Cultural figures in the Great Patriotic War. Military figures of the period of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars Famous military personnel
The creator of victory in the Great Patriotic War was the Soviet people. But in order to realize his efforts, to defend the Fatherland on the battlefields, it was required high level the military art of the Armed Forces, which was supported by the military leadership talent of the military leaders.
The operations carried out in the last war by our military leaders are now being studied in all the military academies of the world. And if we talk about assessing their courage and talent, then here is one of them, brief but expressive: "As a soldier who watched the campaign of the Red Army, I was imbued with the deepest admiration for the skill of its leaders." This was said by Dwight Eisenhower, a man who understood the art of war.
The harsh school of war selected and consolidated by the end of the war the most outstanding commanders in the positions of front commanders.
The main features of military leadership talent Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov(1896-1974) - creativity, innovation, the ability to make unexpected decisions for the enemy. He was also distinguished by a deep mind and insight. In the words of Machiavelli, "nothing makes a commander so great as the ability to penetrate the enemy's plan." This ability of Zhukov played a particularly important role in the defense of Leningrad and Moscow, when, with extremely limited forces, only due to good reconnaissance, foreseeing possible directions of enemy attacks, he managed to collect almost all available means and repel enemy attacks.
Another outstanding military leader of the strategic plan was Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky(1895-1977). Being the chief of the General Staff for 34 months during the war, A. M. Vasilevsky was only 12 months in Moscow, in the General Staff, and 22 months was at the fronts. G. K. Zhukov and A. M. Vasilevsky had developed strategic thinking, a deep understanding of the situation. It was this circumstance that led to the same assessment of the situation and the development of far-sighted and well-founded decisions on the counteroffensive operation near Stalingrad, to the transition to strategic defense on the Kursk Bulge and in a number of other cases .
The invaluable quality of the Soviet commanders was their ability to take reasonable risks. This feature of military talent was noted, for example, by Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky(1896-1968). One of the remarkable pages of the military activity of K.K. Rokossovsky is the Belarusian operation, in which he commanded the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front.
An important feature of military leadership talent is intuition, which makes it possible to achieve surprise strikes. This rare quality possessed Konev Ivan Stepanovich(1897-1973). His military talent was most convincingly and vividly manifested in offensive operations, during which many brilliant victories were won. At the same time, he always tried not to get involved in protracted battles in big cities and by roundabout maneuvers forced the enemy to leave the city. This allowed him to reduce the losses of his troops, to prevent great destruction and casualties among the civilian population.
If I. S. Konev showed his best military leadership qualities in offensive operations, then Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko(1892-1970) - in the defensive.
A characteristic feature of a real commander is the eccentricity of the idea and actions, the departure from the template, military cunning, in which he succeeded great commander A. V. Suvorov. distinguished by these qualities Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich(1898-1967). Throughout almost the entire war, a remarkable feature of his talent as a commander was that he included in the plan of each operation some kind of action unexpected for the enemy, he knew how to deceive the enemy by a whole system of well-thought-out measures.
Having experienced all the wrath of Stalin in the first days of nightmarish failures at the fronts, Timoshenko Semyon Konstantinovich asked to be sent to the most dangerous area. Subsequently, the marshal commanded strategic directions and fronts. Under his command, there were heavy defensive battles on the territory of Belarus in July - August 1941. His name is associated with the heroic defense of Mogilev and Gomel, counterattacks near Vitebsk and Bobruisk. Under the leadership of Timoshenko, the largest and most stubborn battle of the first months of the war unfolded - Smolensk. In July 1941, the troops of the Western Direction under the command of Marshal Timoshenko stopped the advance of Army Group Center.
Troops under the command of Marshal Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan actively participated in the defeat of the German - fascist troops on the Kursk Bulge, in the Belorussian, Baltic, East Prussian and other operations and in capturing the fortress of Koenigsberg.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov commanded the 62nd (8th Guards) Army, which is forever inscribed in the annals of the heroic defense of the city of Stalingrad. Commander Chuikov introduced a new tactic to the troops - melee tactics. In Berlin, V.I. Chuikov was called: "General - Sturm." After the victory in Stalingrad, operations were successfully carried out: Zaporozhye, crossing the Dnieper, Nikopol, Odessa, Lublin, crossing the Vistula, Poznan citadel, Kyustrinsky fortress, Berlin, etc.
The youngest of the commanders of the fronts of the Great Patriotic War was an army general Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky. Chernyakhovsky's troops participated in the liberation of Voronezh, Kursk, Zhitomir, Vitebsk, Orsha, Vilnius, Kaunas and other cities, distinguished themselves in the battles for Kyiv, Minsk, were among the first to reach the border with Nazi Germany, and then smashed the Nazis in East Prussia.
During the Great Patriotic War Kirill Afanasyevich Meretskov commanded the troops of the northern directions. In 1941, Meretskov inflicted the first serious defeat in the war on the troops of Field Marshal Leeb near Tikhvin. On January 18, 1943, the troops of Generals Govorov and Meretskov, inflicting a counterattack near Shlisselburg (Operation Iskra), broke through the blockade of Leningrad. In June 1944 Marshal K. Mannerheim was defeated under their command in Karelia. In October 1944, Meretskov's troops defeated the enemy in the Arctic near Pechenga (Petsamo). In the spring of 1945, the “cunning Yaroslavets” (as Stalin called him) under the name of “General Maksimov” was sent to Far East. In August-September 1945, his troops participated in the defeat of the Kwantung Army, breaking into Manchuria from Primorye and liberating areas of China and Korea.
Thus, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, many remarkable military leadership qualities were manifested in our military leaders, which made it possible to ensure the superiority of their military art over the military art of the Nazis.
In the books and journal articles below, you can learn more about these and other outstanding commanders of the Great Patriotic War, the creators of its Victory.
Bibliography
1. Aleksandrov, A. The general was buried twice [Text] / A. Aleksandrov // Echo of the planet. - 2004. - N 18/19 . - S. 28 - 29.
Biography of Army General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky.
2. Astrakhan, V. What Marshal Bagramyan read [Text] / V. Astrakhan // Library. - 2004. - N 5.- S. 68-69
What kind of literature interested Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, what was his circle of reading, personal library - another stroke in the portrait of the famous hero.
3. Borzunov, Semen Mikhailovich. The formation of the commander G. K. Zhukov [Text] / S. M. Borzunov // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 11. - S. 78
4. Bushin, Vladimir. For the Motherland! For Stalin! [Text] / Vladimir Bushin. - M.: EKSMO: Algorithm, 2004. - 591s.
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6. Gareev, M. A."The name will shine ... the commander of commanders in the conduct of war by mass armies" [Text]: on the 60th anniversary of the Victory: Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov / M.A. Gareev // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N5. -C.2-8.
The article tells about the outstanding Russian commander Marshal of the USSR G.K. Zhukov.
7. Gassiev, V. I. He could not only make a quick and necessary decision, but also be in a timely manner where this decision was carried out [Text] / V. I. Gassiev // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 11. - pp. 26-29
The essay dedicated to a prominent and talented military leader contains fragments of the memoirs of those who fought side by side with I. A. Pliev during the Great Patriotic War.
8. Double Hero, Double Marshal[Text]: on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the birth of Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky / material prepared. A. N. Chabanova // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 11. - S. 2nd p. region
9. Zhukov G.K. At any price! [Text] / G.K. Zhukov // Motherland. - 2003. - N2.- P.18
10. Ionov, P. P. Military glory of the Fatherland [Text]: book. for reading on the "History of Russia" for Art. class general education School, Suvorov. and Nakhimov. schools and cadets. buildings / P. P. Ionov; Scientific - research. firm "RAU-un-t". - M.: RAU-University, 2003 - .Kn. 5: The Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945: (military history of Russia in the 20th century). - 2003. - 527 p.11.
11. Isaev, Alexey. Our " atomic bomb"[Text]: Berlin: Zhukov's biggest victory? / Alexei Isaev // Motherland. - 2008. - N 5. - 57-62
Berlin operation of Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov.
12. Kolpakov, A. V. In memory of the marshal-commander and quartermaster [Text] / A. V. Kolpakov // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 6. - S. 64
About V. V. Karpov and I. Kh. Bagramyan
13. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War wars [Text]: a review of the editorial mail of the "Military History Journal" // Military History Journal. - 2006. - N 5. - S. 26-30
14. Kormiltsev N.V. The collapse of the offensive strategy of the Wehrmacht [Text]: on the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk / N. V. Kormiltsev // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 8. - S. 2-5
Vasilevsky, A. M., Zhukov, G. K.
15. Korobushin, V.V. Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov: "General Govorov ... has established himself ... as a strong-willed and energetic commander" [Text] / V.V. Korobushin // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 18-23
16. Kulakov, A. N. Duty and glory of Marshal G.K. Zhukov [Text] / A.N. Kulakov // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 9. - S. 78-79.
17. Lebedev I. Order "Victory" in the Eisenhower Museum // Echo of the Planet. - 2005. - N 13. - S. 33
On the mutual awarding of the highest state awards during the Second World War to major military leaders of the victorious countries.
18. Lubchenkov, Yuri Nikolaevich. The most famous commanders of Russia [Text] / Yuri Nikolaevich Lubchenkov - M .: Veche, 2000. - 638 p.
Yuri Lubchenkov's book "The Most Famous Generals of Russia" ends with the names of the marshals of the Great Patriotic War Zhukov, Rokossovsky, Konev.
19. Maganov V.N."He was one of our most capable chiefs of staff" [Text] / V. N. Maganov, V. T. Iminov // Military History Journal. - 2002. - N12 .- pp. 2-8
The activities of the chief of staff of the association, his role in organizing military operations and commanding troops, Colonel General Leonid Mikhailovich Sandalov, are considered.
20. Makar I. P."By going over to the general offensive, we will finally finish off the main enemy grouping" [Text]: on the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk / IP Makar // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 7. - pp. 10-15
Vatutin N. F., Vasilevsky A. M., Zhukov G. K.
21. Malashenko E. I. Six Fronts of the Marshal [Text] / E. I. Malashenko// Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 10. - S. 2-8
About Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Stepanovich Konev - a man of difficult but amazing fate, one of the outstanding commanders of the 20th century.
22. Malashenko E. I. Fighter of the Vyatka land [Text] / E. I. Malashenko// Military History Journal. - 2001. - N8 .- p.77
About Marshal I. S. Konev.
23. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text] / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 1. - S. 13-17
A study about the commanders of the Great Patriotic War, who played an important role in leading the troops.
24. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text] / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 2. - S. 9-16. - Continuation. Nachalo N 1, 2005.
25. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text]; E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 3. - S. 19-26
26. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text]; E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 9-17. - Continuation. Beginning NN 1-3.
27. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text]: commanders of tank troops / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 6. - S. 21-25
28. Malashenko, E. I. Commanders of the Great Patriotic War [Text] / E. I. Malashenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 5. - S. 15-25
29. Maslov, A. F. I. Kh. Bagramyan: "... We must, we must definitely attack" [Text] / A. F. Maslov // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 12. - S. 3-8
Biography of Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan.
30. Artillery Strike Master[Text] / material prepared. R. I. Parfenov // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 4. - S. 2nd from the region.
To the 110th anniversary of the birth of Marshal of Artillery V.I. Kazakov. short biography
31. Mertsalov A. Stalinism and war [Text] / A. Mertsalov // Motherland. - 2003. - N2 .- pp.15-17
Stalin's leadership during the Great Patriotic War. Place Zhukov G.K. in the leadership system.
32. "We're in vain now we fight” [Text] // Motherland. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 88-97
Recording of a conversation between military leaders and political workers, which took place on January 17, 1945 with General A. A. Epishev. The question of the possibility of ending the Great Patriotic War earlier was discussed. (Bagramyan, I. Kh., Zakharov, M. V., Konev, I. S., Moskalenko, K. S., Rokossovsky, K. K., Chuikov, V. I., Rotmistrov, P. A., Batitsky, P.F., Efimov, P.I., Egorov, N.V., etc.)
33. Nikolaev, I. General [Text] / I. Nikolaev // Star. - 2006. - N 2. - S. 105-147
About General Alexander Vasilyevich Gorbatov, whose life was inextricably linked with the army.
34. Order "Victory"[Text] // Motherland. - 2005. - N 4. - S. 129
On the establishment of the Order "Victory" and the military leaders awarded by it (Zhukov, G.K., Vasilevsky A.M., Stalin I.V., Rokossovsky K.K., Konev, I.S., Malinovsky R. Ya., Tolbukhin F.I., Govorov L.A., Timoshenko S.K., Antonov A.I., Meretskov, K.A.)
35. Ostrovsky, A. V. Lvov-Sandomierz operation [Text] / A. V. Ostrovsky // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 7. - S. 63
About the Lvov-Sandomierz operation of 1944 on the 1st Ukrainian Front, Marshal I. S. Konev.
36. Petrenko, V. M. Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky: “The commander of the front and the ordinary soldier at times equally affect success ...” [Text] / V. M. Petrenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 7. - S. 19-23
About one of the most prominent Soviet commanders - Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky.
37. Petrenko, V. M. Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky: “The commander of the front and the ordinary soldier at times equally affect success ...” [Text] / V. M. Petrenko // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 5. - S. 10-14
38. Pechenkin A. A. Front commanders in 1943 [Text] / Pechenkin A. A. // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N 10 . - pp. 9 -16
The military leaders of the Great Patriotic War: Bagramyan I. Kh., Vatutin N. F., Govorov L. A., Eremenko A. I., Konev I. S., Malinovsky R. Ya., Meretskov K. A., Rokossovsky K. K. , Timoshenko S. K., Tolbukhin F. I.
39. Pechenkin A. A. Front commanders in 1941 [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2001. - N6 .- C.3-13
The article tells about the generals and marshals who commanded the fronts from June 22 to December 31, 1941. These are Marshals of the Soviet Union S. M. Budyonny, K. E. Voroshilov, S. K. Timoshenko, army generals I. R. Apanasenko, G. K. Zhukov, K. A. Meretskov, D. G. Pavlov, I. V. Tyulenev, Colonel Generals A. I. Eremenko, M. P. Kirponos, I. S. Konev, F. I. Kuznetsov, Ya. T. Cherevichenko, Lieutenant Generals P. A. Artemiev, I. A. Bogdanov, M. G. Efremov, M. P. Kovalev, D. T. Kozlov, F. Ya. Kostenko, P. A. Kurochkin, R. Ya. Malinovsky, M. M. Popov, D. I. Ryabyshev, V. A. Frolov, M. S. Khozin, Major Generals G. F. Zakharov, P. P. Sobennikov and I. I. Fedyuninsky.
40. Pechenkin A. A. Front commanders in 1942 [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2002. - N11 .- pp. 66-75
The article is devoted to the front commanders of the Red Army in 1942. The author cites full list military leaders of 1942 (Vatutin, Govorov, Golikov Gordov, Rokossovsky, Chibisov).
41. Pechenkin, A. A. They gave their lives for their Motherland [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 5. - S. 39-43
On the losses of Soviet generals and admirals during the Great Patriotic War.
42. Pechenkin, A. A. Creators Great Victory[Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 1. - S. 76
43. Pechenkin, A. A. Front commanders in 1944 [Text] / A. A. Pechenkin // Military History Journal. - 2005. - N 10. - S. 9-14
On the actions of the military leaders of the Red Army in offensive operations against the German invaders in 1944.
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About the fate of the commander of the Great Patriotic War Vasily Afanasyevich Khomenko.
46. Popova S. S. Military awards of the Marshal of the Soviet Union R. Ya. Malinovsky [Text] / S. S. Popova // Military History Journal. - 2004. - N 5.- S. 31
47. Rokossovsky, Konstantin Konstantinovich Soldier's duty [Text] / K. K. Rokossovsky. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - 366 p.
48. Rubtsov Yu. V. G.K. Zhukov: "Any indication ... I will take it for granted" [Text] / Yu. V. Rubtsov // Military History Journal. - 2001. - N12. - pp. 54-60
49. Rubtsov Yu. V. About the fate of Marshal G.K. Zhukov - the language of documents [Text] / Yu. V. Rubtsov // Military History Journal. - 2002. - N6. - pp. 77-78
50. Rubtsov, Yu. V. Marshals of Stalin [Text] / Yu. V. Rubtsov. - Rostov - n / a: Phoenix, 2002. - 351 p.
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Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov stayed at the post of commander-in-chief of the ground forces for a relatively short time. It must be assumed that his irreconcilable character did not come to court in the higher spheres.
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New information about the generals who died during the Great Patriotic War.
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56. Spikhina, O. R. Master of Environments [Text] / O. R. Spikhina // Military History Journal. - 2007. - N 6. - S. 13
Konev, Ivan Stepanovich (Marshal of the Soviet Union)
57. Suvorov, Victor. Suicide: Why did Hitler attack the Soviet Union [Text] / V. Suvorov. - M.: AST, 2003. - 379 p.
58. Suvorov, Victor. Shadow of Victory [Text] / V. Suvorov. - Donetsk: Stalker, 2003. - 381 p.
59. Tarasov M. Ya. Seven January days [Text]: on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the breaking of the blockade of Leningrad / M. Ya. Tarasov // Military History Journal. - 2003. - N1. - pp. 38-46
G. K. Zhukov, L. A. Govorov, K. A. Meretskov, M. P. Dukhanov, V. Z. Romanovsky
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Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich.
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About the little-known pages of the life of Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky.
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Rokossovsky K. K., Zhukov G. K., Konev I. S.
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The military career of one of the most prominent commanders of the Great Patriotic War, Marshal K. A. Meretsky.
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About Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov.
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The history of the battle near the Khalkhin-Gol River in 1939, a biography of commander Georgy Zhukov.
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About the fate of Marshal Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov.
The battles have long died down. The veterans leave one by one. But the heroes of the Second World War of 1941-1945 and their exploits will forever remain in the memory of grateful descendants. This article will tell about the brightest personalities of those years and their immortal deeds. Some were still quite young, while others were no longer young. Each of the characters has its own character and its own destiny. But all of them were united by love for the Motherland and a willingness to sacrifice themselves for its good.
Alexander Matrosov.
Orphanage pupil Sasha Matrosov went to war at the age of 18. Immediately after the infantry school, he was sent to the front. February 1943 turned out to be "hot". Alexander's battalion went on the attack, and at some point the guy, along with several comrades, was surrounded. It was not possible to break through to our own - enemy machine guns fired too densely. Soon Matrosov was left alone. His comrades perished under the bullets. The young man had only a few seconds to make a decision. Unfortunately, it turned out to be the last in his life. Wanting to bring at least some benefit to his native battalion, Alexander Matrosov rushed to the embrasure, covering it with his body. The fire is silent. The attack of the Red Army was ultimately successful - the Nazis retreated. And Sasha went to heaven as a young and handsome 19-year-old guy ...
Marat Kazei
When the Great Patriotic War began, Marat Kazei was only twelve. He lived in the village of Stankovo with his sister and parents. In the 41st he was in occupation. Marat's mother helped the partisans, providing them with her shelter and feeding them. One day the Germans found out about this and shot the woman. Left alone, the children, without hesitation, went to the forest and joined the partisans. Marat, who had completed only four classes before the war, helped his senior comrades as much as he could. He was even taken on reconnaissance; and he also participated in undermining the German trains. In the 43rd, the boy was awarded the medal "For Courage", for the heroism shown during the breakthrough of the encirclement. The boy was wounded in that terrible battle. And in 1944, Kazei was returning from intelligence with an adult partisan. They were noticed by the Germans and began to fire. The older comrade died. Marat fired back to the last bullet. And when he had only one grenade left, the teenager let the Germans get closer and blew himself up along with them. He was 15 years old.
Alexey Maresyev
The name of this man is known to every inhabitant of the former Soviet Union. After all, we are talking about a legendary pilot. Alexei Maresyev was born in 1916 and dreamed of the sky since childhood. Even the transferred rheumatism did not become an obstacle on the way to the dream. Despite the prohibitions of doctors, Alexei entered the flight - they took him after several futile attempts. In 1941, the stubborn young man went to the front. The sky was not what he dreamed of. But it was necessary to defend the Motherland, and Maresyev did everything for this. Once his plane was shot down. Wounded in both legs, Alexey managed to land the car on the territory occupied by the Germans and even somehow get through to his own. But time has been lost. The legs were "devoured" by gangrene, and they had to be amputated. Where to go to a soldier without both limbs? After all, she was completely crippled ... But Alexei Maresyev was not one of those. He remained in the ranks and continued to fight the enemy. As many as 86 times the winged car with the hero on board managed to take to the skies. Maresyev shot down 11 German planes. The pilot was lucky to survive that terrible war and feel the heady taste of victory. He died in 2001. "The Tale of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy is a work about him. It was the feat of Maresyev that inspired the author to write it.
Zinaida Portnova
Born in 1926, Zina Portnova met the war as a teenager. At that time, a native resident of Leningrad was visiting relatives in Belarus. Once in the occupied territory, she did not sit on the sidelines, but entered into partisan movement. She glued leaflets, established contact with the underground ... In 1943, the Germans grabbed the girl and dragged her to their lair. During the interrogation, Zina somehow managed to take a pistol from the table. She shot her tormentors - two soldiers and an investigator. It was a heroic act that made the attitude of the Germans towards Zina even more brutal. It is impossible to convey in words the torment that the girl experienced during the terrible torture. But she was silent. Not a word could be squeezed out by the Nazis from her. As a result, the Germans shot their captive without getting anything from the heroine Zina Portnova.
