentsia is jargonized, in which the words puncture, sure, screw up, lime and fake, lawlessness, reach the handle, cool and cool, cool and cool, hangout, etc. are not uncommon.

Third. Reckless borrowing, mainly English words and expressions.
There have always been borrowings into the Russian language. They came to us as a result of contacts with other peoples and states. And they are necessary in cases where there is no correspondence in the language. Not all foreign words are fixed in the language. The names of a new object (in the broadest sense of the word), concepts (transistor, curtains, investment), or such borrowings that can replace a whole phrase (safe - fireproof cabinet, sniper - accurate shooter, stayer - long-distance runner) remain and are mastered by the language , summit - summit,), or foreign words denoting a variety of the already named subject (comfort - comfort, baseball, windsurfing) and art (underground, thriller, hit).
Channels through which a stream of foreign words flows. The leading role is played by the mass media: the central and local press, radio and television. The avalanche of borrowing comes through advertising.
In the last decade, signboards have been transformed in all parts of Russia. They were not subject to the state Law on Advertising. foreign words advertising of cities is replete: Catherine-Regionas, Reol, Bronco, Runa, Verda Kwan. Advertising should talk about the purpose of a particular object. What can the Tomsk Plasa say about - and even in Latin?
Normal person finds himself in a strange faceless world, even if the advertising names are written in Russian letters. There is a sense of insecurity in hometown from other people's words.
It is estimated that in the Russian language 90% of native Russian words. With such a resource, he will be able to withstand any onslaught, take down the garbage and leave the right thing. But this does not mean that a person should stand aside and wait. Wait until English interjections and particles sound in speech - wow, ok, wait until the ugly word inauguration is used, against which Viktor Astafyev rebelled, caustically ridiculing him. Wait until journalists, radio and television workers realize the perniciousness of the position taken by many - to be conductors of other people's words.
A good example was set by French President Jacques Chirac, who banned the use of borrowing in advertising.

Fourth. There is another disease of Russian speech, about which the wonderful children's writer K.I. Chukovsky in the book "Alive as life". He wrote about the pollution of Russian speech with clerical stamps and expressions, about the invasion of purely bookish words into live colloquial speech. Chukovsky called this disease "clerical". The writer cites, among others, such an example of a clerk heard during a walk in the park. It was raining. A couple were sitting on a bench. The young man, carefully covering the girl with his cloak, asked: “Honey, is my cloak limiting you?”
Ugly manifestations of clerkship are also found in the speech of Tomsk residents: “At what stage of the problem is the question?” (radio broadcast from 08.02.96).
From the announcement at the information desk of the Tomsk-1 railway station: "Train 613 Bely Yar - Mariinsk departing from the schedule 40 minutes late" (08/25/89).
Recently, another example of a clerk has appeared. On the radio "Tomsk" the word "settlement" sounded. "Head of the Kolpashevsky urban settlement", "Head of the Kargasoksky rural settlement", etc. It is possible that this word came from some business papers, but it is simply undesirable for wide communication, because in one of the meanings it means " locality, as well as in general a place where someone lives, lives! Settlement of beavers; in another - "forced placement in a remote place as a punishment for something." (Dictionary of the Russian language. Compiled by SI. Ozhegov, M., 1990). The Tomsk region is just one of those places where “kulaks” with young children and the elderly, “foreign intelligence spies”, etc. were exiled, many of them were shot. Comments are superfluous.

Fifth. Words-inserts, fillers of pauses. The good developed speech no pause filler. Over the years, this role has been and is being played, so to speak (te-se-ze), well, here it is. In our time, such a pause filler has become a long a (for the first time, I heard this in the speeches of Boris Berezovsky) or less often e. And now it's becoming just a scourge. It's hard to speak like that, it's hard to listen to.
Before our eyes, two more attacks on Russian speech arose. This time, the word pancake was sacrificed, which first turned from a noun into a swear word (according to the fatal coincidence of the initial consonants with an obscene word), and then, having gained deafening popularity on television, on the pages of newspapers, having been in advertising and even in a song, passed in an interjection - a filler of pauses and a spokesman for dissatisfaction with everything and everyone; and a union, as it were, which received no less deafening popularity among all segments of the population and all professions, regardless of age and merit, displacing almost all the words from the prepared phrase: I seemed to have come yesterday, as it were, to a store, but there seemed to be no more what I wanted to buy.

