home Online services Why were the Crimean Tatars deported from the Crimea. Deportation of the Crimean Tatars. how it was. What can you tell about Lehman

Why were the Crimean Tatars deported from the Crimea. Deportation of the Crimean Tatars. how it was. What can you tell about Lehman

On May 18, 1944, the deportation of the Crimean Tatar people began.
The deportation operation began in the early hours of 18 May 1944 and ended at 4:00 pm on 20 May. It took the punitive authorities only 60 hours and over 70 echelons, each of which had 50 wagons, to carry it out. For its implementation, the NKVD troops were involved in the amount of more than 32 thousand people.

The deportees were given from several minutes to half an hour to collect, after which they were transported by trucks to the railway stations. From there, the trains with the escorted went to the places of exile. According to eyewitnesses, those who resisted or could not walk were often shot on the spot. On the road, the exiles were fed rarely and often with salty food, after which they were thirsty. In some trains, the exiles received food on the first and second last time in the second week of travel. The dead were hastily buried next to the railroad tracks or not buried at all.

The official reason for the expulsion was the mass desertion of the Crimean Tatars from the Red Army in 1941 (the number was called about 20 thousand people), the good reception of the German troops and the active participation of the Crimean Tatars in the formations German army, "SD", the police, the gendarmerie, the apparatus of prisons and camps. At the same time, deportation did not touch most of the Crimean Tatar collaborators, since the bulk of them were evacuated by the Germans to Germany. Those who remained in the Crimea were identified by the NKVD during the “cleansing operations” in April-May 1944 and condemned as traitors to the motherland. For those who say that all Crimean Tatars were traitors and accomplices of the Nazis, I will give a few figures.
Crimean Tatars who fought in the Red Army were also deported after demobilization. In total, in 1945-1946, 8995 Crimean Tatar veterans of the war were sent to the places of deportation, including 524 officers and 1392 sergeants. In 1952 (after the famine of 1945, which claimed many lives), only in Uzbekistan, according to the NKVD, there were 6,057 participants in the war, many of whom had high government awards.

From the memories of deportation survivors:

“In the morning, instead of a greeting, a choice mat and a question: are there any corpses? People cling to the dead, cry, do not give back. Soldiers throw the bodies of adults out the door, children out the window ... "

“There was no medical care. The dead were taken out of the car and left at the station, without being allowed to bury.

“There was no question of medical care. People drank water from reservoirs and stocked up from there for future use. There was no way to boil water. People began to get sick with dysentery, typhoid fever, malaria, scabies, lice overcame everyone. It was hot and constantly thirsty. The dead were left at the junctions, no one buried them.”

“After a few days of travel, the dead were carried out of our car: an old woman and little boy. The train stopped at small stations to leave the dead. ... They didn’t let them bury.”

“My grandmother, brothers and sisters died in the first months of deportation before the end of 1944. Mom lay unconscious in such heat with her dead brother for three days. Until adults see her.

A significant number of migrants, exhausted after three years life in the German-occupied Crimea, died in places of deportation from starvation and disease in 1944-45 due to the lack of normal living conditions (in the early years people lived in barracks and dugouts, did not have sufficient food and access to medical care). Estimates of the number of deaths during this period vary greatly: from 15-25% according to various Soviet official bodies to 46% according to estimates by activists of the Crimean Tatar movement who collected information about the dead in the 1960s. So, according to the OSP of the UzSSR, only “for 6 months of 1944, that is, from the moment of arrival in the UzSSR and until the end of the year, 16,052 people died. (10.6%)".

For 12 years until 1956, the Crimean Tatars had the status of special settlers, which implied various restrictions on their rights, in particular, a ban on unauthorized (without written permission from the special commandant's office) crossing the border of a special settlement and criminal punishment for its violation. Numerous cases are known when people were sentenced to many years (up to 25 years) in camps for visiting relatives in neighboring villages, the territory of which belonged to another special settlement.

The Crimean Tatars were not just evicted. They were subjected to the deliberate creation for them of such living conditions that were calculated for the complete or partial physical and moral destruction of the people so that the world would forget about them, and they themselves would forget to which tribe they belonged and in no case thought about returning to native lands.

The total deportation of the Crimean Tatars was the greatest betrayal on the part of the Soviet authorities, since the bulk of the male population of the Crimean Tatars, drafted into the army, continued at that time to fight on the fronts for the same Soviet power. About 60 thousand Crimean Tatars were called to the front in 1941, 36 thousand died defending the USSR. In addition, 17 thousand Crimean Tatar boys and girls became activists of the partisan movement, 7 thousand participated in underground work.

The Nazis burned 127 Crimean Tatar villages because their inhabitants helped the partisans, 12,000 Crimean Tatars were killed for resisting the occupation regime, and more than 20,000 were forcibly driven to Germany.
Crimean Tatars who fought in the Red Army were also deported after being demobilized and returning home from the front to Crimea. Crimean Tatars were also deported, who did not live in Crimea during the occupation and managed to return to Crimea by May 18, 1944. In 1949, in the places of deportation, there were 8995 Crimean Tatars - participants in the war, including 524 officers and 1392 sergeants.

According to the final data, 193,865 Crimean Tatars (over 47,000 families) were deported from Crimea.
After the deportations in Crimea, two decrees from 1945 and 1948 renamed settlements whose names were of Crimean Tatar, German, Greek, Armenian origin (in total, more than 90% of the settlements of the peninsula). The Crimean ASSR was transformed into the Crimean Oblast. The autonomous status of Crimea was restored only in 1991.

Unlike many other deported peoples who returned to their homeland in the late 1950s, the Crimean Tatars were formally deprived of this right until 1974, but in fact until 1989. The mass return of the people to Crimea began only at the end of Perestroika.

GENERAL RESULTS OF THE DEPORTATION:
The Crimean Tatar people lost:
- native land, in which the ancestors, mastering the land, from the XIII century formed as a nationality, naming their land on mother tongue Crimea, and themselves as Crimean Tatars;
- monuments of material culture, created by the hands of talented representatives of the people for many centuries.
The Crimean Tatar people were liquidated:
- primary and secondary schools teaching in the native language;
- higher and middle educational establishments, special and vocational, technical schools with teaching in the native language;
- national ensembles, theaters and studios;
- newspapers, publishing houses, radio broadcasting and other national bodies and institutions (Unions of writers, journalists, artists);
- research institutes and institutions for the study of the Crimean Tatar language, literature, art and folk art.