Andrey Korzun
Andrei Korzun turned thirty in 1941. He was immediately called to the front, sent to the artillerymen. Korzun took part in the terrible battles near Leningrad, during one of which he was seriously wounded. It was November 5, 1943. As he fell, Korzun noticed that the ammunition depot was on fire. It was necessary to urgently put out the fire, otherwise the explosion of huge force threatened to take many lives. Somehow, bleeding and in pain, the gunner crawled to the warehouse. The artilleryman did not have the strength to take off his overcoat and throw it on the flame. Then he covered the fire with his body. The explosion didn't happen. Andrei Korzun failed to survive.
Leonid Golikov
Another young hero- Lenya Golikov. Born in 1926. Lived in the Novgorod region. With the outbreak of war, he left to partisan. The courage and determination of this teenager was not to take. Leonid destroyed 78 fascists, a dozen enemy trains and even a couple of bridges. An explosion that went down in history and took away German general Richard von Wirtz - it is his handiwork. The car of an important rank flew into the air, and Golikov took possession of valuable documents, for which he received the star of the Hero. A brave partisan died in 1943 near the village of Ostraya Luka during a German attack. The enemy significantly outnumbered our fighters in number, and they had no chance. Golikov fought until his last breath.
These are just six of the great many stories that permeated the entire war. Everyone who passed it, who even for a moment brought victory closer, is already a hero. Thanks to such as Maresyev, Golikov, Korzun, Matrosov, Kazei, Portnova and millions of other Soviet soldiers, the world got rid of the brown plague of the 20th century. And the reward for their deeds was eternal life!
Heroes of the Great Patriotic War
Alexander Matrosov
Submachine gunner of the 2nd Separate Battalion of the 91st Separate Siberian Volunteer Brigade named after Stalin.
Sasha Matrosov did not know his parents. He was brought up in an orphanage and a labor colony. When the war began, he was not even 20. Matrosov was drafted into the army in September 1942 and sent to an infantry school, and then to the front.
In February 1943, his battalion attacked the Nazi stronghold, but fell into a trap, falling under heavy fire, cutting off the path to the trenches. They fired from three bunkers. Two soon fell silent, but the third continued to shoot the Red Army soldiers who lay in the snow.
Seeing that the only chance to get out of the fire was to suppress the enemy's fire, Matrosov crawled to the bunker with a fellow soldier and threw two grenades in his direction. The gun was silent. The Red Army went on the attack, but the deadly weapon chirped again. Alexander's partner was killed, and Matrosov was left alone in front of the bunker. Something had to be done.
He didn't even have a few seconds to make a decision. Not wanting to let his comrades down, Alexander closed the embrasure of the bunker with his body. The attack was successful. And Matrosov posthumously received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.
He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was called up for service in the Red Army. He got into the air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nicholas Gastello participated in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.
On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello took off to attack a German mechanized column. It was on the road between the Belarusian cities of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Aircraft Gastello was hit by anti-aircraft guns. The shell damaged the fuel tank, the car caught fire. The pilot could eject, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolai Gastello sent a burning car directly to the enemy column. It was the first fire ram in the Great Patriotic War.
The name of the brave pilot has become a household name. Until the end of the war, all the aces who decided to go for a ram were called Gastellites. According to official statistics, almost six hundred enemy rams were made during the entire war.
Brigadier scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.
Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He already worked at the factory, having finished the seven-year plan. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.
He was brave and determined, the command appreciated him. For several years spent in the partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. On his account, several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 destroyed Germans, 10 trains with ammunition.
It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops, Richard von Wirtz, was located. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy attack was thwarted, and the young hero for this feat was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked partisans near the village of Ostraya Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.
Pioneer. Scout of the partisan detachment named after Voroshilov in the territory occupied by the Nazis.
Zina was born and went to school in Leningrad. However, the war found her on the territory of Belarus, where she came for the holidays.
In 1942, 16-year-old Zina joined the underground organization Young Avengers. It distributed anti-fascist leaflets in the occupied territories. Then, under cover, she got a job working in a canteen for German officers, where she committed several acts of sabotage and only miraculously was not captured by the enemy. Her courage surprised many experienced soldiers.
In 1943, Zina Portnova joined the partisans and continued to engage in sabotage behind enemy lines. Due to the efforts of defectors who surrendered Zina to the Nazis, she was captured. In the dungeons, she was interrogated and tortured. But Zina was silent, not betraying her. At one of these interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Nazis. After that, she was shot in prison.
Underground anti-fascist organization operating in the area of modern Luhansk region. There were over a hundred people. The youngest participant was 14 years old.
This youth underground organization was formed immediately after the occupation of the Lugansk region. It included both regular military personnel, who were cut off from the main units, and local youth. Among the most famous participants: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vasily Levashov, Sergey Tyulenin and many other young people.
The "Young Guard" issued leaflets and committed sabotage against the Nazis. Once they managed to disable an entire tank repair shop, burn down the stock exchange, from where the Nazis drove people to forced labor in Germany. The members of the organization planned to stage an uprising, but were exposed because of the traitors. The Nazis caught, tortured and shot more than seventy people. Their feat is immortalized in one of the most famous military books by Alexander Fadeev and the film adaptation of the same name.
28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment.
In November 1941, a counteroffensive against Moscow began. The enemy did not stop at nothing, making a decisive forced march before the onset of a harsh winter.
At this time, the fighters under the command of Ivan Panfilov took up a position on the highway seven kilometers from Volokolamsk, a small town near Moscow. There they gave battle to the advancing tank units. The battle lasted four hours. During this time, they destroyed 18 armored vehicles, delaying the enemy's attack and frustrating his plans. All 28 people (or almost all, here the opinions of historians differ) died.
According to legend, the company's political instructor Vasily Klochkov, before the decisive stage of the battle, turned to the fighters with a phrase that became known throughout the country: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!"
The Nazi counteroffensive ultimately failed. The battle for Moscow, which was assigned the most important role during the war, was lost by the occupiers.
As a child, the future hero suffered from rheumatism, and the doctors doubted that Maresyev would be able to fly. However, he stubbornly applied to the flight school until he was finally enrolled. Maresyev was drafted into the army in 1937.
He met the Great Patriotic War at the flight school, but soon got to the front. During a sortie, his plane was shot down, and Maresyev himself was able to eject. Eighteen days, seriously wounded in both legs, he got out of the encirclement. However, he still managed to overcome the front line and ended up in the hospital. But gangrene had already begun, and the doctors amputated both of his legs.
For many, this would mean the end of the service, but the pilot did not give up and returned to aviation. Until the end of the war, he flew with prostheses. Over the years, he made 86 sorties and shot down 11 enemy aircraft. And 7 - already after amputation. In 1944, Alexei Maresyev went to work as an inspector and lived to be 84 years old.
His fate inspired the writer Boris Polevoy to write The Tale of a Real Man.
Deputy squadron commander of the 177th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment.
Victor Talalikhin began to fight already in the Soviet-Finnish war. He shot down 4 enemy planes on a biplane. Then he served in the aviation school.
In August 1941, one of the first Soviet pilots made a ram, shooting down a German bomber in a night air battle. Moreover, the wounded pilot was able to get out of the cockpit and descend by parachute to the rear of his own.
Talalikhin then shot down five more German planes. Killed during another air battle near Podolsk in October 1941.
After 73 years, in 2014, search engines found Talalikhin's plane, which remained in the swamps near Moscow.
Artilleryman of the 3rd counter-battery artillery corps of the Leningrad Front.
Soldier Andrei Korzun was drafted into the army at the very beginning of World War II. He served on the Leningrad front, where there were fierce and bloody battles.
November 5, 1943, during the next battle, his battery came under fierce enemy fire. Korzun was seriously wounded. Despite the terrible pain, he saw that the powder charges were set on fire and the ammunition depot could fly into the air. Gathering the last of his strength, Andrey crawled to the blazing fire. But he could no longer take off his overcoat to cover the fire. Losing consciousness, he made a last effort and covered the fire with his body. The explosion was avoided at the cost of the life of a brave gunner.
Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade.
A native of Petrograd, Alexander German, according to some sources, was a native of Germany. He served in the army from 1933. When the war began, he became a scout. He worked behind enemy lines, commanded a partisan detachment, which terrified the enemy soldiers. His brigade destroyed several thousand fascist soldiers and officers, derailed hundreds of trains and blew up hundreds of vehicles.
The Nazis staged a real hunt for Herman. In 1943, his partisan detachment was surrounded in the Pskov region. Making his way to his own, the brave commander died from an enemy bullet.
Commander of the 30th Separate Guards Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front
Vladislav Khrustitsky was drafted into the Red Army back in the 1920s. In the late 30s he graduated from armored courses. Since the autumn of 1942, he commanded the 61st separate light tank brigade.
He distinguished himself during Operation Iskra, which marked the beginning of the defeat of the Germans on the Leningrad front.
He died in the battle near Volosovo. In 1944, the enemy retreated from Leningrad, but from time to time made attempts to counterattack. During one of these counterattacks, Khrustitsky's tank brigade fell into a trap.
Despite heavy fire, the commander ordered to continue the offensive. He turned on the radio to his crews with the words: "Stand to the death!" - and went forward first. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in this battle. And yet the village of Volosovo was liberated from the enemy.
Commander of a partisan detachment and brigade.
Before the war, he worked on the railroad. In October 1941, when the Germans were already standing near Moscow, he himself volunteered for a difficult operation, in which his railway experience was needed. Was thrown behind enemy lines. There he came up with the so-called "coal mines" (in fact, these are just mines disguised as coal). With the help of this simple but effective weapon, a hundred enemy trains were blown up in three months.
Zaslonov actively agitated the local population to go over to the side of the partisans. The Nazis, having learned this, dressed their soldiers in Soviet uniforms. Zaslonov mistook them for defectors and ordered them to be allowed into the partisan detachment. The path to the insidious enemy was open. A battle ensued, during which Zaslonov died. A reward was announced for living or dead Zaslonov, but the peasants hid his body, and the Germans did not get it.
The commander of a small partisan detachment.
Yefim Osipenko fought back in the Civil War. Therefore, when the enemy seized his land, without thinking twice, he joined the partisans. Together with five other comrades, he organized a small partisan detachment that committed sabotage against the Nazis.