Answer left Guest

Submit an application Personal accountMainRegulations on the festival and competitionsSearch the siteSectionsCompetition "Presentation for the lesson"Competition " Electronic textbookна уроке»Конкурс региональной истории РоссииАстрономияБиологияНачальная школаГеографияИностранные языкиИнформатикаИстория и обществознаниеКраеведениеЛитератураМатематикаМузыкаМХК и ИЗООБЖОРКСЭРусский языкСпорт в школе и здоровье детейТехнологияФизикаХимияЭкологияЭкономикаАдминистрирование школыВнеклассная работаИнклюзивное образованиеКлассное руководствоКоррекционная педагогикаЛогопедияОбщепедагогические технологииОрганизация школьной библиотекиПатриотическое воспитаниеРабота с дошкольникамиРабота с родителямиСоциальная педагогикаУрок с использованием электронного учебникаШкольная психологическая службаКупите все school supplies at a time!Modern youth speech: norm or antinormZenina Oksana Stepanovna, Deputy Director for educational work, psychologist Sections: School psychological service Communication is one of the most important areas of life for a teenager and a high school student. The formation of the future personality depends on how communication develops. When communicating, the speech of modern youth infuriates teachers, parents, representatives of the older generation, who react sharply to expressions that cut their ears. Indeed, there is something to worry about: according to recent studies, in adolescence, the degree of jargon of speech (defined in such a seemingly harmless sphere of general evaluative synonymous words: “good” - “bad”) exceeds 50% for boys and 33 % for girls, i.e. “hit”, “fly away”, “otpad”, “super”, “cool”, “cool”, “cool” and similar words half replace literary expressions. Speech is a specific form of reflection of reality. It follows the changes taking place in our lives, associated with a change in cultural orientations, values, attitudes. Youth speech reflects the unstable cultural and linguistic state of society, balancing on the verge of the literary language and jargon. In different periods of the development of society, the language was also different. In the 20-30s. colloquial speech was overwhelmed by waves of street elements - homeless children, thieves - as well as the rally language of revolutionary sailors and soldiers (from them - the appeal "brother"). At different periods of history, communities of people united by a common cause, common interests, and most of all - the consciousness of brotherhood and alienation from the rest of society, invented their own special ways communication, oral and written. For them, it was important that outsiders did not understand them - and hence the various methods of encryption and metaphorization, transferring the meanings of words.

GBOU SPO "Tver Polytechnic College"

research project as part of the work of the creative laboratory

MODERN YOUTH SPEECH:
NORM OR ANTINORM?

Supervisor:

Karpicheva Natalya Anatolyevna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

TVER

2015

Introduction ................................................ ................................................. ....3

Main part:

2.1. The role of social factors in the formation of the speech of modern adolescents.................................................. ................................................5

2.2. The adolescent's need for self-expression and understanding..................................8

Expansion of the sphere of communication between young people...............................................11

2.4. The role of the teacher in the formation of the student's speech ..............................16

Practical part .............................................................. ....................................19

Conclusion................................................. ...................................................22

Bibliography................................................ ....................................24

1. Introduction

Communication is one of the most important areas of life for a teenager. The formation of the future personality depends on how communication develops. When communicating, the speech of today's youth infuriates teachers, parents, representatives of the older generation, who react sharply to expressions cutting their ears. In fact, there is something to worry about: according to recent studies, in adolescence, the degree of jargon of speech (defined in such a seemingly harmless sphere of general evaluative synonymous words: “good” - “bad”) exceeds 50% for young men and 33 % for girls, i.e. get hurt, styo t, otpad, super, cool, cool, clyo in and such catchphrases half supplant literary expressions.

Speech is a specific form of reflection of reality. It follows the changes taking place in our lives, associated with a change in cultural orientations, values, attitudes. What was typical for tsarist Russia, was once denied and rethought within the framework of Soviet culture. What we are seeing now is largely due to the denial of Soviet culture. And, of course, the properties of speech and the properties of the environment are interconnected. Just as a teenager does not exist outside the family, school, etc., so these social institutions do not exist separately from the individuals interacting with them and thanks to them, thereby influencing speech.

The purpose of this work is to study the reasons for the use in the speech of adolescents a large number jargon and the role of the teacher in shaping the culture of speech, as a set of skills and knowledge of the student, ensuring the expedient and uncomplicated use of the language in order to communicate not only with peers.

To achieve this goal, the work provides for the solution of a number of phased tasks:

The role of social factors in the formation of the speech of modern adolescents.

The need of adolescents for self-expression and mutual understanding.

The expansion of the sphere of youth communication is the embodiment of the need to experience new experiences, to test oneself in a new role.

The role of the teacher in the formation of adolescent speech.

2. Main body

2.1. The role of social factors in the formation of the speech of modern adolescents

Youth speech reflects the unstable cultural and linguistic state of society, balancing on the verge of the literary language and jargon. In different periods of the development of society, the language was also different. In the 20-30s. colloquial speech was overwhelmed by waves of street elements - homeless children, thieves - as well as the rally language of revolutionary sailors and soldiers (from them - the appeal little brother). The question arose sharply about the preservation of the literary language, about the ways of its further development. due to a change in the contingent of carriers - in this formulation of the outstanding linguist E.D. Polivanov, one feels not only the revolutionary enthusiasm of the era, but also bitterness, and awareness of the tragedy of the moment that caused change contingent of carriers. And the Russian language survived, survived - in accordance with the paradox of E.D. Polivanova: The development of the literary language lies, in particular, in the fact that it changes less and less. Jargon, apparently, is not a new phenomenon in our linguistic history. And not only in ours. Jargon - English slang, French slang- a phenomenon characteristic of language development. In different periods of history, communities of people, united by a common cause, common interests, and most of all, by the consciousness of brotherhood and alienation from the rest of society, invented their own special ways of communicating, oral and written. For them, it was important that outsiders did not understand them - and hence all sorts of methods of encryption and metaphorization, transferring the meanings of words.

Now the so-called common jargon - an understated style of speech that blurs both the norms of the language and the norms of speech etiquette - is becoming familiar not only in everyday communication, but also sounds on television and radio. Also present in modern society relevance of cultural achievements Western civilization- a completely natural price for a step taken towards her. What is connected there with the show industry, which is based on several socially exploited ideas related to money, sex, violence, jargon, and what is perceived there mainly as a kind of spectacular form, sounds like a kind of guide to action for us.