The Crimean Tatar people have destroyed:
- cemeteries and graves of ancestors with tombstones and inscriptions;
- monuments and mausoleums historical figures people.
From the Crimean Tatar people were taken away:
- national museums and libraries with tens of thousands of volumes in their native language;
- clubs, reading rooms, prayer houses - mosques and madrasahs.

The history of the formation of the Crimean Tatar people as a nationality was falsified and the original toponymy was destroyed:
- renamed the names of cities and villages, streets and quarters, geographical names localities, etc.;
- folk legends and other types of folk art, created over the centuries by the ancestors of the Crimean Tatars, have been altered and appropriated.

On May 11, 1944, shortly after the liberation of Crimea, Joseph Stalin signed the Decree of the USSR State Defense Committee No. GOKO-5859:

"During the period Patriotic War many Crimean Tatars betrayed their homeland, deserted from the units of the Red Army defending the Crimea, and went over to the side of the enemy, joined the volunteer Tatar military units formed by the Germans, who fought against the Red Army; during the occupation of the Crimea by the Nazi troops, participating in the German punitive detachments, the Crimean Tatars were especially distinguished by their brutal reprisals against Soviet partisans and also helped German occupiers in organizing the forcible deportation of Soviet citizens into German slavery and mass extermination Soviet people.

The Crimean Tatars actively cooperated with the German occupation authorities, participating in the so-called “Tatar national committees” organized by German intelligence and were widely used by the Germans to send spies and saboteurs to the rear of the Red Army. The “Tatar National Committees”, in which the White Guard-Tatar emigrants played the main role, with the support of the Crimean Tatars, directed their activities towards the persecution and oppression of the non-Tatar population of Crimea and carried out work to prepare for the forcible secession of Crimea from Soviet Union with the help of the German armed forces.

Given the above, State Committee Defense
DECIDES:

1. All Tatars must be evicted from the territory of Crimea and settled permanently as special settlers in the regions of the Uzbek SSR. The eviction is to be assigned to the NKVD of the USSR. Oblige the NKVD of the USSR (comrade Beria) to complete the eviction of the Crimean Tatars by June 1, 1944.

2. Establish the following procedure and conditions for eviction:

a) allow special settlers to take with them personal belongings, clothes, household equipment, dishes and food in the amount of up to 500 kilograms per family.
Remaining property, buildings, outbuildings, furniture and household land are taken over by local authorities; all productive and dairy cattle, as well as poultry, are accepted by the People's Commissariat of Meat and Dairy Industry, all agricultural products - by the USSR People's Commissariat of Education, horses and other draft animals - by the USSR People's Commissariat of Agriculture, pedigree cattle - by the USSR People's Commissariat of State Farms.
Acceptance of livestock, grain, vegetables and other types of agricultural products should be carried out with the issuance of exchange receipts for each locality and every farm.
To instruct the NKVD of the USSR, the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, the People's Commissariat for Meat and Milk Industry, the People's Commissariat of State Farms and the People's Commissariat of Education of the USSR by July 1 this year. d. to submit to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR proposals on the procedure for the return of livestock, poultry, and agricultural products received from them by exchange receipts to special settlers;

b) to organize the reception of the property, livestock, grain and agricultural products left by the special settlers in the places of eviction, send to the place a commission of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR consisting of: chairman of the commission comrade Gritsenko (deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR) and members of the commission - comrade Krestyaninov (member of the collegium of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture USSR), comrade Nadyarnykh (member of the collegium of the NKMiMP), comrade Pustovalov (member of the collegium of the People's Commissariat of Education of the USSR), comrade Kabanov (deputy people's commissar of state farms of the USSR), comrade Gusev (member of the collegium of the USSR NKFin).
To oblige the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the USSR (comrade Benediktov), the People's Commissariat of the USSR (comrade Subbotina), the People's Commissariat of Ministers and MPs of the USSR (comrade Smirnov), the People's Commissariat of State Farms of the USSR (comrade Lobanov) to send livestock, grain and agricultural products from special settlers, in agreement with Comrade Gritsenko , in the Crimea, the required number of workers;

c) oblige the NKPS (comrade Kaganovich) to organize the transportation of special settlers from the Crimea to the Uzbek SSR in specially formed echelons according to a schedule drawn up jointly with the NKVD of the USSR. The number of trains, loading stations and destination stations at the request of the NKVD of the USSR.
Payments for transportation shall be made according to the tariff for the transportation of prisoners;

d) The People's Commissariat for Health of the USSR (comrade Miterev) to allocate for each echelon with special settlers, within the time limits agreed with the NKVD of the USSR, one doctor and two nurses with an appropriate supply of medicines and provide medical and sanitary care for special settlers on the way; The People's Commissariat of the USSR (Comrade Lyubimov) to provide all echelons with special settlers daily with hot meals and boiling water.
To organize food for special settlers on the way, allocate food to the People's Commissariat of Trade in the amount according to Appendix No. 1.

3. To oblige the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Uzbekistan comrade Yusupov, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR comrade Abdurakhmanov and the people's commissar of internal affairs of the Uzbek SSR comrade Kobulov until June 1 this year. to carry out the following measures for the reception and resettlement of special settlers:

a) accept and resettle within the Uzbek SSR 140-160 thousand people of special settlers - Tatars, sent by the NKVD of the USSR from the Crimean ASSR.
Resettlement of special settlers to be carried out in state farm settlements, existing collective farms, subsidiary farms of enterprises and factory settlements for use in agriculture and industry;

b) in the areas of resettlement of special settlers, create commissions consisting of the chairman of the regional executive committee, the secretary of the regional committee and the head of the UNKVD, entrusting these commissions with carrying out all activities related to the reception and accommodation of arriving special settlers;

c) in each area of resettlement of special settlers, organize district troikas consisting of the chairman of the district executive committee, the secretary of the district committee and the head of the RO NKVD, entrusting them with preparing for the accommodation and organizing the reception of arriving special settlers;

d) prepare horse-drawn vehicles for the transportation of special settlers, mobilizing the transport of any enterprises and institutions for this;

e) ensure that incoming special settlers are provided with household plots and assist in the construction of houses with local building materials;

f) organize special commandant's offices of the NKVD in the areas of resettlement of special settlers, attributing their maintenance at the expense of the estimate of the NKVD of the USSR;

g) Central Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR by May 20 p. to submit to the NKVD of the USSR comrade Beria a project for the resettlement of special settlers in regions and districts, indicating the station for unloading echelons.