During one of the operations, it was decided to undermine the enemy composition. But there was little ammunition in the detachment. The bomb was made from an ordinary grenade. The explosives were to be installed by Osipenko himself. He crawled to the railway bridge and, seeing the approach of the train, threw it in front of the train. There was no explosion. Then the partisan himself hit the grenade with a pole from the railway sign. It worked! A long train with food and tanks went downhill. The squad leader survived, but lost his sight completely.
For this feat, he was the first in the country to be awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War."
The peasant Matvey Kuzmin was born three years before the abolition of serfdom. And he died, becoming the oldest holder of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
His story contains many references to the history of another famous peasant - Ivan Susanin. Matvey also had to lead the invaders through the forest and swamps. And, like the legendary hero, he decided to stop the enemy at the cost of his life. He sent his grandson ahead to warn a detachment of partisans who had stopped nearby. The Nazis were ambushed. A fight ensued. Matvey Kuzmin died by hand German officer. But he did his job. He was in his 84th year.
A partisan who was part of the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front.
While studying at school, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya wanted to enter a literary institute. But these plans were not destined to come true - the war prevented. In October 1941, Zoya, as a volunteer, came to the recruiting station and, after a short training at a school for saboteurs, was transferred to Volokolamsk. There, an 18-year-old partisan fighter, along with adult men, performed dangerous tasks: she mined roads and destroyed communication centers.
During one of the sabotage operations, Kosmodemyanskaya was caught by the Germans. She was tortured, forcing her to betray her own. Zoya heroically endured all the trials without saying a word to the enemies. Seeing that it was impossible to get anything from the young partisan, they decided to hang her.
Kosmodemyanskaya steadfastly accepted the test. A moment before her death, she shouted to the assembled local residents: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it's too late, surrender!" The courage of the girl so shocked the peasants that they later retold this story to front-line correspondents. And after the publication in the Pravda newspaper, the whole country learned about the feat of Kosmodemyanskaya. She became the first woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.
Introduction
This short article contains only a drop of information about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In fact, there are a huge number of heroes and collecting all the information about these people and their exploits is a titanic work and it is already a little beyond the scope of our project. Nevertheless, we decided to start with 5 heroes - many of them have heard about some of them, there is a little less information about others and few people know about them, especially the younger generation.
The victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved by the Soviet people thanks to their incredible efforts, dedication, ingenuity and self-sacrifice. This is especially vividly revealed in the heroes of the war, who performed incredible feats on and behind the battlefield. These great people should be known to everyone who is grateful to their fathers and grandfathers for the opportunity to live in peace and tranquility.
Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin
The history of Viktor Vasilievich begins with the small village of Teplovka, located in the Saratov province. Here he was born in the autumn of 1918. His parents were simple workers. He himself, after graduating from a school that specialized in the production of workers for factories and factories, worked at a meat processing plant and at the same time attended an flying club. After he graduated from one of the few pilot schools in Borisoglebsk. He took part in the conflict between our country and Finland, where he received a baptism of fire. During the period of confrontation between the USSR and Finland, Talalikhin made about five dozen sorties, while destroying several enemy aircraft, as a result of which he was awarded the honorary Order of the Red Star in the fortieth year for special successes and the fulfillment of assigned tasks.
Viktor Vasilievich distinguished himself by heroic deeds already during the battles in the great war for our people. Although he has about sixty sorties, the main battle took place on August 6, 1941 in the sky over Moscow. As part of a small air group, Viktor flew out on an I-16 to repel air attack enemy to the capital of the USSR. At an altitude of several kilometers, he met a German He-111 bomber. Talalikhin fired several machine-gun bursts at him, but the German plane skillfully dodged them. Then Viktor Vasilievich, through a cunning maneuver and regular shots from a machine gun, hit one of the bomber's engines, but this did not help stop the "German". To the chagrin of the Russian pilot, after unsuccessful attempts to stop the bomber, there were no live cartridges left, and Talalikhin decides to ram. For this ram, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
During the war there were many such cases, but by the will of fate, Talalikhin became the first who decided to ram, neglecting his own safety, in our sky. He died in October of the forty-first year in the rank of squadron commander, performing another sortie.
Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub
In the village of Obrazhievka, a future hero, Ivan Kozhedub, was born in a family of simple peasants. After graduating from school in 1934, he entered the Chemical Technology College. The Shostka flying club was the first place where Kozhedub received flying skills. Then in the fortieth year he entered the army. In the same year, he successfully entered and graduated from the military aviation school in the city of Chuguev.
Ivan Nikitovich took a direct part in the Great Patriotic War. On his account there are more than a hundred air battles, during which he shot down 62 aircraft. Of the large number of sorties, two main ones can be distinguished - a battle with a Me-262 fighter having a jet engine, and an attack on a group of FW-190 bombers.
The battle with the Me-262 jet fighter took place in mid-February 1945. On this day, Ivan Nikitovich, together with his partner Dmitry Tatarenko, flew out on La-7 planes to hunt. After a short search, they came across a low-flying aircraft. He flew along the river from the direction of Frankfupt an der Oder. Approaching closer, the pilots discovered that this was a new generation Me-262 aircraft. But this did not discourage the pilots from attacking an enemy aircraft. Then Kozhedub decided to attack on the opposite course, since this was the only way to destroy the enemy. During the attack, the wingman fired a short burst from a machine gun ahead of schedule, which could confuse all the cards. But to the surprise of Ivan Nikitovich, such an outburst of Dmitry Tatarenko had a positive effect. The German pilot turned around in such a way that he eventually fell into the sight of Kozhedub. He had to pull the trigger and destroy the enemy. Which he did.
The second heroic feat Ivan Nikitovich accomplished in mid-April of the forty-fifth year in the area of \u200b\u200bthe capital of Germany. Again, together with Titarenko, performing another sortie, they found a group of FW-190 bombers with full combat kits. Kozhedub immediately reported this to the command post, but without waiting for reinforcements, he began an attacking maneuver. German pilots saw how two Soviet aircraft, having risen, disappeared into the clouds, but they did not attach any importance to this. Then the Russian pilots decided to attack. Kozhedub descended to the height of the Germans and began shooting them, and Titarenko fired in short bursts in different directions from a higher altitude, trying to give the enemy the impression of the presence of a large number of Soviet fighters. The German pilots believed at first, but after a few minutes of battle, their doubts dissipated, and they proceeded to take active steps to destroy the enemy. Kozhedub was on the verge of death in this battle, but his friend saved him. When Ivan Nikitovich tried to get away from the German fighter, who was chasing him and being in the position of shooting the Soviet fighter, Titarenko was ahead of the German pilot in a short burst and destroyed the enemy machine. Soon a support group arrived in time, and the German group of aircraft was destroyed.
During the war, Kozhedub was twice recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union and was elevated to the rank of Marshal of Soviet Aviation.
Dmitry Romanovich Ovcharenko
The homeland of the soldier is the village with the speaking name Ovcharovo of the Kharkov province. He was born into the family of a carpenter in 1919. His father taught him all the intricacies of his craft, which later played an important role in the fate of the hero. Ovcharenko studied at school for only five years, then went to work on a collective farm. He was drafted into the army in 1939. The first days of the war, as befits a soldier, met on the front lines. After a short service, he received minor damage, which, unfortunately for the soldier, caused him to move from the main unit to serve at the ammunition depot. It was this position that became the key for Dmitry Romanovich, in which he accomplished his feat.
It all happened in the middle of the summer of 1941 in the area of the village of Arctic fox. Ovcharenko carried out the order of his superiors to deliver ammunition and food to a military unit located a few kilometers from the village. He came across two trucks with fifty German soldiers and three officers. They surrounded him, took away the rifle and began to interrogate him. But soviet soldier he was not taken aback and, taking an ax lying next to him, cut off the head of one of the officers. While the Germans were discouraged, he took three grenades from a dead officer and threw them towards the German cars. These throws were extremely successful: 21 soldiers were killed on the spot, and Ovcharenko finished off the rest with an ax, including the second officer who tried to escape. The third officer still managed to escape. But even here the Soviet soldier did not lose his head. He collected all the documents, maps, records and machine guns and took them to the General Staff, while bringing ammunition and food on time. At first, they did not believe him that he single-handedly dealt with a whole platoon of the enemy, but after a detailed study of the battlefield, all doubts were dispelled.
Thanks to the heroic act of the soldier, Ovcharenko was recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union, and he also received one of the most significant orders - the Order of Lenin, along with the Gold Star medal. He did not live to win just three months. The wound received in the battles for Hungary in January became fatal for the fighter. At that time he was a machine gunner of the 389th Infantry Regiment. He went down in history as a soldier with an axe.
Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya
Homeland for Zoya Anatolyevna is the village of Osina-Gai, located in the Tambov region. She was born on September 8, 1923 in a Christian family. By the will of fate, Zoya spent her childhood in gloomy wanderings around the country. So, in 1925, the family was forced to move to Siberia in order to avoid persecution by the state. A year later they moved to Moscow, where her father died in 1933. The orphaned Zoya begins to have health problems that prevent her from studying. In the fall of 1941, Kosmodemyanskaya joined the ranks of intelligence officers and saboteurs of the Western Front. In a short time, Zoya underwent combat training and began to fulfill her tasks.
She accomplished her heroic deed in the village of Petrishchevo. By order of Zoya and a group of fighters, they were instructed to burn a dozen settlements, including the village of Petrishchevo. On the night of November 28, Zoya and her comrades made their way to the village and came under fire, as a result of which the group broke up and Kosmodemyanskaya had to act alone. After spending the night in the forest, early in the morning she went to carry out the task. Zoya managed to set fire to three houses and escape unnoticed. But when she decided to return again and finish what she started, the villagers were already waiting for her, who, seeing the saboteur, immediately reported German soldiers. Kosmodemyanskaya was seized and tortured for a long time. They tried to find out from her information about the unit in which she served, and her name. Zoya refused and did not tell anything, but when asked what her name was, she called herself Tanya. The Germans considered that they could not get more information and hung it in public. Zoya met her death with dignity, and her last words went down in history forever. Dying, she said that our people numbered one hundred and seventy million people, and all of them could not be outweighed. So, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died heroically.
Mentions of Zoya are associated primarily with the name "Tanya", under which she went down in history. She is also a Hero of the Soviet Union. Her distinguishing feature is the first woman to receive this honorary title posthumously.
Alexey Tikhonovich Sevastyanov
This hero was the son of a simple cavalryman, a native of the Tver region, was born in the winter of the seventeenth year in the small village of Kholm. After graduating from a technical school in Kalinin, he entered a school military aviation. Sevastyanov finished her with success in the thirty-ninth. For more than a hundred sorties, he destroyed four enemy aircraft, of which two individually and in a group, as well as one balloon.