The youth, being the predominant carrier of jargon, makes it an element of pop culture, which in turn makes it prestigious and necessary for self-expression. There are enough examples of this in the lyrics (“I have everything do not care"- the group" Spleen "," You hesitated"- the Disco Crash group, words from the song of Mikhey Jumanji:" ... in order or to understand the price life... ”(from the English word life - life), in radio programs and musical television, which the modern high school student is guided by.

Rapid and constant acceleration and renewal are the leading characteristics of the modern life that the Russian teenager lives. Scientific and technological revolutions make communication an extremely dynamic system, stimulating a radical change in social ties and forms of human communication. In modern culture, there is a pronounced layer of innovations that constantly hack and rebuild the cultural tradition, thereby complicating the processes of socialization and adaptation of a person to the constantly changing conditions and requirements of life. The complication of the socio-cultural reality, accompanied by the breaking of traditions and norms of various spheres of life, the rapid and all-encompassing spread of mass culture products, cause an alarming scale. modern crisis communication.

2.2. The adolescent's need for self-expression and understanding

Another reason for the use of jargon in youth speech is the need of young people for self-expression and mutual understanding.

Despite the established ideas about high school students as people who are completely turned to the future, one can find a lot of evidence of their preoccupation with the present. Even self-determination, although directed with all its goals, expectations, hopes for the future, is nevertheless carried out as self-determination in the present - in the practice of living reality and about current events. From these positions, the importance of communication should also be assessed - an activity that occupies a huge place in the life of adolescents and older students and represents an independent value for them.

Informal communication is subject to such motives as the search for the most favorable psychological conditions for communication, the expectation of sympathy and empathy, the thirst for sincerity and unity in views, the need to assert oneself. In the light of all of the above, communication with comrades becomes a great value for a teenager. It often becomes so attractive and important that the teaching is relegated to the background, the opportunity to communicate with the father and mother no longer looks so attractive. Full communication in the youth environment is impossible without knowing its language.

The youth language implies the use of slang words, swear words as a kind of interjections or simply ways of connecting sentences that do not express negative emotions. Nevertheless, the rough aggressiveness of such a form of speech, even devoid of an offensive direction, is unattractive and can hardly serve as evidence of taste and eloquence. Rather, it is a manifestation of a "linguistic disease" - thoughtlessness and denial of norms, primitivism and linguistic atavism, inherent in adolescence. It's one thing when without the "article b ..." a person cannot speak and is able to reduce the entire breadth of the Russian language to countless derivatives of 3-4 roots. But it is also impossible to unequivocally put an end to this side of the language - how then to read "Moscow-Petushki", for example, the same Pushkin, after all? It is possible to turn away from this, to pretend that this does not exist, but it is called hypocrisy. Moreover, the swear word used by a teenager (of course, in a proper setting) can be more effective than lengthy arguments and long conversations at the right time and place. Apparently, in a certain period of growth, young people have to get over this disease in order to overcome its primitive element and realize the dignity and strength of the Russian language.

And the teacher should educate his students in such a way: do not rush to the “embrasure” of the TV when there are films with the use of inappropriate vocabulary, mindlessly “absorb” all the vocabulary taken from the Internet, in particular chats. It is much more important to show a teenager what is beautiful and what is disgusting, what is really pleasant to hear, and what is only disgusting. Then the children will not write on the walls and use the “Russian folk word” in their speech, and they will know that a swear word used in the presence of an adult is regarded as an insult and will try not to do this.

2.3. Expanding the scope of youth communication

The most important processes transitional age Levin considers the expansion of the life world of the individual, her social circle, group affiliation and the type of people she focuses on. Modern technologies expand the boundaries of communication. For example, the advent of the Internet has allowed modern youth to “hang out” in chats (from the English wordchat- chatter) and thereby significantly expand your social circle. And since the bulk of those who communicate in this way are young people, it is not surprising that the corresponding norm of speech is being mastered. And since the behavior of a teenager, a young man is determined, first of all, by the intermediateness of his position, then moving from the children's world to the adult, the teenager does not belong completely to either one or the other, thereby seeking support from peers and building a wall of alienation from the adult . The specificity of his social situation and life world is also manifested in the psyche, which is characterized by internal contradictions, the uncertainty of the level of claims, increased shyness and at the same time aggressiveness, a tendency to take extreme positions and points of view. This tension and conflict is the greater, the sharper the differences between the world of childhood and the world of adulthood and the more important the boundaries separating them. Therefore, the degree of "adolescent behavior" is never the same. She accepts different forms: in particular, the language of a teenager serves as a protest. And the element that feeds this youth language is everything new, unconventional or rejected: the speech of music fans, music television, in particularMTV, and the speech of drug addicts, computer jargon and urban vernacular, English language and thieves' slang. Each of these components has its own sphere, its own subject and at the same time represents a wide field for borrowing (don't load me - from the jargon of computer scientists;trudge, stick out Decla - from the jargon of drug addicts). Elements borrowed from the literary language are rethought in a playful, ironic way.: it is absolutely parallel to me, purely purple, on the drum .