4. Oblige the Agricultural Bank (comrade Kravtsov) to issue to special settlers sent to the Uzbek SSR, in their places of settlement, a loan for the construction of houses and for household equipment up to 5,000 rubles per family, with an installment plan of up to 7 years.

5. Oblige the People's Commissariat of the USSR (comrade Subbotin) to allocate flour, cereals and vegetables to the SNK of the Uzbek SSR for distribution to special settlers during June-August of this year. g. monthly in equal amounts, according to Appendix No. 2.
Issuance of flour, cereals and vegetables to special settlers during June-August of this year. d. to produce free of charge, in payment for the agricultural products and livestock accepted from them in the places of eviction.

6. To oblige NPOs (comrade Khrulyov) to transfer during May-June with. d. to strengthen the vehicles of the NKVD troops stationed by garrisons in the areas of resettlement of special settlers - in the Uzbek SSR, the Kazakh SSR and the Kirghiz SSR, "Willis" vehicles - 100 pieces and trucks - 250 pieces that have come out of repair.

7. To oblige Glavneftesnab (comrade Shirokov) to allocate and ship until May 20, 1944 to points at the direction of the NKVD of the USSR 400 tons of gasoline, at the disposal of the Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR - 200 tons.
The supply of motor gasoline is to be carried out at the expense of a uniform reduction in supplies to all other consumers.

8. To oblige Glavsnabless under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (comrade Lopukhov) at the expense of any resources to supply the NKPS with 75,000 wagon boards of 2.75 m each, with their delivery before May 15 this year. G.; transportation of NKPS boards to be carried out by one's own means.

9. Narkomfin of the USSR (comrade Zverev) to release the NKVD of the USSR in May this year. 30 million rubles from the reserve fund of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR for special events.

The draft decision was prepared by a member of the State Defense Committee, People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L.P. Beria. The deputies of the people's commissars for state security and internal affairs B. Z. Kobulov and I. A. Serov were entrusted with leading the deportation operation.

The bulk of the Crimean Tatar collaborators were evacuated by the occupying authorities to Germany, where the Tatar Mountain Jaeger Regiment of the SS was created from them. Most of those who remained in the Crimea were identified by the NKVD in April-May 1944 and condemned as traitors to the Motherland. In total, about 5,000 collaborators of all nationalities were identified in Crimea during this period.

The deportation operation began early in the morning on May 18 and ended on May 20, 1944. For its implementation, the NKVD troops were involved (more than 32 thousand people). The deportees had very little time to pack. Officially, each family had the right to take up to 500 kg of luggage with them, but in reality they were allowed to take much less, and sometimes nothing at all. After that, the deportees were taken by trucks to the railway stations.

On May 20, Serov and Kobulov reported in a telegram addressed to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR L.P. Beria:

“We hereby report that, launched in accordance with your instructions on May 18 this year. The operation to evict the Crimean Tatars was completed today, May 20, at 16:00. A total of 180,014 people were evicted, loaded into 67 echelons, of which 63 echelons numbering 173,287 people. sent to their destinations, the remaining 4 trains will also be sent today.

In addition, the district military commissars of the Crimea mobilized 6,000 Tatars of military age, who, according to the orders of the Main Department of the Red Army, were sent to the cities of Guryev, Rybinsk and Kuibyshev.

Of the 8,000 people of the special contingent sent on your instructions to the Moskovugol trust, 5,000 people. are also made up of Tatars.

Thus, 191,044 persons of Tatar nationality were deported from the Crimean ASSR.”

Taken from the BBC website
Some facts are deliberately exaggerated or distorted.

On May 18-20, 1944, in the Crimea, NKVD fighters, on orders from Moscow, herded almost the entire Crimean Tatar population into railway cars and sent them to Uzbekistan in 70 echelons.

This forced eviction of the Tatars, whom the Soviet authorities accused of collaborating with the Nazis, was one of the most rapidly carried out deportations in the history of mankind.

The BBC Ukrainian service prepared a certificate on how the deportation took place and how the Crimean Tatars lived after it.

How did the Tatars live in Crimea before the deportation?

After the creation of the USSR in 1922, Moscow recognized the Crimean Tatars as the indigenous population of the Crimean ASSR as part of the indigenization policy.

In the 1920s, the Tatars were allowed to develop their culture. In Crimea there were Crimean Tatar newspapers, magazines, educational institutions museums, libraries and theatres.

The Crimean Tatar language, together with Russian, was the official language of the autonomy. More than 140 village councils used it.

In the 1920s-1930s, Tatars made up 25-30% of the total population.

However, in the 1930s, Soviet policy towards the Tatars, as well as towards other nationalities of the USSR, became repressive. First there was the dispossession and eviction of the Tatars to the north of Russia and beyond the Urals. Then forced collectivization and famine of 1932-33. And then - purges of the intelligentsia in 1937-38.

Image copyright Image caption Crimean Tatar State Ensemble "Khaitarma". Moscow, 1935

This turned many Crimean Tatars against the Soviet regime.

When did the deportation take place?

The main phase of the forced resettlement took place over less than three days, starting at dawn on May 18, 1944 and ending at 4:00 pm on May 20. In total, 238.5 thousand people were deported from Crimea - almost the entire Crimean Tatar population.

For this, the NKVD attracted more than 32 thousand security officials.

What caused the deportation?

The official reason for the forced resettlement was the accusation of the entire Crimean Tatar people of high treason, "mass extermination of Soviet people" and collaborationism - cooperation with the Nazi occupiers.

Such arguments were contained in the decision of the State Defense Committee on the deportation, which appeared a week before it began.

However, historians name other, unofficial reasons for the resettlement. Among them is the fact that the Crimean Tatars historically had close ties with Turkey, which the USSR at the time viewed as a potential rival. In the plans of the Union, the Crimea was a strategic springboard in case of a possible conflict with this country, and Stalin wanted to play it safe from possible saboteurs and traitors, whom he considered the Tatars.