He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. The most important sorties for Aleksey Tikhonovich were fights in the sky over the Leningrad region. So, on November 4, 1941, Sevastyanov, on his IL-153 aircraft, patrolled the sky over the northern capital. And just during his watch, the Germans made a raid. Artillery could not cope with the onslaught and Alexei Tikhonovich had to join the battle. The German aircraft He-111 for a long time managed to keep out soviet fighter. After two unsuccessful attacks, Sevastyanov made a third attempt, but when it was time to pull the trigger and destroy the enemy in a short burst, the Soviet pilot discovered the lack of ammunition. Without thinking twice, he decides to go to the ram. The Soviet plane pierced the tail of an enemy bomber with its propeller. For Sevastyanov, this maneuver was successful, but for the Germans it all ended in captivity.
The second significant flight and the last for the hero was an air battle in the sky over Ladoga. Alexei Tikhonovich died in an unequal battle with the enemy on April 23, 1942.
Conclusion
As we have already said, not all the heroes of the war are collected in this article, there are about eleven thousand of them in total (according to official figures). Among them are Russians, and Kazakhs, and Ukrainians, and Belarusians, and all other nations of our multinational state. There are those who did not receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, having committed an equally important act, but by coincidence, information about them was lost. There was a lot in the war: the desertion of soldiers, and betrayal, and death, and much more, but the most great importance had feats - these are the heroes. Thanks to them, victory was won in the Great Patriotic War.
Veteran of the Great Patriotic War Karpunina Ksenia Pavlovna
Commissar of the 2nd Squadron of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Guard captain. In the Red Army since 1941. In the army since May 1942. As part of the regiment, she participated in the battle for the Caucasus, the liberation of the Kuban, Crimea. In 1943, due to the liquidation of the post of commissar, she left the regiment.
Veterans of the Great Patriotic War Antonov P.V. and Parshutkin V.T.
Antonov Pavel was born into a peasant family in the village. Starkovo, Moscow province, Bronnitsky district, Zagornovskaya volost, January 13, 1902.
Parshutkin Vasily Trofimovich was born on January 11, 1919. in the village of Krasny - Shadym, Mordovian ASSR.
Zapevalov Alexander Ivanovich
Alexander Ivanovich Zapevalov was born in 1897 in the village of Voskresenskoye, Cherepovets District. Vologda region. Member of the CPSU.
On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, he worked in the People's Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR. During the war he was at the front. Later, behind enemy lines, he was the commander of a sabotage group, the secretary of the party organization of the detachment, and later of the Budyonny brigade.
He was awarded the Order of the Red Star and nine medals.
Participants of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 -
Heroes of the Soviet Union, residents of the Northern Medvedkovo district
The hero of the USSR
BORISKIN Pyotr Nikitovich
Boriskin Pyotr Nikitovich was born on July 20, 1921 in the village of Asanovo, Korablinsky district, Ryazan region, into a peasant family. In 1939 he graduated from the 7th grade of the Nikitinsky incomplete secondary school and went to Moscow to live with his older sister. He got a job as a milling machine operator at the plant number 8 named after. Kalinin in the city of Kaliningrad, Moscow Region. On October 10, 1940, the Mytishchi RVC was drafted into the Red Army. He served in the Volga Military District in the 3rd tank division, in intelligence. battalion as a signalman-motorcyclist.
From October 1941 to December 15, 1942 Boriskin P.N. on the Volkhov front, where the command of the unit noticed a brave motorcyclist and sent him to study at the Kazan Tank School, from which he graduated in 1943. Having received the rank of junior lieutenant, he becomes a tank commander. He fights in the 87th separate tank regiment, which soon became the Red Banner Zhytomyr, which was part of the 15th Guards Mechanized Division, 1st Ukrainian Front.
Junior Lieutenant Boriskin P.N. with the crew of his tank took part in many military operations. He especially distinguished himself in battle, when in the direction of Art. Saw his tank as part of a platoon was in the Zimforst area. On the night of January 27-28, 1945, the enemy launched a counterattack with superior forces, as a result of which he cut off 4 tanks of the mechanized corps and the 21st Guards Cavalry Regiment from the rest of the division. The situation in this area has become serious. Then Junior Lieutenant Boriskin withdrew his tank from the ambush and, as part of a platoon, at night and in difficult terrain, went on the offensive against the enemy grouping. Only thanks to the bold and decisive actions of the tankers, the position of the 21st Guards Cavalry Regiment was restored, the enemy was thrown back to the previously occupied line of defense with heavy losses for him. In this fight Boriskin P.N. destroyed 2 tanks, 1 cannon and dispersed up to a company of enemy infantry.
In the battles for mastering the bridgehead on the western bank of the Oder River on January 31, 1945, junior lieutenant Boriskin received an order - to support the tank with fire and maneuver fighting 27th Guards Cavalry Regiment on the west bank of the Oder River along the Oderbrück-Leng road. 4 enemy self-propelled guns attacked his tank. The brave officer entered into single combat with them, and, despite the fact that the preponderance of forces was one to four, Boriskin P.N. came out victorious, destroyed two self-propelled guns of the enemy along with the crews. The rest turned back.
With his bold and decisive actions, Junior Lieutenant Boriskin ensured the safe entry of the division's units to the crossing. An enemy shell knocked out and set fire to his tank. The crew was completely disabled, the driver was killed, the radiotelegraph operator was seriously wounded. Junior Lieutenant Boriskin, being wounded, did not leave the tank and crew, but remained in the tank until the unit commander ordered to go to the hospital. Burning with hatred for the enemy, Boriskin P.N. did not go to the hospital, but sat on another tank and again rushed into battle, where he destroyed 1 tank, 2 armored personnel carriers with fire from a tank gun, suppressed the fire of one mortar battery and destroyed up to a company of enemy infantry.
For exemplary performance of combat missions of command in the battles for capturing and holding a foothold on the western bank of the Oder River, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, Junior Lieutenant Boriskin Petr Nikitovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
After the war, in 1947, Lieutenant Boriskin P.N. completed postgraduate courses officers at the Ulyanovsk Tank School and continued to serve in Soviet army. In 1953, with the rank of captain, he retired to the reserve, and until his retirement he lived and worked in the Moscow region, in the village of Lokomotivny, Solnechnogorsk district. After retirement, Boriskin P.N. moved to Moscow and lived in Severny Medvedkovo on Polyarnaya Street. On April 8, 1990, he died and was buried at the Transfiguration Cemetery.
For service to the Motherland, Hero of the Soviet Union Boriskin Pyotr Nikitovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the medals "For Military Merit", "For the Defense of Leningrad", "For the Victory over Germany" and many others. His surname is carved in the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union in the Hall of Fame on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow.
The hero of the USSR
EFIMOV Ivan Nikolaevich
Retired lieutenant colonel Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich was born on October 23, 1918 in the village of Novotroitskoye, Ternovsky district, Voronezh region, into a peasant family. After graduating from the 7th grade in 1936, he left for Moscow. He worked at a car depot and at the same time worked at the flying club, which he dreamed of from early childhood. In 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to the school of junior aviation specialists. In 1943 he graduated from the Ulyanovsk military aviation pilot school. Since February 1944 Efimov I.N. in the army, he flies on the Ilah, first as an ordinary attack pilot, then as an air unit commander of the 565th assault aviation regiment, 224th assault aviation division, 8th assault aviation corps, 8th air army, 4th Ukrainian front. In March 1944, the 224th Assault Aviation Division moved from the Moscow region to Ukraine.
In 1944 he participated in the battles for the liberation of Western Ukraine, including the cities of Starokonstantinov, Chernivtsi, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Drohobych, Lviv, in the battles for the liberation of the Carpathians. On March 19, 1944, as part of a group of 8 aircraft, Efimov I.N. . flew to attack the troops and military equipment of the enemy. Going on the attack, he brought down on the enemy the full power of the fire of his aircraft. From machine guns and cannons, he fired at the Nazis, who sat in the trenches and trenches, and with rockets and bombs he hit enemy artillery and mortar batteries.
In July 1944, having broken through the enemy's defenses, our troops rapidly moved forward. Already on the outskirts of Lvov, the command became aware that the enemy was preparing a counterattack. To the southeast of the city, the Nazis concentrated a large number of tanks and assault guns. And again Efimov I.N. on a combat course. Despite heavy anti-aircraft fire from the enemy, his group destroyed 5 enemy tanks on this sortie. Combat sorties for Efimov I.N. have become commonplace. It was especially difficult in the Carpathians. Flying between the mountains, he sought out and inflicted crushing blows on the accumulation of enemy troops in narrow gorges and passes. In 1945 Efimov I.N. participated in the liberation of Poland, in the battles over the Oder and in Czechoslovakia.
In February 1945, Efimov I.N., the leader of the eight attack aircraft, flew to attack the Zebrzydowice station in Polish Silesia. When approaching it, he noticed an enemy fortified area. The enemy met the Soviet planes with strong barrage fire. "Ilys" stood in battle formation and suppressed anti-aircraft batteries, others, at the command of the leader, attacked the armored train, fired at it with rockets, and then struck with anti-tank aerial bombs. The task was completed - the armored train was destroyed.
On another occasion, Yefimov was given the task of reconnoitring an enemy crossing across the Oder River. Pilots Efimov and Fufachev could not detect any signs of it. And when they were reconnoitering approaches to the river, trying to find at least access roads behind enemy lines, enemy anti-aircraft gunners opened heavy barrage fire. The follower fired a volley of rockets at the firing position of the fascist anti-aircraft gunners, located on the very bank of the river. At the same time, Efimov dropped several bombs. One of them fell into the water near the shore. After the explosion, fragments of logs and planks floated down the river. The crossing, hidden under water at a depth of 15 - 25 centimeters, was discovered and attacked by Soviet attack aircraft. The bombs were right on target.
By April 1945, the flight commander of the 565th assault aviation regiment, senior lieutenant Efimov I.N. made 142 sorties for reconnaissance and attack of railway echelons, armored trains, crossings, concentrations of enemy troops.
For the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against fascist german invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 29, 1945, Senior Lieutenant Efimov Ivan Nikolayevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
In total, during the war years, Efimov made 183 sorties to attack enemy military facilities. Deputy squadron commander senior lieutenant Efimov made his last sortie on May 8, 1945. It was near the city of Olomouc in Czechoslovakia.
June 24, 1945 Hero of the Soviet Union Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich participated in the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow.
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, Ivan Nikolaevich Efimov served in Air Force conscientiously fulfilling his military duty. A front-line soldier trained young pilots, generously passed on his rich combat experience to them. Died March 10, 2010.
Ivan Nikolayevich was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Star, the medal "For the Victory over Germany" and the 18th other medals. His name is carved on the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union in the Hall of Fame on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow.
Efimov Ivan Nikolaevich lived next to us in Zaryov Passage.