For youth jargon, in addition to alienation, an emotional and playful beginning is characteristic. Why, if young people know how to speak correctly, do they speak incorrectly? Why does he prefer to use condemned forms of speech, knowing the prestigious, normative ones? Yes, simply because it has a different system of values, a different prestige, a different norm - an antinorm. And in this anti-norm, the main principle is the element of shock, shake-up, so that shake the people and an element of ridicule, so that it is not boring, funny, cool. This is both a challenge to a prosperous, prosperous society, and a rejection of its norms, its models, its decency. styo t, waste, orgasm! - so today's schoolgirl can express delight, she will name boring music depression, and an exemplary classmate - botanist.

Another game technique used in youth jargon is the convergence of words based on sound similarity, sound transfer: for example, lemon instead of million, soap, emela instead of e-mail(from the English word Email).

So, a joke, a game is a positive element of youth speech. Hardly anyone can seriously fight this.

Another important characteristic of youth speech is its "primitiveness". The association with the language of some primitive society arises when teachers observe the instability, the constant change of jargon, both in time and in space. Not having time to gain a foothold, some forms of speech give way to others: for example, not so old slang mani(from the English word money - money) replaced bucks and grandmas. Similar processes were noted at the beginning of the century by ethnographers in the languages ​​of the South American Indians, for which the missionaries did not have time to rewrite dictionaries. This is the natural state of any language education in the period of its formation.

Another sign of the "primitiveness" of youth jargon is the uncertainty, blurring of the meanings of the words included in it. Pageyo me, cool, I'm fucking can be both positive and negative assessment of the situation. This includes as pancake! and fir-trees!, used in jargon only as emotional exclamations, and words like crust(s), funny, cool, styo t, plague. Being used as emotional interjections, they almost completely lose their meaning, which is displaced by the emotional component of meaning, which is strongly accentuated in a certain situation. The same group includes phrases full atas, full paragraph, full scribe.

Depending on the situation and circle of communication, these words can express a variety of - up to the opposite - emotions: disappointment, irritation, admiration, surprise, joy, etc. At the same time, more or less adequate "recognition" of the expressed emotion by the listener cannot be carried out without intonation, facial expressions, gestures of the speaker, as well as context.

So, the main reprehensible quality of youth jargon, which is formed by the adolescent's social circle, is its pronounced atavistic primitivism. In addition to vague semantics, it also manifests itself in the understatement of those areas of vocabulary from which its resources are drawn, and in the stylistically understated grammatical means used in speech; these are, in particular, derogatory suffixes - - nyak, -nya (otkhodnyak, depressnyak, tusnyak, tusnya), truncation (nerd), familiar suffixes in personal names (Dimon, Kolyan, Yurets). And finally , in a significant proportion of borrowings from colloquial vocabulary. All these techniques are a conscious choice made in speech behavior between adolescents. And speech behavior is also regulated by the norm or antinorm. Modern youth jargon chooses an anti-norm.

2.4. The role of the teacher in shaping the speech of adolescents

The teacher, firstly, is an intelligent, educated, cultured person without good speech. Secondly, to achieve mastery in the field correct speech is possible only if you work on yourself: to replenish knowledge, broaden your horizons, actively communicate with other people, assimilating not only the best examples of speech behavior, but also constantly enriching yourself spiritually.

The specificity of the teaching profession lies in the constant active contact, mainly with adolescents. The teacher's work is aimed at shaping the student's personality, developing certain rules of behavior, and intellectual development. The teacher must have not only psychological, special knowledge, but also professional communication skills. The speech of the teacher is the main instrument of pedagogical influence and at the same time a model for students.

The speech of the teacher serves to convey information to the listeners. In addition, it always has a didactic orientation, i.e. Simultaneously with the transfer of information, learning tasks are solved. This puts forward special requirements for the selection, methods of organizing and presenting information, i.e. to the content and form of pedagogical speech.

Any pedagogical communication is the communication of an educator and a pupil. The educational orientation of the teacher's speech involves a special approach to the selection of information and its presentation.

The speech of the teacher serves as a model that the teenager perceives and according to which he learns to build his speech. At the same time, it should be remembered that for the student, the teacher's speech is often the only example of the literary norm and the correct construction of speech in general. Because of this Special attention one should pay attention to the form of pedagogical speech, its normative nature, make it accessible not only for perception, but to a certain extent for imitation.

The style of pedagogical communication is a set of behavioral reactions in which the qualities of the teacher's personality, the manner of communication of the teacher with the youth, as well as his behavior in various situations are manifested. professional activity. The style of pedagogical communication depends, as mentioned, on the individual qualities of the teacher: the mental properties of the personality, intellect, as well as on the role setting that the teacher determines for himself, i.e. on how and how he sees, wants to see himself in communication with children, what role he plays in the process of professional activity. There is no generally accepted classification of styles of pedagogical communication. The following are most common: 1) communication-intimidation (the teacher suppresses children, dictates his own terms, plays the role of "despot", "dictator"); 2) communication-flirting (a teacher who is not confident in his knowledge and teaching skills, as if trying to conclude a "deal" with students; in exchange for lowering the requirements for them, he receives, for example, better discipline in the class); 3) communication with a clearly defined distance (the teacher constantly emphasizes the difference between himself as more experienced, knowledgeable, understanding and students, whom he perceives as students who are obliged to obey him); 4) communication of a friendly disposition (the teacher acts as an older friend, friend, more knowledgeable, willing to help the student); 5) communication of joint enthusiasm (the teacher and students are colleagues involved in the process of joint intellectual activity in the lesson).