This theory is supported by the fact that other Muslim ethnic groups were resettled from the Caucasian regions adjacent to Turkey: Chechens, Ingush, Karachays and Balkars.

Did some Tatars really support the Nazis?

According to various sources, between 9,000 and 20,000 Crimean Tatars served in the anti-Soviet combat units formed by the German authorities, writes historian J. Otto Paul. Some of them sought to protect their villages from Soviet partisans, who, according to the Tatars themselves, often persecuted them on ethnic grounds.

Other Tatars joined the German detachments because they were captured by the Nazis and wanted to alleviate the inhuman conditions of their stay in the prisoner of war camps in Simferopol and Nikolaev.

At the same time, 15% of the adult male Crimean Tatar population fought on the side of the Red Army. During the deportation, they were demobilized and sent to labor camps in Siberia and the Urals.

In May 1944, most of those who served in the German detachments retreated to Germany. Mostly wives and children who remained on the peninsula were deported.

How did the forced resettlement take place?

Image copyright Image caption Spouses in the Urals, 1953

Employees of the NKVD entered the Tatar houses and announced to the owners that they were being evicted from the Crimea because of treason.

To collect things, gave 15-20 minutes. Officially, each family had the right to take up to 500 kg of luggage with them, but in reality they were allowed to take much less, and sometimes nothing at all.

People were transported by trucks to railway stations. From there, almost 70 echelons were sent east with tightly closed freight cars, which were crowded with people.

About 8,000 people died during the move, most of them children and the elderly. The most common causes of death are thirst and typhus.

Some people, unable to endure suffering, went crazy.

All the property left in the Crimea after the Tatars, the state appropriated to itself.

Where were the Tatars deported to?

Most of the Tatars were sent to Uzbekistan and neighboring regions of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.

Small groups of people ended up in the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Urals and the Kostroma region of Russia.

What were the consequences of the deportation for the Tatars?

During the first three years after the resettlement, from starvation, exhaustion and disease, according to various estimates, from 20 to 46% of all deportees died.

Almost half of those who died in the first year were children under 16.

Image copyright MEMORY.GOV.UA Image caption Mari ASSR. Team at the logging site. 1950

Due to the lack of clean water, poor hygiene and lack of medical care, malaria, yellow fever, dysentery and other diseases spread among the deportees. The newcomers had no natural immunity against many local ailments.

What status did they have in Uzbekistan?

The vast majority of the Crimean Tatars were moved to the so-called special settlements - surrounded by paramilitary guards, checkpoints and fenced with barbed wire, territories that looked more like labor camps than civilian settlements.

Newcomers were a cheap labor force, and they were used to work in collective farms, state farms and industrial enterprises. In Uzbekistan, they cultivated cotton fields, worked in mines, construction, plants and factories. Among the most difficult works was the construction of the Farkhad hydroelectric power station.

In 1948, Moscow recognized the Crimean Tatars as lifelong migrants. Those who, without the permission of the NKVD, went outside their special settlement, for example, to visit relatives, were threatened with 20 years in prison. There have been such cases.

Even before the deportation, propaganda incited hatred for the Crimean Tatars among local residents, stigmatizing them as traitors and enemies of the people.

Image copyright Image caption

As historian Greta Lynn Ugling writes, the Uzbeks were told that "cyclops" and "cannibals" were coming to them and were advised to stay away from the newcomers. After the deportation, some local residents felt the heads of visitors to check if horns were growing on them.

Later, when they learned that the Crimean Tatars were of the same faith, the Uzbeks were surprised.

The children of immigrants could receive education in Russian or Uzbek, but not in Crimean Tatar. Until 1957, any publication in this language was banned. An article about the Crimean Tatars was removed from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE). This nationality was also forbidden to enter in the passport.

What has changed in Crimea without the Tatars?

After the Tatars, as well as the Greeks, Bulgarians and Germans, were evicted from the peninsula in June 1945, Crimea ceased to be an autonomous republic and became a region within the RSFSR.

The southern regions of Crimea, where the Crimean Tatars used to live, were deserted. For example, according to official data, only 2.6 thousand inhabitants remained in the Alushta region, and 2.2 thousand in the Balaklava region. Subsequently, people from Ukraine and Russia began to move here.

"Toponymic repressions" were carried out on the peninsula - most of the cities, villages, mountains and rivers that had Crimean Tatar, Greek or German names received new, Russian names. Among the exceptions are Bakhchisaray, Dzhankoy, Ishun, Saki and Sudak.

The Soviet authorities destroyed Tatar monuments, burned manuscripts and books, including volumes of Lenin and Marx, translated into Crimean Tatar. Cinemas and shops were opened in mosques.

When were the Tatars allowed to return to Crimea?

The regime of special settlements for the Tatars lasted until the era of Khrushchev's de-Stalinization - the second half of the 1950s. Then the Soviet government softened the living conditions for them, but did not remove the charges of high treason.

During the 1950s and 1960s, the Tatars fought for their right to return to their historical homeland, including through demonstrations in Uzbek cities. In 1968, the occasion for one of these actions was Lenin's birthday. The authorities responded with force and dispersed the rally.

Gradually, the Crimean Tatars managed to expand their rights, but an informal, but no less strict ban on their return to Crimea was in effect until 1989.

Image copyright Image caption Osman Ibrish with his wife Alime. Kibray settlement, Uzbekistan, 1971

A new challenge for the Crimean Tatars was the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014. Some of them left the peninsula under the pressure of persecution. Other Russian authorities they themselves banned entry to the Crimea, including the leaders of this people, Mustafa Dzhemilev and Refat Chubarov.

Does the deportation have signs of genocide?

Some researchers and dissidents believe that the deportation of the Tatars is consistent with the UN definition of genocide. They argue that the Soviet government intended to destroy the Crimean Tatars as an ethnic group and deliberately went to this goal.

In 2006, the kurultai of the Crimean Tatar people turned to the Verkhovna Rada with a request to recognize the deportation as genocide.

Despite this, in most historical works and diplomatic documents, the forced resettlement of Crimean Tatars is now called deportation, not genocide.

In the Soviet Union, the term "resettlement" was used.

Over the next four years, half of all Crimean Tatars who lived in the USSR then returned to the peninsula - 250 thousand people.