From the memoirs of participants in the Great Patriotic War, residents of the Severnoye Medvedkovo district
Veteran of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.
Alekseev Ivan Sergeevich
I, Ivan Sergeevich Alekseev, was born on January 14, 1927 in the village of Oskolishche, Volokonovsky District, Kursk (now Belgorod) Region, into a peasant family. I don't remember my parents. When I was five years old, there was a terrible famine in the country, there was nothing to eat, and my parents, saving me from starvation, threw me into an orphanage, and disappeared. I never saw them again, and later I learned that they had died. He was brought up and grew up in an orphanage. In 1941, with the approach of the Nazis to our area, our orphanage was evacuated to Uzbekistan, to the city of Namangan.
There I continued to study at a regular school, but, given my inclination and passion for music, I was transferred as a pupil to the 2nd Moscow School of Military Musicians, which was also located in Namangan. The school was headed by Colonel Zlobin. This school opened all the parades on Red Square before the war. In 1944, the head of the military orchestra service of the Red Army, General Chernetsky, came to the school to check and readiness to return the school to Moscow. In the same year, the school of military musicians returned to Moscow, including me.
Soon I was drafted into the army and sent to serve in the military band at the Higher School of Bandmasters of the Red Army. With this orchestra, as part of the combined orchestra, I took part in the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square on June 24, 1945.
In 1945, I entered this higher school, graduated in 1949, and was sent as a conductor to a separate Moscow special-purpose division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He served in various positions until 1987. He retired with the rank of colonel from the post of head of the military orchestra service of the special purpose division.
For service to the Motherland I have awards: the medal "For the Victory over Germany" and others anniversary medals, a total of 14 medals.
Member of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.
ZHIDKOV Elisey Grigorievich
I, Zhidkov Elisey Grigoryevich, was born on June 12, 1917 in Belarus. In 1939 he graduated from the Minsk Infantry School, was awarded the military rank of lieutenant.
During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, being an officer of the operational department of the headquarters of the 38th Army (second formation), he was directly involved in the preparation and conduct of operations conducted by the army troops.
the first major offensive operation, in which the 38th Army participated, was the Voronezh-Kastornenskaya. This operation is the beginning of the main victorious march of the 38th Army to Victory over fascism. By March 1943, the army fought its way to the line east of the city of Sumy. In July-August, she participated in the battle on Kursk Bulge. Then the defeat of the Nazis on left-bank Ukraine and participation in the heroic forcing of the Dnieper. She played a decisive role in the liberation of the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv.
From January 1943 until the victorious end of the war, the 38th Army advanced almost continuously to the west. They liberated hundreds of Soviet cities, thousands of villages, including: Sumy, Kyiv, Zhitomir, Vinnitsa, Lvov. Participated in the defeat of the enemy in Poland and Czechoslovakia.
The duties of an operations officer were long, complex, and sometimes deadly. In addition to direct participation in the planning and organization of military operations, the collection and generalization of situational data, the development of combat documents and bringing them to the executors, he performed combat missions related to command and control in various types of combat.
When crossing the Dnieper, I was on the bridgehead in the Lyutezh area as a representative of the Military Council of the army to correct the combat operations of the military branches and control the course of the battle to expand the bridgehead and prepare for the development of the offensive.
On January 28, 1944, during the operation to liberate right-bank Ukraine in the zone of operations of the 17th Guards rifle corps there was a difficult situation. The enemy with a large number of tanks and motorized infantry broke through the battle formations of our troops, cut railway south of Lipovets station and continued to move towards the village of Vladimirovka, threatening to go to the rear of our army.
Army Commander General Moskalenko K.S. decided to urgently turn the tank brigade on the march and counterattack the enemy. I had to convey this order to the corps commander and the commander of the tank brigade. However, communication with the corps and the brigade was absent at that time. I was ordered to urgently deliver the order of the commander to the destination on the U-2 plane. On approaching the headquarters of the corps, our aircraft was attacked by two enemy fighter aircraft. The pilot - senior lieutenant began to cling to the ground, trying to land, but was wounded in the air, and our plane crashed into the snow. I was sitting on the plane unattached, and I was thrown out of the plane about 30 meters ahead. At this time, the Messerschmites fired again at our plane, trying to burn it down. We fell on neutral territory. On the one hand, enemy tanks are firing, on the other, our artillery. The pilot was killed, I took his documents, ran to the corps headquarters and handed the order from the commander to the corps commander.
When we flew, communication with the corps was restored. The corps commander received this order by radio and at the same time reported that our plane had been shot down, and the officer and pilot had died. I walked about 40 kilometers to the army headquarters and reported to the commander that I had handed the order to the corps commander. The pilot was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Star.
In the battles on the right-bank Ukraine, the army continued to develop the offensive, repelling enemy counterattacks. The command post of the army moved after the troops at a short distance. The enemy, holding back our offensive, counterattacked with the use of "tiger" tanks. Some of our fighters could not stand it and began to retreat in a panic. The army commander sends me to the threatened area to clarify the situation. I went with the soldiers of the security company to the battle formations of the troops. Before the location of the army headquarters, we succeeded in firing machine guns over our heads and by our personal example to stop the fleeing. One lieutenant with the remnants of a 45 mm gun crew fled in a panic from the tanks and stopped in front of the house where the commander was located. At that time, I reported to the commander that the situation had been restored, the enemy attack had been repulsed. General Colonel Moskalenko saw an officer with a cannon through the window, ordered to bring him to him. The lieutenant reported in fright: "Everyone died, two soldiers and I survived." The commander ordered me to shoot the officer. I took him away from the house, fired twice in the air, and told the lieutenant: "Run quickly to your unit and continue to fight for real." I felt sorry for the young officer, he would come to his senses and still benefit the Motherland.
In difficult battle conditions, when unit commanders were out of order, he took control. More than once he led mobile groups to destroy the enemy, who had infiltrated on the flanks and junctions in the battle formations of our troops.
September - October 1944, the 38th Army carried out the Carpathian-Dukla operation. Parts of the 70th Guards Division in the area southwest of the city of Ivly, being cut off from the main forces of the army, on September 15 and 16 fought stubborn battles surrounded by the enemy. Army commander Moskalenko K.S. sent officers of the operational department to this difficult area - Lieutenant Colonel Syvak M.A., Major Lyshko O.A. and me - Major Zhidkov E.G. In difficult encirclement conditions, when a number of commanders fell out of action, we more than once took control of subunits and restored the situation in threatened sectors. In a fight with the enemy, Syvak and Lyshko were killed, I, by a lucky chance, remained alive.
Often it was necessary to assist the commanders of formations and units in the preparation, organization and conduct of the battle. To exercise control over the fulfillment by the troops of the tasks determined by the order. Provide the army command with data on the position of troops during the battle, and upon receipt of conflicting information, clarify it by the direct location on the front line or line occupied by advanced units.
The front commander, General of the Army Petrov I.E. arrived at the command post of the army. A decision was made to introduce the second echelon of the army to develop the offensive. In the direction of entering the 2nd echelon, fierce battles were fought for a large settlement with two divisions. One division commander reports that this settlement is occupied by the Germans, the second - that it is not. If busy - the 2nd echelon must be entered and vice versa. It was urgently necessary to clarify the veracity of the information on this report. The commander sends me urgently to clarify the situation on the spot. When I drove up to the point by car, our car was fired upon with automatic weapons, while the settlement itself was littered with the corpses of soldiers - ours and the enemy. On the outskirts, the command post of one regiment of our division was found in the attic of a house. The settlement was not occupied by the enemy, fierce battles were fought for it. Based on my report, truthful, the necessary decision was made to bring the second echelon into battle.
In the Carpathians in the Dukla direction, in fierce battles, he acted together with officers of the Czechoslovak Corps.
It seems to me that there is no need to list all the combat activities of an officer of the operational department of the headquarters. The department was the main body for command and control of troops in the hands of the commander and chief of staff of the army.
The war ended on May 9, 1945, but the troops of the 38th Army continued to destroy scattered enemy groups in Czechoslovakia until May 12. At this time, I finished my military service in the operations department of the headquarters and was sent to study at the M.V. Frunze.
On June 24, 1945, I took part in the Victory Parade in Moscow as part of the combined regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, commanded by Marshal Rokossovsky K.K.
After graduating from the academy M.V. Frunze, I continued my service in the Armed Forces. In 1952 he graduated from the second academy - General Staff, served in large operational headquarters. Before leaving the Armed Forces, he held the position of senior lecturer in the department of operational art at the military academy of the General Staff. In 1974, on July 12, he was dismissed from active military service to the reserve (due to age).
After his dismissal from the Armed Forces, he was hired by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Metrological Service of the State Standard for the position of head of the scientific department, where he worked for 17 years.
For service to the Motherland he was awarded: Orders of the Red Banner of War and the Red Banner of Labor, three Orders of the Red Star, three Orders of the "Patriotic War" and the Order "For Service to the Motherland in the USSR Armed Forces"; medals "For Military Merit", "For Distinction in Guarding the State Border of the USSR", "Veteran of the Armed Forces" and ten commemorative medals.
He was also awarded two foreign orders: the American Officer's Order of Merit and the Iranian Order of Hamayun, 2nd degree.
ZAKHAROV Sergey Fedotovich.
I, Sergey Fedotovich Zakharov, was born on February 28, 1921, into a peasant family in the village of Gruzdovka, Kaluga District, Kaluga Region. In 1929, they moved to live in the Moscow region, where he graduated from the 7th grade of high school and, before being drafted into the army, worked at enterprises in the city of Moscow. In April 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army and served as a private in a construction battalion until the start of World War II.
With the outbreak of war, he was transferred to 333 rifle regiment, with which he arrived on the Western Front near the city of Kalinin. The fascist army, following Hitler's directive, abandoned its main forces and sought to capture Moscow. Here, on the Western Front, participating in fierce battles with the Nazis, I was wounded, and after my recovery I was seconded to the city of Gorky for courses for junior commanders.
After completing the course, I arrived in the 2nd Tank Corps of the Voronezh Front in the motorized infantry. Retreating with battles, he reached Stalingrad, and on the outskirts of it he was again wounded. Treatment took place in a hospital in Saratov. After recovering, he again arrived in Stalingrad in the 284th rifle division of the 62nd army of the foreman company, with which he took part in the battles until the end of the defeat of the Nazis near Stalingrad, i.e. until February 2, 1943. Here he was twice lightly wounded, treated in the sanitary battalion.
After the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, I was sent to courses for lieutenants of the 62nd - 8th Guards Army. Upon completion of training on May 15, 1943, I was awarded the rank of lieutenant of the guards and remained in the courses as a commander of a rifle platoon and a teacher of fire and drill training.