The first two styles testify to the professional unsuitability of the teacher, since this “scares away” the teenager from learning. Elements of the last three are found in the communication styles of different teachers. Deprived of extremes, these styles can help in different situations of communication and the formation of the norm of speech in adolescents.

3.Practical part

Our study was aimed at identifying the level of jargon in the speech of 1st year students. 29 students were interviewed. We needed to find out what modern teenagers use in their speech and the reaction of adults to their speech. To do this, we conducted a survey.

The questions in the survey were as follows:

Do you use jargon when communicating with peers?

a) Yes.

b) No.

2. For what purpose do you use slang words?

a) Self-assertion.

b) Maintain a good relationship with schoolmates.

c) Share information and learn new things.

d) Give your speech liveliness, humor.

3. What slang words do you use in your everyday speech?

a) Maternal.

b) humorous.

c) Sometimes both: it all depends on the situation or the company.

4. Do teachers correct your speech?

a) Yes.

b) The teachers do not pay attention to my speech.

c) Not always, but they still make comments.

5. How do your parents feel about your speech?

a) They don't care what I say.

b) They keep telling me to watch what I say.

c) Sometimes parents make comments about my speech.

6. Whose speech is the standard for you?

a) my friends.

b) my parents.

c) my teachers.

d) what they say on television and radio.

7. What TV channels do you watch?

a) only music channels.

b) non-music channels.

c) all channels.

Let's analyze the obtained survey data in the table.

Quantity

students

1 course - 29

Options

answers

question

4. Conclusion

The purpose of this study, as mentioned above, is to study the jargon of speech of modern students of adolescence and early youth. The analysis of our results allows us to draw the following conclusions:

All students surveyed noted that they consider jargon to be an integral part of communication among peers. Such words allow them to assert themselves, maintain good relations with comrades, exchange information and learn new things.

When studying the level of jargonization of speech, it was revealed that swear words occupy the first place among young men, for girls, jargon is primarily a play on words, giving speech a light humorous character. In our study, students noted a high level of jargon in the speech of the presenters in television and radio programs, in the publications of newspapers and magazines.

Today, the dominance of jargon of speech is due to the changed social conditions- priority of material values, division of society (into rich and poor), change interpersonal relationships etc. The guys are increasingly faced with indifference, rudeness, anger. And this, in turn, leads to protest, which is expressed, in particular, by increased jargon of speech when communicating with adolescents. Communication with peers, as well as with older friends, continues to be significant for the subjects. They note that they want to spend as much time with them as possible - to walk, relax, have fun, which means they should speak their “own” (slang) language.

Thus, the data obtained in the course of the study confirm our goal: there is a tendency towards an increase in the level of jargon of speech among adolescents, regardless of gender. If we summarize the data obtained, we can describe the reasons for the increase in the share of jargon in the speech of a modern teenager and high school student.

social factors.

The importance of "one's own" (slang) language for communication with peers (the desire of a teenager to establish himself both among his peers and in his own eyes).

The influence of the media (reading newspapers and youth magazines, watching television) on the speech of a teenager.

Bibliography

Belicheva S. A. The complex world of a teenager. - Sverdlovsk, Middle Urals. Book. Publishing house, 1984.

Bobakho V. A., Levikova S. I. Modern trends in youth culture: conflict or continuity of generations?//Social sciences and modernity. - 1996. - No. 3. - S. 56 - 60.

Bodalev A. A. Personality and communication: Selected. tr. - M .: Pedagogy, 1983.

Bochenkov V. Art and mat - whose take? In search of a golden mean between hypocrisy and permissiveness.// Teacher's newspaper. - 2001. - No. 15. - Apr. - P.20.

Brudny A. A. Understanding and communication. – M.: Knowledge, 1989.

Vygotsky L.S. Pedology of a teenager: the problem of age // Collected works: In 6 volumes - M., 1984.

Kon I.S. Psychology of a high school student. – M.: Enlightenment, 1982.

Mudrik A.V. The most difficult years. – M.: Knowledge, 1990.

Nesterenko V. The language of intolerance and the language of trust.//Free Thought. - 1992. - No. 2. - S. 74 - 77.

Parishioners A. M., Tolstykh N. N. A teenager in a textbook and in life. - M .: knowledge, 1990. - (New in life, science and technology. Pedagogy and psychol., No. 5).

Rusetsky VF The culture of the teacher's speech. Workshop: - Minsk: Universi tetskae, 1999.

Tolstykh A. V. A teenager in an informal group. - M .: Knowledge, 1991. - (New in life, science, technology. Pedagogy and psychology; No. 2).

The culture of speech is an integral part of personal characteristics, because the activity of people is directly related to speech communication, it, in addition, is an important condition for their professional growth. Literally for some 5–10 years, the speech and general culture of the population has significantly decreased, moral and ethical norms have been ignored, which, accordingly, has led to the degradation of society. The modern language picture has forced linguists to pay attention to the level of speech culture of modern youth. Many are wondering whether it is necessary to take prompt measures to preserve and develop the Russian literary language, or are negative phenomena in the modern Russian language transient? In my opinion, one should not wait until everything corrects itself, inaction will only exacerbate negative processes and trends; it is urgent to take measures to restore, update and improve the speech culture of all Russian speakers (and this is millions of people).