The return of the indigenous population to Crimea was difficult and was accompanied by land conflicts with local residents who managed to settle in the new land. However, major confrontations were avoided.

Every year on May 18, Crimean Tatars celebrate the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Deportation. Through the efforts of Ukrainian political technologists and their curators, from the original day of mourning for the deportation of the Crimean peoples, this day methodically and purposefully turned into the Day of Remembrance for the victims of the exclusively Crimean Tatar people, “punished without guilt.”

The words of Petro Poroshenko are especially cynical: "We are obliged to give the Crimean Tatars the right to self-determination within the framework of a single Ukrainian state. This is what we owe the Crimean Tatars. The Ukrainian authorities should have done this at least 20 years ago. And now the situation would be completely different."

By the way, no matter how much the "representatives" of the Kyiv Crimean Tatars begged and pleaded, they would never have succeeded and never will be able to obtain that same definition. This people for Kyiv has always been a tool for manipulation. And things never went beyond promises in the entire history of Ukraine, only time after time “the need to make changes to Section 10 of the Constitution of Ukraine was emphasized,” but in reality, no one will ever allow this.

Ukraine consists of different regions that once belonged to the Commonwealth, Turkey, Russian Empire. And if the Crimean Tatars receive self-determination, which the Guarantor of the Constitution enthusiastically talks about every May 18, then the same "autonomy" is quite capable of coveting in Transcarpathia. And there and further along the chain, Independent may lose all its lands.

Ukrainian politicians continue to lead the Crimean Tatar people by the nose, promising them their land, their government and mountains of gold. But even on paper, they still do not want to formalize such changes in relation to the already lost territory of Crimea, postponing the adoption of the document for another year, two, three. And so on ad infinitum.

Today, the number of historical hoaxes associated with the "Stalinist expulsion of peoples" is only growing, and bottom experts are already calling it a "planned genocide."

It will not be superfluous to look into this matter. What were the reasons for the deportation? What actually happened on the territory of Crimea during the war years? There are very few living witnesses of those events left who could tell how everything really happened. But what a few eyewitnesses tell, and what is recorded in the Soviet and German chronicles, is enough to understand that the resettlement was the only and most correct decision.

I would like to immediately dot the "i" - by no means do I want to say that all Crimean Tatars are bad. Many Crimean Tatars valiantly defended the common Soviet Motherland in the ranks of the Red Army, in the ranks of the Crimean partisans turned the life of German and Romanian Nazis in Crimea into hell, thousands were awarded state awards. Their exploits deserve a separate post. Here, I want to understand why what happened happened.

The deportation was justified by the facts of the participation of the people in collaborationist formations that acted on the side Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War.

Of the 200,000 of the entire Crimean Tatar population, 20,000 people became Wehrmacht fighters, punitive detachments and in other ways transferred to the service of the German invaders, that is, almost all men of military age, as evidenced by the reports of the German command. How would they get along with the Red Army soldiers who returned from the front, what would the veterans of the war do with them, having learned about what the Tatar punishers were doing in the Crimea during the German occupation? There would be a massacre. Therefore, resettlement was the only way out of this situation. And there was something to take revenge on the Red Army, and this is not Soviet propaganda.

Crimean Tatars generally should pray to Stalin.

Not knowing history, fools write: "From May 18 to May 20, 1944, 183,000 Crimean Tatars were taken from native land beyond the Urals: men, women, old people, children ... everyone. Their houses, their arable lands, their wells were occupied by those who with bayonets, like cattle, drove people into freight cars. Whose descendants built the bridge and today they say that Crimea is theirs."

No one talks about justifying the repressions, but you need to know the history. The Crimean Tatars (and the Baltic peoples too) should be grateful to Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin for the rest of their lives. No, not for a happy childhood, but for the fact that he essentially saved them by deportation from complete extermination. At the same time, the generalissimo violated the law of the USSR, according to which traitors to the Motherland were to be shot. He showed a unique humanism in relation to the Crimean Tatars. But he did not leave traitors and nationalists in the rear during the war - such short-sightedness would not even be a mistake, but a crime. And Stalin was a strategist.

After the defeat of Paulus near Stalingrad in 1943, the Feodosia Muslim Committee collected a million rubles for the Nazis. German support was colossal. And then the majority of the Soviet people longed for reprisals and planned to kill the Crimean Tatars themselves, who faithfully served Hitler, called him "our master" and committed atrocities in the Crimea. There are documents of the era. So Stalin, in fact, saved the Tatars from complete destruction, after which in 1989 they were able to return to the Crimea.

Here is a document from the Simferopol Muslim Committee - congratulations to Adolf Hitler on his birthday on April 20, 1942, compiled by the leaders of the Crimean Tatars:

"To the liberator of the oppressed peoples, to the faithful son of the German people, Adolf Hitler.

With the advent of the valiant sons of Great Germany from the very first days, with your blessing and in memory of our long-term friendship, we Muslims stood shoulder to shoulder with the German people, took up arms and swore, ready to fight to the last drop of blood for the universal human ideas - the destruction of the red Jewish-Bolshevik plague without a trace and to the end ...

On the day of your glorious anniversary, we send you our heartfelt greetings and wishes, we wish you many years of fruitful life for the joy of your people, to us, Crimean Muslims and Muslims of the East.

Or, for example, one of the main local publications of the Crimean Tatars "Azat Krym" (March 20, 1943):

"To the great Hitler - the liberator of all peoples and religions - we, the Tatars, give our word to fight the herd of Jews and Bolsheviks together with the German soldiers in the same ranks! God bless you, our great Mr. Hitler!"

And here are quotes from a message compiled on April 20, 1942 to Adolf Hitler, received at a prayer service by more than 500 Muslims in the city of Karasu Bazaar:

"Our liberator! It is only thanks to you, your help and thanks to the courage and selflessness of your troops that we managed to open our prayer houses and perform prayers in them. Now there is not and cannot be such a force that would separate us from the German people and from you. The Tatar people swore and gave their word, signing up as volunteers in the ranks of the German troops, hand in hand with your troops to fight against the enemy to the last drop of blood.Your victory is the victory of the entire Muslim world.We pray to God for the health of your troops and ask God to give you, the great liberator of the peoples, long life You are now the liberator, the leader of the Muslim world - the gases Adolf Hitler.