After the first graduation of platoon commanders, he was sent to the front line by the commander of a rifle company of the 79th Guards rifle division 8th Guards Army to the 3rd Ukrainian Front. He took part in the crossing of the Dnieper River, in the liberation of the cities of Zaporozhye and Odessa. In the battles for the city of Krivoy Rog, he was again wounded, and was again sent to the Saratov hospital for treatment. After recovering, he was seconded to the city of Ulyanovsk for advanced training courses for infantry officers.
After studying for six months, he was sent to the 1st Belorussian Front in the 61st Army, the 9th Guards Corps, the 12th guards division commander of a rifle company. I served in this division until the end of the war, participating in the battles for the liberation of Warsaw, Koenigsberg, Frankfurt on the Oder, crossing the Vistula and Oder rivers, participating in the storming of Berlin, and was slightly wounded twice more.
At the end of the war, he was honored to take part in the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, 1945. When selecting candidates for the Parade, the following were taken into account: positive combat characteristics, military awards, height and drill bearing.
On June 25, 1945, he married, lived with his wife for 57 years, raised a son and a daughter. After the Victory Parade, he returned to Germany and served for another year in the military commandant's office of the city of Halle.
Member of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.
SIGALOV Victor Monevich.
I, Viktor Monevich Sigalov, was born on October 18, 1920 in the city of Dnepropetrovsk. In 1924 my family moved to Moscow, where I graduated high school and worked in a printing press. In 1939 he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to serve in the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (KBF). The war found me in the service of the 1st submarine brigade. We stood at the mouth of the Dvina, in Bolderai, 18 kilometers from Riga. After leaving Tallinn, they were based in Kronstadt.
On September 8, 1941, like many sailors, I was sent to the land front for the defense of Leningrad, to the 98th rifle regiment. In fierce battles near Oranienbaum (Lomonosov), on September 15, he was wounded, through a bullet wound to the right forearm and shoulder. The treatment took place in the hospital 1114 (Herzen Institute on Moika 48).
On November 8, 1941, he was discharged from the hospital and voluntarily went to the 5th separate ski battalion of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet (KBF), which was being formed. As part of the battalion, he participated in the defense of Kronstadt, the protection of the winter road connecting Kronstadt with the mainland, in defense and combat operations in the Oranienbaum region and the Krasnaya Gorka and Gray Horse forts. Here again he was wounded.
After recovering, from April 1942 he served in the 1st trawling brigade of the KBF (later - the 1st Red Banner trawling brigade) in the 4th division of the Red Banner minesweepers TShch 62 and TShch 65. Participated in trawling the bay, escorting ships and supplying our islands in Gulf of Finland, the liberation of the islands in the Vyborg Bay, the transfer of the 2nd Shock Army to the Oranienbaum bridgehead during the preparation of a breakthrough and lifting the blockade of Leningrad. He took part in the landing near Narva, the liberation of Tallinn, in the transfer of troops to the islands of Ezel and Dago.
On June 24, 1945, he participated in the Victory Parade in Moscow as part of the combined regiment of Baltic sailors with the rank of "foreman of the 2nd article." In 1947 he was demobilized, until his retirement he worked in the national economy of the country.
For service to the Motherland I have awards: the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Order of the Red Star, the Ushakov medal, the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad", the medal "For the Victory over Germany" and many commemorative medals.
Heroes of the Great Patriotic War, after whom the streets of the North-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow are named
Ivan Vasilievich Bochkov
Ace pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, participant in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars. He won more than twenty air victories, for his valor he was awarded the Orders of Lenin (twice), the Order of the Red Banner and the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, as well as the medal "For Courage".
Ivan Vasilievich Bochkov was born on September 17, 1915 in the territory of the present Baryatinsky district of the Kaluga region into a peasant family. In 1928 he came to Moscow. After graduating from the driver's course, he began working at the Caliber plant, while completing his studies at the flying club. In 1937 he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1939, Bochkov graduated from the Borisoglebsk Military Aviation School named after V.P. Chkalov, where he was sent to study.
He participated in the Soviet-Finnish war and was awarded a medal for his courage.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he had the rank of senior lieutenant, by February 1943 he was already a captain and head of the airborne rifle service of the 19th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, which was part of the 7th Air Army of the Karelian Front. In total, during the war, Bochkov made more than 300 sorties, participated in about 50 air battles, personally shot down 7 and as part of a group of 32 enemy aircraft. Heroic victories brought fame to the pilot - they jokingly said that the enemies put Bochkov in a difficult position, leaving no space on his plane for stars indicating the number of downed cars. The newspaper “Combat Watch” even called: “Pilot! Be as persistent, skillful and brave in battle as the captain Ivan Bochkov!”, but after the death of the ace.
On April 4, 1943, Ivan Bochkov and Pavel Kutakhov took to the skies on a combat alert. Bochkov defeated the formation of enemy aircraft, but noticed that Kutakhov was under attack, and hurried to the rescue. The life of a comrade was saved, but the ace himself died. He was buried in mass grave at the Shonguy station (Kola district of the Murmansk region).
May 1, 1943 Ivan Vasilyevich Bochkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.
In honor of Ivan Bochkov, a street was named in the North-Eastern district of Moscow, in the Ostankino district from Mira Avenue to Olminsky passage. In the garden of the Caliber plant, where Ivan Vasilyevich began to work, there is his bust.
Boris Lavrentievich Galushkin
Member of the Great Patriotic War, commander of the special detachment of the NKGB of the USSR "Help" of the partisan group "Arthur". Hero of the Soviet Union (November 5, 1944, posthumously), lieutenant.
Born in 1919 in the city of Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky (now the city of Shakhty).
In July 1941, from the fourth year of the institute, he volunteered for the Red Army and was sent to the front in the autumn of that year.
He fought on the Leningrad front, where he was wounded, hospitalized, but secretly fled from the hospital to the front. In 1942, he performed special tasks behind enemy lines in the territories of the Minsk and Vitebsk regions. In 1943 he became a member of the CPSU (b). In May 1943, he was appointed commander of the special detachment of the NKGB of the USSR "Help", which, in turn, was part of the "Arthur" group. Galushkin's detachment was able to derail twenty-four enemy echelons, destroy and damage twenty-three steam locomotives, dozens of vehicles, tanks and tractors, blow up six warehouses with ammunition and fodder, disable a paper mill in the city of Borisov, Minsk Region, a power plant, a timber and flax mill .
He died on June 15, 1944 during the exit from the encirclement as part of the assault group, which he commanded, in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Palik, Borisov District, Minsk Region.
He was buried in a mass grave in the village of Makovye, Borisovsky district, Minsk region, Belarus, among eighty-nine servicemen and partisans.
In honor of Boris Lavrentievich Galushkin, a street was named in the Alekseevsky district of the North-Eastern district of Moscow. Boris Galushkin Street starts from Prospekt Mira opposite the northern entrance of the All-Russian Exhibition Center, runs southeast parallel to Kasatkina Street, crosses Yaroslavskaya Street, Kosmonavtov Street, forming with it Academician Lyulka Square, Pavel Korchagin Street (on the right) and Rizhsky Proyezd, which, however, , at this point it is interrupted and goes out onto Boris Galushkin Street along with Pavel Korchagin Street. It ends at the overpass bridge over the railway tracks of the Yaroslavl direction, turning into Rostokinskiy proezd.
Sergei Konstantinovich Godovikov
Platoon commander of the 1183rd Infantry Regiment of the 356th Infantry Division of the 61st Army of the Central Front, lieutenant.
Born June 10, 1924 in Moscow. He graduated from nine classes of secondary school No. 237. He worked as a turner at the Caliber plant, was the secretary of the Komsomol factory committee.
In August 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from the Moscow Machine Gun School, stationed in the city of Mozhga, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since August 1943. Fought on the Central Front.
Platoon commander of the 1183rd Infantry Regiment, Junior Lieutenant S.K. Godovikov distinguished himself on September 28, 1943. The platoon successfully crossed the Dnieper near the village of Novoselki, and then, together with neighboring units, captured a bridgehead on the right bank of the river. Died in this battle. He was buried in the village of Novoselki, Repkinsky district, Chernihiv region.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 15, 1944, for the courage and heroism shown in forcing the Dnieper and holding a foothold on its right bank, Junior Lieutenant Sergei Konstantinovich Godovikov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In Moscow, a street was named after the Hero, a bust was erected on the Alley of Heroes on the territory of the Caliber plant. Godovikova Street is located in the Ostankinsky District of the North-Eastern District, between Murmansky Proyezd and Zvyozdny Boulevard.
Ivan Arkhipovich Dokukin
Member of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union, deputy squadron commander of the 504th assault aviation regiment of the 226th assault aviation division of the 8th air army of the South-Eastern Front, captain of the Air Force.
Born on June 17, 1920 in the village of Znamenka, now the Bolsheboldinsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Father died during the civil war. The mother went to work in Moscow, where in 1932 she took her son. After graduating from the FZU school, he worked as a welder in the thermite shop of the Moscow Caliber plant. In 1939, the Komsomol organization of the plant sent him to the glider school of the Rostokinsky district, after graduation - to the Tushinskaya, and then to the Serpukhov aviation school.
In the Red Army since 1939. In 1941 he graduated from the Serpukhov Military Aviation Pilot School. Since June 1941 in the army. The war found Ivan Dokukin in the aviation unit, which was based on the western border. From the very beginning of the war, the pilot participated in the battles. Defended the skies of Leningrad.
From October 9 to October 13, 1941, Ivan Dokukin on the Il-2 aircraft made 5 sorties to destroy enemy ground forces. As a result, together with other pilots of the unit, he destroyed up to a battalion of enemy infantry, several tanks and guns. In May 1942, near Kharkov, Dokukin, as part of the G8, made repeated raids on enemy airfields where Nazi fighters were stationed. Acting boldly and decisively, he and his comrades in a short time destroyed 15 German Me-109 aircraft on the ground and in air battles. From the middle of summer 1942, Dokukin fought at Stalingrad. On July 21, 1942, he made 9 combat visits to the enemy convoy, destroying 9 vehicles.
By September 25, 1942, the deputy squadron commander of the 504th assault aviation regiment, Lieutenant Dokukin, destroyed 8 aircraft, 15 tanks, 110 vehicles with military cargo, 15 motorcycles, 3 anti-aircraft guns, 4 gas tanks and many other enemy equipment.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 8, 1943, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Lieutenant Dokukin Ivan Arkhipovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal "(No. 833).
In the summer of 1943, Ivan Dokukin fought over the Mius River and in the skies of the Donbass. On July 8, 1943, he died in an air battle.
He was buried in the village of Zverevo, Rostov Region.
In the North-Eastern District, a street in the Rostokino district, located between Mira Avenue (beginning) and the intersection of 1st Leonov Passage with Leonov Street, bears the name of the Hero, as well as the team of the Caliber plant, on whose territory his bust is installed.