In 2013 V.V. Putin noted with regret that the level of Russian language proficiency among young people is declining, as is interest in literature. "Our country - once the most reading in the world - can no longer claim this honorary title," Putin acknowledged. According to statistics, Russian citizens devote an average of only 9 minutes a day to reading books.”
According to the president, as a result of this, “classic literary speech or the richest folk coloring is perceived today as an exception.” "And disregard for the rules mother tongue- is becoming the norm. Including in the media and in the film industry.

At present, only a small part of school graduates has a high level of communicative culture of speech. The problems of reducing the culture of speech in our country, the trend towards the spread of jargon and vernacular is relevant, it is given special attention, since the culture of speech acquires social significance. The problem of the formation of a communicative culture of speech has a different expression in different age groups and applies mainly to adolescent schoolchildren. Therefore, the exclusive task of all educational institutions and teachers working in them is the creation of favorable conditions for the formation and improvement of the culture of speech communication, which is based on the literary language.

The literary language is a standardized language. Language norms are not invented by philologists, they reflect a certain stage in the development of the literary language of the whole people. The norms of the language cannot be introduced or canceled by decree, they cannot be reformed by administrative means.

To the main sources language norm include: works of classical writers; works by contemporary writers who continue the classical traditions; media publications; generally accepted modern usage; linguistic research data. Norms help the literary language to maintain its integrity and general intelligibility. They protect the literary language from the flow of dialect speech, social and professional jargons, vernacular, borrowings. This allows the literary language to perform one of the most important functions - cultural .

There is a constant interaction between the literary language and non-literary varieties of the Russian language.

An inattentive, careless attitude to the norms of pronunciation, stress, use of words, the use of jargon, vulgarism, unjustified borrowings in speech pollute speech, destroy the literary language, and this ultimately leads, as linguists say, to the death of the nation.

Today, the Russian language is undergoing tremendous changes. One of the main problems is the problem of borrowing foreign words and speech turns that we are increasingly “implanting” into our speech: mentality instead of character, a present instead of a gift, and such examples can be given for a very long time. Some borrowed words have changed their meaning due to the influence of socio-political reasons, for example, the word speculator was originally used in the meaning of a small entrepreneur.

Of particular interest is the analysis of speech innovations of young people. Instead, hackers say apple, but this does not mean fruit at all, but the Apple company or the computer of this company. Lamer - a person who does not know how to handle a computer or does not know the rules of behavior on the network. A rat is a pirate (a hacker professionally engaged in removing programs from closed servers and infiltrating closed computer networks using espionage, blocking the network, or causing material damage to participants). All this creates problems of coordinating languages, therefore, in the near future, it may be necessary to create special dictionaries of fidodialects in order to somehow understand the languages ​​of various subcultures.

At present, under the influence of the "vulgarization" of public life, the gap between "classical" speech and slang is widening every day. Jargon crowds cultural speech and, thanks to mass culture, leaves its mark on the language of the entire nation. With the acceleration of the pace of life and its change, the vocabulary grows and the vocabulary of slang expands accordingly. With the rapid growth of mass communications, thousands of new words have been added to the lexicon to reflect political and social change. They are reflected in the media and, of course, find their expression in the jargon, which is a challenge to "cultural" life. So, what is youth jargon?

Youth jargon is a special form of language. From a certain age, many of us plunge into his element, but over time, as it were, “emerge” on the surface of the literary spoken language. Youth jargon is based on playing with the word, on a special attitude to life that rejects everything that is correct, stable, boring, routine. Often people of older generations retain a predilection for jargon.

According to recent studies, in the youth environment, the degree of jargon (defined in such a seemingly harmless sphere of general evaluative words - synonyms: “good” - “bad”) exceeds 50% for boys and 33% for girls (i.e. fly away, otpad, super, dumb and similar words half replace literary expressions). Pretty impressive numbers! There is nothing to be surprised, however. The so-called general jargon - an understated style of speech that blurs both the norms of the language and the norms of speech etiquette - becomes familiar not only in everyday communication, but also sounds on television and radio. The youth, being the predominant carrier of jargon, makes it an element of pop culture, prestigious and necessary for self-expression. There are enough examples of this in the lyrics (“Stremny Ship” - the name of the song of the Crematorium group, “I don’t give a damn” - the Spleen group, “They stick out under the rave” - Makarevich, “We were super with you” - the Leprikonsy group ”), in the programs of Our Radio. Today we will not complain about the "corruption" of the language of young people, but will try to understand the phenomenon that we are observing. Let's start with the fact that the ideal, uncorrupted Russian language has never existed. Even in the time of Pushkin. Guardians of the purity of the language have always had something to fight for. And they fought - with Pushkin. Remember: ".. tailcoat, vest - all these words are not in Russian .." I can translate). They eradicated borrowings, introduced their own, self-made - ridiculous wet shoes. In different periods of the development of the language and society, the object of the struggle was also different. In the 1920s and 1930s, the waves of street elements – homeless children, thieves, as well as the rally language of revolutionary sailors and soldiers (they called “brother”) overwhelmed colloquial speech. In our time, the object of the struggle is jargon.