Our ancestors came from the East, and until now we have been waiting for liberation from there, but today we are witnessing that liberation is coming to us from the West. Perhaps for the first and only time in history it happened that the sun of freedom rose in the West. This sun is you, our great friend and leader, with your mighty German people, and you, relying on the inviolability of the great German state, on the unity and power of the German people, bring freedom to us, the oppressed Muslims. We swore an oath of allegiance to you to die for you with honor and weapons in our hands and only in the fight against a common enemy.

We are confident that we will achieve together with you full release our peoples from under the yoke of Bolshevism.

Such glorification of Hitler is everywhere. The Crimean Tatars called themselves brothers of the German people.

There are plenty of facts about the atrocities of collaborators from both the Soviet and German sides.

For example, in the Sudak region in 1942, a reconnaissance landing of the Red Army was liquidated by a group of self-defense Tatars, while 12 Soviet paratroopers were caught and burned alive by the self-defenders.

On February 4, 1943, Crimean Tatar volunteers from the villages of Beshui and Koush captured four partisans from the detachment of S.A. Mukovnin. Partisans L.S.Chernov, V.F.Gordienko, G.K.Sannikov and Kh.K.Kiyamov were brutally killed: stabbed with bayonets, laid on fires and burned. The corpse of the Kazan Tatar Kh.K.

The Crimean Tatar detachments dealt with the civilian population just as brutally. It got to the point that, fleeing from reprisals, the Russian-speaking population turned to the German authorities for help.

Starting in the spring of 1942, the Krasny state farm operated concentration camp, in which at least 8 thousand inhabitants of Crimea were tortured and shot during the occupation.

The concentration camp was the largest fascist concentration camp during the Great Patriotic War on the territory of Crimea; during the years of occupation, about 8 thousand Soviet citizens were tortured in it.

The German administration was represented by a commandant and a doctor. All other functions were carried out by the fighters of the 152nd Tatar Volunteer Battalion, whom the head of the camp, SS Oberscharführer Shpekman, attracted to perform "the dirtiest work."

With special pleasure future "innocent victims Stalinist repressions"mocked ideologically incorrect prisoners. With their cruelty, they resembled the Tatar horde of the distant past and were distinguished by a particularly "creative" approach to the issue of the destruction of prisoners. In particular, mothers with children were drowned more than once in pits with feces dug under camp toilets.

Mass burning was also practiced: living people tied with barbed wire were stacked in several tiers, doused with gasoline and set on fire. Eyewitnesses claim that "those who lay below were the most lucky" - they suffocated under the weight of human bodies even before execution.

In addition, the punishers helped the Germans to look for Jews and political workers among prisoners of war. (More about the camp: http://www.c-inform.info/news/id/22733)

For serving the Germans, many hundreds of punishers from among the Crimean Tatars were awarded special characters distinctions approved by Hitler - "For the courage and special merits shown by the population of the liberated regions participating in the fight against Bolshevism under the leadership of the German command."

So, according to the report of the Simferopol Muslim Committee, for 12/01/1943 - 01/31/1944 "For services to the Tatar people, the German command was awarded: a badge with swords of the II degree, issued for the liberated eastern regions, Chairman of the Simferopol Tatar Committee Jemil Abdureshid, a badge of the II degree Chairman of the Religion Department Abdul-Aziz Gafar, an employee of the Religion Department Fazyl Sadyk and Chairman of the Tatar Table Tahsin Jamil".

Dzhemil Abdureshid took an active part in the creation of the Simferopol Committee at the end of 1941 and, as the first chairman of the committee, was active in attracting volunteers to the ranks of the German army.

In one of his speeches, the chairman of the Tatar committee, Dzhemil Abdureshid, said: "I speak on behalf of the committee and on behalf of all Tatars, being sure that I express their thoughts. One call is enough german army and the Tatars, one and all, will come out to fight against the common enemy. It is a great honor for us to have the opportunity to fight under the leadership of the Fuhrer Adolf Hitler - the greatest son of the German people. The faith embedded in us gives us strength so that we trust the leadership of the German army without hesitation. Our names will later be honored along with the names of those who stood up for the liberation of the oppressed peoples."

Abdul-Aziz Gafar and Fazyl Sadyk, despite their advanced years, campaigned among volunteers and did significant work to establish religious affairs in the Simferopol region.

Takhsin Dzhemil organized the Tatar table in 1942 and, working as its chairman until the end of 1943, provided systematic assistance to "needy Tatars and families of volunteers."

In addition, the personnel of the Crimean Tatar formations were provided with all sorts of material benefits and privileges. According to one of the decisions of the High Command of the Wehrmacht, "any person who has actively fought or is fighting against partisans and Bolsheviks" , could file a petition for "giving him land or paying him a monetary reward of up to 1000 rubles."

At the same time, his family was supposed to receive a monthly subsidy in the amount of 75 to 250 rubles from the social welfare departments of the city or district government.

After the publication on February 15, 1942 by the Ministry of the Occupied Eastern Regions of the "Law on the New Agrarian Order", all Tatars who joined volunteer formations and their families were given full ownership of 2 hectares of land. The Germans provided them with the best plots, taking land from the peasants who did not join these formations.

As noted in the already cited memorandum of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Crimean ASSR, Major of State Security Karanadze in the NKVD of the USSR "On the political and moral state of the population of Crimea": “People who are members of volunteer detachments are in a particularly privileged position. All of them receive salaries, food, are exempt from taxes, have received the best allotments of fruit and vineyards, tobacco plantations taken from the rest of the non-Tatar population.

Volunteers are given things stolen from the Jewish population."

All these horrors are not an invention of Soviet political officers, but the bitter truth. Many more examples of the "innocence of the Crimean Tatars" can be cited, but this article is not about that.

The Crimean Tatars were the real support of the Wehrmacht in the Crimea.

Among the German soldiers, leaflets and brochures with photographs were distributed in huge numbers. Soviet soldiers various Asian nationalities and the following text: "That's what the Tatar-Mongolian creatures are like! The Fuhrer's soldier protects you from them!" The SS propaganda organs published the pamphlet Der Untermensch as a reference tool for the German troops. Soldiers were urged to look at the local population as harmful microbes that needed to be destroyed. The peoples of the East were named in the brochure "dirty Mongoloids, bestial bastards."