In the vocabulary of youth jargon, two extreme features coexist. On the one hand, concreteness, clarity of definition: the tail is a failed exam or test, the brake is a slow, thinking person. On the other hand, the meaning is blurred - sometimes slang words and expressions cannot be accurately translated into literary language: cool - a hard-to-define positive characteristic of a person or object, borrowed from the language of traveling merchants of the 19th century, cool - a positive characteristic of a person.

In the last decade, youth jargon has been actively supplemented by computer vocabulary: metaphorically rethought Russian words (teapot, hang, hack) and numerous English-language borrowings (user, hack). Another feature of youth jargon is the limited subject matter. There are about a dozen semantic classes of names, within which there are many synonyms. These are the names of body parts (lanterns, knife switch, claws), clothes and shoes (shoes, swinger, outfit), money (bucks, grandmas, piece, lemon), some actions and states (pass out, drag, pin) and others.
Capacious, sonorous, beautiful words of the native language are replaced by a verbal "husk", behind which there is no content.
For example, a whole series of synonymous words: wonderful, delightful, magnificent, wonderful, wonderful, amazing, charming - is replaced by meaningless cool or cool! This jargon is introduced not only into the speech of young people, but also continues to live in the speech of adults, it becomes habitual, not to mention a more terrible phenomenon - a widespread, almost legalized obscenity ...

What attracts a teenager to slang? (this is a language game, a departure from the language norm; "second life").

The teenager's need for a form of existence hidden from the official speech culture is explained by the psychology of age. Go away from social control into the age group, make sure that not confused with others to stand apart not only territorially, but also in sign systems, giving a special meaning to their association - this is what becomes deeply attractive to adolescents. There is a special type of communication that is unacceptable in ordinary life. Here, special forms of slang speech are also developed, which not only erase interindividual distances between those who communicate, but also in short form express the philosophy of life. Widespread are such pearls of youth philosophy as: "Everything is high!", " What the hell?"

I am glad that lately it has become fashionable to speak correctly. Teenagers strive for this, clarify how to say or write correctly. Why, if young people know how to speak correctly, do they speak incorrectly? Why does he prefer to use condemned forms of speech knowing the prestigious, normative ones?

Yes, simply because it has a different system of values, a different prestige, a different norm - an antinorm. And in this anti-norm, the main principle is the element of shock, shake-up, in order to shake the people, and the element of ridicule, so that it is not boring, funny, cool. This is both a challenge to a prosperous, prosperous society, and a rejection of its norms, its

examples, his propriety. The element that feeds youth jargon, everything is new, not

traditional or rejected - music fan speech and speech

drug addicts, computer jargon and urban vernacular, English

language and thieves' slang.

It is known that a teenager, being a social being by nature, cannot live out of contact with other people: he must consult, share thoughts, feelings, and communication is the beginning of communication. The main way to meet the child's need for communication is speech. To do this, it is necessary to motivate the desire of the child to be educated, as well as the willingness to consciously make efforts for this.

Under these conditions, the task of forming the speech culture of adolescents in a secondary school becomes especially relevant.

In this regard, the content, forms and methods of forming the speech culture of adolescents need to be updated, and there is a need for targeted work to manage and improve this process in a general education school.

Before proceeding with the choice of forms and methods, it is necessary to study the speech of adolescents, and not only. For research I used the following methods:
· Method of analysis and synthesis of students' speech; Conversation;
Observation; Questioning; Experiment.

Let's turn our attention to method "Definition of active vocabulary"students. The child is offered any picture that depicts people and various objects (for example, the one shown below). He is asked to tell in as much detail as possible about what is depicted and what is happening in this picture within 5 minutes.

The child's speech is recorded in a special protocol, the form of which is given in the table, and then analyzed. This protocol notes the frequency of the child's use of various parts of speech, complex sentences with conjunctions and introductory constructions, which indicates the level of development of his speech.

After analyzing the results of the questionnaire, we came to the following. The level of general formation of speech culture corresponds to age and individual characteristics students. As for the use of synonyms, introductory constructions in students' speech, 54% of 100% answered the answer "Not always". communicative speech students on their level of development.

What kind of speech can be called correct? Correct speech is one in which the norms of the modern literary language are observed. In addition, it is also necessary to be able to find not only the exact means for expressing one's thoughts, but also the most intelligible (i.e., the most expressive) and most appropriate (i.e., the most suitable for a given case and, therefore, stylistically justified).

They say the eyes are the window to the soul. But then speech is a mirror of personality.

When forming students' correct speech, I rely on the modern doctrine of the communicative qualities of good speech, developed by Boris Nikolaevich Golovin. He identifies the main qualities of speech and correlates them with other concepts:

Speech - thinking (logicality, clarity, simplicity, brevity) the rule of high eloquence, the requirement of understandability is highlighted. “Whoever wants to speak properly so that they do not understand him can calmly remain silent.” MM. Spiransky.

Speech is the objective world (accuracy ) is determined by the knowledge of the subject, the logic of thinking, the ability to choose the right words. Violation of the logical sequence, lack of logic in the presentations lead to inaccurate speech.