But, on the other hand, it was precisely in relation to the so-called "Eastern" peoples that the German command demanded to show maximum respect on the ground. So, on November 20 and 29, 1941, Manstein issued two orders in which he demanded respect for the religious customs of the Muslim Tatars and urged not to allow any unjustified actions against the civilian population.

An important element in coordinating the work of the High Command of the Wehrmacht, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and repressive structures to involve the Crimean Tatars in the anti-Soviet struggle was the creation of a representative office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the headquarters of the 11th Army in Crimea. The duties of the representative were performed by the leading official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Major Werner Otto von Khentin.

German propaganda paid off. Of the 90,000 inhabitants of Crimea mobilized into the Red Army in July-August 1941, 20,000 were Tatars. All of them became part of the 51st Army operating in the Crimea, and during the retreat, almost all deserted.

1944 - the year of the formation of the Tatar Mountain Jaeger Regiment of the SS

In April - May 1944, the Crimean Tatar battalions took part in the battles against the Red Army that broke into the Crimea. The units evacuated from the Crimea in June 1944 were consolidated into the Tatar Mountain Chasseurs Regiment of the SS of three battalions, reorganized a month later in Hungary into the First Tatar Mountain Chasseurs Brigade of the SS (2500 fighters) under the command of SS Stanadartenführer Fortenbach. On December 31, 1944, it was disbanded and became part of the Eastern Turkic SS formation as a combat group "Crimea" (2 infantry battalions and 1 cavalry hundred).

German Field Marshal Erich von Manstein testifies: "... The majority of the Tatar population of Crimea was very friendly towards us. We even managed to form armed self-defense companies from the Tatars, whose task was to protect their villages from attacks by partisans hiding in the Yaila mountains. The reason is that in the Crimea from the very At the beginning, a powerful partisan movement unfolded, which gave us a lot of trouble, was that among the population of Crimea, in addition to Tatars and other small national groups, there were still many Russians ... "

Crimean Tatars-traitors in Crimea hunt partisans, Bolsheviks, Jews, their families, kill, cut, shoot, hang. The Crimean Tatars, judging by the records and reports, the Germans and Italians were so atrocious that they had to be asked to be softer. But they still committed atrocities on this earth - eyewitness accounts and terrible photographs remained. So there were hundreds and even thousands of those who planned to deal with the Tatars after the return of Crimea. Stalin decided to prevent the massacre and moved the Tatars away from sin along with their families.

The "brutal" resettlement was strange: imagine hunger, war, traitors to the Motherland ... But each migrant, on Stalin's orders, was supposed to: hot food, 500 grams of bread a day, be sure to eat meat and fish in the diet, a clearly calculated amount of fat - calories were not considered then. Crimean Tatars were helped to transport 500 kilograms of property for each. For everything over 500 - a certificate, and then exactly the same was given in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. For seven years - an interest-free loan to get on your feet in a new place. Even now it's hard to get one. Where did the rumors about Siberia come from - although I really like Siberia (fertile land)? .. The Crimean Tatars were resettled mainly in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

Study Article 193-22, which was in effect at the time of the 1944 resettlement. Stalin treated the nationalists, traitors to the Motherland, real enemies of the people in a surprisingly humane way. They were not shot, but sent to warmer climes with their families. At the same time, many of these bastards did not spare the families of the Bolsheviks and Jews. But they survived. And now their descendants have decided to get even for their ancestors. Although it would be better to say "thank you" to the humane Soviet government.

Genocide, you say, Stalin gave the Tatars? More like a population explosion.

Let's count: less than 200 thousand Crimean Tatars were evicted in May 1944. But in 1991, according to various sources, from two to five million (!) People who considered themselves Crimean Tatars wanted to return to Crimea! Stalin did not commit genocide, but a population explosion, impossible if the Tatars had remained in the Crimea.

The whole problem is that modern Tatars are not required to bear the stigma of traitors until the end of their days, because they were not even born then. Similarly, modern Russians have nothing to do with the deportation of the Tatars. We all need to live on, live in peace and harmony. And for this you need to stop crying about your long-suffering past, and think about our common future. A Russian, a Tatar, and a Ukrainian should work together to develop the Crimean economy, stop taking skeletons out of closets, blaming each other for what the neighbor's great-grandfather or great-great-grandfather did.

Image copyright getty Image caption Every year in May, the Tatars celebrate the anniversary of the deportation. This year, the Russian authorities banned the rally in Simferopol

On May 18-20, 1944, NKVD fighters, on orders from Moscow, rounded up almost the entire Tatar population of Crimea to railway cars and sent them to Uzbekistan in 70 echelons.

This forced deportation of the Tatars, whom the Soviet authorities accused of collaborating with the Nazis, was one of the fastest deportations in world history.

How did the Tatars live in Crimea before the deportation?

After the creation of the USSR in 1922, Moscow recognized the Crimean Tatars as the indigenous population of the Crimean ASSR as part of the indigenization policy.

In the 1920s, the Tatars were allowed to develop their culture. In Crimea, Crimean Tatar newspapers and magazines were published, educational institutions, museums, libraries and theaters worked.

The Crimean Tatar language, together with Russian, was the official language of the autonomy. More than 140 village councils used it.

In the 1920s-1930s, Tatars made up 25-30% of the total population of Crimea.

However, in the 1930s, Soviet policy towards the Tatars, like other nationalities of the USSR, became repressive.

Image copyright hatira.ru Image caption Crimean Tatar State Ensemble "Khaitarma". Moscow, 1935

First began the dispossession and eviction of the Tatars to the north of Russia and beyond the Urals. Then came forced collectivization, the Holodomor of 1932-33, and the purges of the intelligentsia in 1937-1938.

This turned many Crimean Tatars against the Soviet regime.

When did the deportation take place?

The main phase of the forced resettlement took place over less than three days, starting at dawn on May 18, 1944 and ending at 4:00 pm on May 20.

In total, 238.5 thousand people were deported from Crimea - almost the entire Crimean Tatar population.

For this, the NKVD attracted more than 32 thousand fighters.

What caused the deportation?

Such arguments were contained in the decision of the State Defense Committee on deportation, which appeared a week before the start of the evictions.