Speech is hers setting, content, purpose (relevance)

Speech - aesthetics (figurativeness, expressiveness, euphony) enhances the effectiveness of the speech, arouses interest in the listener, maintains attention to the subject of conversation, has an impact not only on the mind, but also on feelings, imagination

Work on coherent speech - written and oral - requires special attention. In a programme traditional learning high school, in our opinion, the system of classes for the development of students' speech is not fully represented. In addition, at present, the school is experiencing an urgent need for special methodological teaching aids that would correspond to modern tasks of speech development, contribute to the formation of speech skills, the development of speech culture and language sense.
A distinctive feature of the modern approach is the focus on interconnected comprehensive training for all types of speech activity: speech perception, speaking, reading and writing. Although the teaching methodology rich material has been accumulated on the formation and development of speech, despite all this, individual phenomena of language are often studied in isolation from the development of adolescent speech.

This leads to one very important methodical task: ensuring a limited unity of two directions - familiarization with the language and development of speech.

Therefore, lexical work at school is organized in the following areas:

clarification, activation and expansion of students' vocabulary;

elimination of non-literary words and expressions from the speech of students.

Therefore, the main attention of the teacher should be directed to teaching children the language, giving them to remember meaningful words and teaching them to use them in expressing thoughts, the teacher would simultaneously teach them to think, to reason. In this case, special attention should be paid to the content of the statement.

For example:

Read parts of the text

Arrange the parts in the correct order;

Insert the missing sentence

find errors;

Determine the main idea in the text; title the text.

guess the ending of the text;

Come up with your own continuation, replace foreign words with a synonym.

Such an approach in the learning process increases the depth of knowledge, the quality of assimilation of new material, in parallel with this, the problem of intensive speech-cogitative development of schoolchildren is solved.

Thus, the communicative culture of speech is a multifaceted process of organizing, establishing and developing communication, mutual understanding and interaction between teachers and students, generated by the goals and content of their joint activities.

Under the influence of whom and what is the speech of our teenagers formed? This includes the media, theater and film actors, classical literature. And most importantly, remember your teachers - their voices, speech features, manner of communicating, answering questions. You wanted to imitate the speeches of some, you admired literacy, its richness, expressiveness, imagery. In the speech of others, speech errors, scarcity and monotony were noted. The monotony and simplicity of the speech of such a teacher.
An effective way to enrich speech is imitation. That is why you, dear colleagues, in an effort to convey something to children, must act as carriers of cultural speech, possess the ability to tell intelligibly, interestingly, expressively, and have clear diction.
And the teacher's speech is a role model, it is an example for his students. V.A. Sukhomlinsky called the teacher's speech culture a mirror of his spiritual culture.

Each teacher should pay due attention to his speech, because the level of language training that the university provides today is insufficient, it should be considered as a starting one. It must constantly increase in the process independent professional activity of a teacher through self-education.

There are the following ways to improve speech:

1. Self-control and development of a culture of speech (work with a dictionary, study of one's own speech).

2. Self-control and development of expressive speech skills (preparing for a speech, answer the questions: What intonation does my speech require?

3. Self-control and development communication skills. Here it is important to study oneself in communication, find out one's position in it, attitude towards a communication partner, scientifically manage one's mood in communication, study the manner, tone, character of speech.
In adolescence the development of speech is, on the one hand, due to the expansion of the richness of the dictionary, on the other hand, due to the assimilation of many meanings that the dictionary of the native language is able to encode. A teenager intuitively approaches the discovery that language, being a sign system, allows, firstly, to reflect the surrounding reality and, secondly, to fix a certain view of the world. It is in adolescence that a person begins to understand that the development of speech determines cognitive development. We interviewed high school students. Our children are reading. The results of the survey revealed that the most read works among young people were "War and Peace" by L. Tolstoy, "Master and Margarita" by M. Bulgakov, "Crime and Punishment" by F. Dostoevsky, "Virgin Soil Upturned" by M. Sholokhov. W. Eco "A reading person is equal to two."

By the way a person speaks, what words and expressions he uses in his speech, you can talk about him as a person, form an opinion about him, determine what level of his intellect, education, circle of his communication and interests. And therefore, if a person is interested in improving his rating, image, professional growth, in respect for others, he needs to improve his speech culture, improve his literary language skills, strive in general to improve himself as a person.

Apparently, in a certain period of growth, young people have to get over this language disease - thoughtlessness and denial of norms, primitivism and linguistic atavism - a disease in order to overcome its primitive element and realize the dignity and strength of the Russian language.

Modern youth are people who in the near future will govern the state, solve important issues in all spheres of life. And about what it will be, this bright future, you need to worry now.

I would like our government, and indeed all relevant structures, to pay more attention to the problem we are talking about today. For example, in the city of Kemerovo, a socio-cultural action "Pure Word - Pure Word" was held with the support of the Department of Education, Sports and youth policy city ​​administration. All educational institutions of the city took part, not only schools.

But in 2012, the All-Kavzsky forum of posters - projects "Learn to speak" was held under the name "Mashuk 2012". Posters were placed in places of numerous stay of a mass of people. Why not hold such an action in our cleanest city in order to popularize the culture of speech, the literary language.

I would like to end my speech with one of last poems Excellence in Public Education of the Russian Federation, Honored. RI teachers , Ingush poetess Maryam Akhmedovna Lyanova "The Last Link"

The embodiment of virtues and the last link ...
I can't believe it's doomed!
Hardened, dumbfounded? I don't want to believe it

Man must be an adornment of the planet!