Image copyright hatira.ru Image caption Spouses in the Urals, 1953

In the plans of the USSR, the Crimea was a strategic springboard in case of a possible conflict with Turkey, and Stalin wanted to play it safe from possible "saboteurs and traitors", whom he considered the Tatars.

This theory is supported by the fact that other Muslim ethnic groups were resettled from the Caucasian regions adjacent to Turkey: Chechens, Ingush, Karachays and Balkars.

Did the Tatars support the Nazis?

Between nine and 20 thousand Crimean Tatars served in anti-Soviet combat units formed by the German authorities, writes historian Jonathan Otto Paul.

Some of them sought to protect their villages from Soviet partisans, who, according to the Tatars themselves, often persecuted them on ethnic grounds.

Other Tatars joined the German troops because they were captured by the Nazis and wanted to alleviate the difficult conditions of their stay in the prisoner of war camps in Simferopol and Nikolaev.

At the same time, 15% of the adult male Crimean Tatar population fought on the side of the Red Army. During the deportation, they were demobilized and sent to labor camps in Siberia and the Urals.

In May 1944, most of those who served in the German detachments retreated to Germany. Mostly wives and children who remained on the peninsula were deported.

How did the forced resettlement take place?

Employees of the NKVD entered the Tatar dwellings and announced to the owners that they were being evicted from the Crimea due to treason.

Image copyright memory.gov.ua Image caption Mari ASSR. Team at the logging site. 1950

People were taken by trucks to the railway stations. From there, almost 70 echelons were sent to the east with tightly closed freight cars, crowded with people.

During the move, about eight thousand people died, most of them children and the elderly. The most common causes of death are thirst and typhus.

Some people, unable to endure suffering, went crazy. All the property left in the Crimea after the Tatars, the state appropriated to itself.

Where were the Tatars deported to?

Most of the Tatars were sent to Uzbekistan and neighboring regions of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. Small groups of people ended up in the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Urals and the Kostroma region of Russia.

What were the consequences of the deportation for the Tatars?

During the first three years after the resettlement, from starvation, exhaustion and disease, according to various estimates, from 20 to 46% of all deportees died.

Almost half of those who died in the first year were children under 16.

Due to the lack of clean water, poor hygiene and lack of medical care, malaria, yellow fever, dysentery and other diseases spread among the deportees.

Image copyright hatira.ru Image caption Alime Ilyasova (right) with her friend, whose name is unknown. Early 1940s

The newcomers had no natural immunity against many local ailments.

What status did they have in Uzbekistan?

The overwhelming majority of the Crimean Tatars were transported to the so-called special settlements - surrounded by armed guards, checkpoints and fenced with barbed wire, the territories more closely resembled labor camps than civilian settlements.

Newcomers were cheap labor, they were used to work in collective farms, state farms and industrial enterprises.

In Uzbekistan, they cultivated cotton fields, worked in mines, construction sites, plants and factories. Among the hard work was the construction of the Farkhad hydroelectric power station.

In 1948, Moscow recognized the Crimean Tatars as lifelong migrants. Those who, without the permission of the NKVD, went outside their special settlement, for example, to visit relatives, were in danger of 20 years in prison. There have been such cases.

Even before the deportation, propaganda incited hatred for the Crimean Tatars among local residents, stigmatizing them as traitors and enemies of the people.

As historian Greta Lynn Ugling writes, the Uzbeks were told that "cyclops" and "cannibals" were coming to them and were advised to stay away from the newcomers.

After the deportation, some local residents felt the heads of visitors to check that horns did not grow on them.

Later, when they learned that the Crimean Tatars were of the same faith, the Uzbeks were surprised.

The children of migrants could receive education in Russian or Uzbek, but not in Crimean Tatar.

By 1957, any publications in Crimean Tatar were banned. An article about the Crimean Tatars was removed from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

This nationality was also forbidden to enter in the passport.

What has changed in Crimea without the Tatars?

After the Tatars, as well as the Greeks, Bulgarians and Germans, were evicted from the peninsula, in June 1945 Crimea ceased to be an autonomous republic and became a region within the RSFSR.

The southern regions of Crimea, where the Crimean Tatars used to live, were deserted.

For example, according to official data, only 2,600 residents remained in the Alushta region, and 2,200 in Balaklava. Subsequently, people from Ukraine and Russia began to move here.

"Toponymic repressions" were carried out on the peninsula - most of the cities, villages, mountains and rivers that had Crimean Tatar, Greek or German names received new Russian names. Among the exceptions are Bakhchisaray, Dzhankoy, Ishun, Saki and Sudak.

The Soviet government destroyed Tatar monuments, burned manuscripts and books, including volumes of Lenin and Marx translated into Crimean Tatar.

Cinemas and shops were opened in mosques.

When were the Tatars allowed to return to Crimea?

The regime of special settlements for the Tatars lasted until the era of Khrushchev's de-Stalinization - the second half of the 1950s. Then the Soviet government softened their living conditions for them, but did not withdraw charges of high treason.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the Tatars fought for their right to return to their historical homeland, including through demonstrations in Uzbek cities.

Image copyright hatira.ru Image caption Osman Ibrish with his wife Alime. Settlement Kibray, Uzbekistan, 1971

In 1968, the occasion for one of these actions was Lenin's birthday. The authorities dispersed the rally.

Gradually, the Crimean Tatars managed to achieve the expansion of their rights, however, an informal, but no less strict ban on their return to Crimea was in force until 1989.

Over the next four years, half of all Crimean Tatars who then lived in the USSR returned to the peninsula - 250 thousand people.

A new challenge for the Crimean Tatars was the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014. Some of them left the peninsula due to persecution.

Others have themselves been banned by Russian authorities from entering Crimea, including Crimean Tatar leaders Mustafa Dzhemilev and Refat Chubarov.

Does the deportation have signs of genocide?

Some researchers and dissidents believe that the deportation of the Tatars is consistent with the UN definition of genocide.

They argue that the Soviet government intended to destroy the Crimean Tatars as an ethnic group and deliberately went to this goal.

In 2006, the kurultai of the Crimean Tatar people turned to the Verkhovna Rada with a request to recognize the deportation as genocide.

Despite this, in most historical works and diplomatic documents, the forced resettlement of the Crimean Tatars is now called deportation, not genocide.

In the Soviet Union, the term "resettlement" was used.