Sergey Vasilievich Milashenkov
Hero of the Soviet Union, attack pilot, born September 15, 1921, in the village of Lesovaya, now the Safonovsky district of the Smolensk region.
After graduating from the seven-year plan, he worked in Moscow in the artel of musical instruments, in the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper.
In the Red Army since 1940. In 1942 he graduated from the Engels Military Aviation Pilot School. Since December 1942 at the front. Squadron commander of the 109th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment, Guards Senior Lieutenant. Made 90 successful sorties. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1943.
On July 14, 1944, near the village of Mikulichi (Vladimir-Volynsky district of the Volyn region, Ukraine), during a combat mission, he was shot down. Then the pilot sent his burning plane to the accumulation of enemy troops. Air gunner Ivan Solop also died along with the pilot.
For this feat, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, S. V. Milashenkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Sergey Vasilyevich Milashenkov also awarded the Order Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of the Red Star, Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree, medals.
A street in the Butyrsky district of the North-Eastern District of Moscow, located between Fonvizin Street and Komdiv Orlov Street, is named after the Hero, the station of the Milashenkova Street monorail. Also in the Butyrsky district there is a secondary school No. 230 named after S.V. Milashenkov, a monument to the Hero was erected in the courtyard of school No. 1236.
Vladimir Alexandrovich Molodtsov
Soviet intelligence officer, captain of state security, partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union (November 5, 1944, posthumously) pseudonym - Pavel Vladimirovich Badaev. During the Great Patriotic War, he led a reconnaissance and sabotage detachment in occupied Odessa. Executed by the Romanian invaders. The place of burial is unknown.
Born on July 5, 1911 in the village of Sasovo, Elatomsky district of the Tambov province (now the Ryazan region).
In 1926 he joined the Komsomol (VLKSM) and soon became the secretary of the Kratov cell. After graduating from the Kratovskaya school, he studied at the 9-year-old school in the city of Ramenskoye, Moscow Region, finished the 10th grade at the Moscow Railway School No. 1. Labor activity started in 1929 as a laborer, then as a fitter's assistant. In 1934 he studied at the workers' faculty at the Moscow Engineering and Economics Institute. S. Ordzhonikidze. In the same year, at the call of the party, he was sent to study at the Central School of the NKVD of the USSR. Since 1935 - in the central office (GUGB) of the NKVD of the USSR, assistant detective.
Since 1935 - lived with his family in the village. Nemchinovka. From December 1937 - lived in Moscow.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War on July 8, 1941, he accompanied his wife with 3 children to the evacuation to the city of Prokopyevsk (Kemerovo region). On July 19, 1941, having received a special assignment from the command, V.A. Molodtsov arrived in Odessa to organize partisan formations and to lead sabotage and reconnaissance work behind enemy lines under the pseudonym Pavel Badaev (operational name "Kir"). Directly led the detachments in the Odessa catacombs and in the city. On October 16-18, 1941, the first partisan strikes were made on Romanian troops who invaded Odessa. Until the beginning of 1942, despite the extremely difficult conditions in the catacombs, a detachment of partisans repeatedly destroyed the lines wired connection, the railway track, sabotage was committed in the seaport, the dam of the Khadzhibey estuary was blown up, the enemy’s manpower and equipment were destroyed, roads were mined, valuable intelligence information was obtained for the Headquarters. Soviet aviation more than once delivered precise bombing strikes, the coordinates for which the commander transmitted to the Center. A detachment of 75-80 people, based in the catacombs, diverted significant forces of the SS troops and field gendarmerie, numbering up to 16,000 people. The Romanian and German security services blew up, mined and concreted the exits, released poisonous gases into the mines, poisoned the water in the wells, left ambushes, etc., but the detachment acted.
On February 9, 1942, as a result of the betrayal of one of the members of the detachment, the commander of the unit Molodtsov V.A., his contacts T. Mezhigurskaya and T. Shestakova, as well as Yasha Gordienko, were arrested at a safe house in the city. In the Siguran prison, the commander and partisans courageously endured savage tortures, but did not extradite anyone.
On May 29, 1942 - Molodtsov spoke for the first time only after the death sentence was announced - he answered the offer to file a request for pardon: “We do not ask for pardon from our enemies on our land!”
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 5, 1944, for the heroic deed shown in the performance of special tasks behind enemy lines, Captain of State Security Vladimir Alexandrovich Molodtsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Also, Vladimir Aleksandrovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, medals "For the Defense of Odessa" and "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.
The memory of the Hero is immortalized in many cities of Russia and Ukraine. A street was named after him, which runs in the Northern and Southern Medvedkovo districts in the North-Eastern administrative district of Moscow. In the Northern Medvedkovo district, a memorial plaque was opened in 2010, named after V.A. Molodtsov named secondary school No. 285.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Orlov
Soviet military leader, colonel. Fyodor Mikhailovich was born in the village of Teterovka, Grodno province (now the Grodno region of Belarus) in 1878. From 1899 to 1905 he served as a private in the Guards Ulansky regiment, took part in Russo-Japanese War. After graduating from the training team, he became a non-commissioned officer, took part in the First World War. After October revolution 1917 in the Red Army. Was sent to North Caucasus for the organization of the Red Guard and partisan detachments. In the spring of 1918 he was appointed commissar of the Kuban army. For military distinctions and exploits, he was repeatedly awarded with valuable gifts, including a gold personalized cigarette case. In 1920 Fedor Mikhailovich Orlov was awarded the first Order of the Red Banner. He was an associate of M.V. Frunze in the battles against Wrangel. In December 1920, he was appointed deputy commander of the Ukrainian and Crimean troops. In 1920-1921. Commander of the Kharkov Military District. From 1924 to 1931, for health reasons (during the Civil War, Orlov received 24 wounds and contusions), he was in the reserve of the Red Army. In 1931 he was appointed deputy head of the special department of military-technical propaganda of the Red Army. In 1935 he suffered a stroke, and in 1938 he was dismissed from the Red Army due to illness. From 1938 to 1941 deputy Head of the 7th Department of Plant No. 1 of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. In July 1941, Fyodor Mikhailovich appeared at mobilization point militia, but was refused, he was already 63 years old. But after urgent requests, he was enrolled in the militia. Later he commanded a company, a reconnaissance battalion of the 6th division of the people's militia. Participated in the battles near Yelnya, received two wounds, a shell shock, but remained in the ranks and withdrew the remnants of the 6th Moscow Militia Division from the encirclement. At the end of September 1941, he was appointed commander of the 160th Infantry Division, reorganized from the 6th Moscow Division of the Dzerzhinsky District People's Militia. January 29, 1942, in the area locality Gridenki Kaluga region Orlov as a result of a raid by German aircraft received the twenty-fifth, in a row, wounded. But already in August 1942 he returned to the troops again and only in 1946 he was dismissed from military service with the rank of colonel. Fedor Vasilyevich Orlov was awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner. A street in the Marfino district of the North-Eastern administrative district was named in honor of Komdiv Orlov.
Evgenia Maksimovna Rudneva
Navigator of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, Guards Senior Lieutenant. The hero of the USSR.
She was born on December 24, 1920 in the city of Berdyansk, now the Zaporozhye region of Ukraine. She lived in the village of Saltykovka, Moscow Region, in the city of Babushkin. In 1938, Zhenya graduated from high school with an honors certificate and became a student at the Mechanics and Mathematics Department of Moscow State University. Thanks to her extraordinary hard work and inquisitiveness, Zhenya quickly became one of the best students of the course at the university. In the same year, she began working in the All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Society (VAGO) in the Department of the Sun, and the very next year she was elected head of this department. At the same time, she also worked in the department of Variable Stars, with enthusiasm, often making observations all night long at the observatory on Presnya. In 1939, the first scientific article by E. Rudneva was published in the VAGO Bulletin No. 3: “Biological observations during solar eclipse June 19, 1936". When the Great Patriotic War began, Zhenya passed the spring examination session, finishing the third year. Passionately in love with her specialty, with distant inextinguishable stars, a student who was predicted to have a great future, she firmly decided that she would not study until the war was over, that her path lay to the front. In the Red Army - since October 1941, she graduated from the navigation school. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War - since May 1942, she was a crew navigator. Navigator of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front), Senior Lieutenant E.M. Rudneva made 645 night combat sorties to destroy crossings, railway echelons, manpower and equipment of the enemy. She fought on the Transcaucasian, North Caucasian, 4th Ukrainian fronts. Participated in battles in the North Caucasus, Taman and Kerch peninsulas. The brave pilot died a heroic death on the night of April 9, 1944 during the execution, along with P.M. Prokopieva, a combat mission north of the city of Kerch, Crimean ASSR. She was buried in the hero city of Kerch at the Military Memorial Cemetery. Even before her death, she was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, Senior Lieutenant Rudneva Evgenia Maksimovna was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders. She was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Red Star, as well as medals. In honor of Evgenia Rudneva, a street was named in the Babushkinsky district of the North-Eastern district of the capital, a monument was erected.
Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov
Soviet tank officer, participant in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Born on October 29, 1913 in the city of Ryazhsk, now the Ryazan Region. In the Red Army since 1939. He graduated from the courses of mechanics-drivers of tanks. Participant Soviet-Finnish war 1939-40s. Senior tank driver of the 232nd separate reconnaissance tank battalion (39th separate light tank brigade, 13th army, North-Western Front), Komsomol organizer of the company, junior commander Andrei Serebryakov distinguished himself in battles in the Vyborg direction. On February 12, 1940, in the battle for the city of Kyyurel, a tanker drove eight times combat vehicle on the attack, suppressing firing points and destroying enemy manpower. By their actions, the tank crew created favorable conditions for the offensive of the infantry unit. On February 28, 1940, during a reconnaissance raid deep into the enemy defenses in the area of Lake Kheykurila, Andrei Serebryakov located eight pillboxes. The tank was hit, but the crew continued to fight until dark. At night, the tankers repaired the damage and returned to their unit. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 7, 1940, "for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Finnish White Guard and the courage and heroism shown at the same time," Junior Commander Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal » (No. 295). After the end of hostilities, the tanker lived in Moscow since 1940, worked in the state security agencies.
Member of the Great Patriotic War since 1942. The commander of the tank company named after Felix Dzerzhinsky of the 475th separate heavy tank battalion (whose KV tanks were made in May 1942 at the expense of the workers of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow), junior lieutenant of state security Serebryakov A.M. died a heroic death in battle on July 27, 1942 during the defense of the city of Voronezh. He was buried in a mass grave No. 13 (city park of Voronezh). Andrei Mikhailovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (February 16, 1943, posthumously), and medals.
The name of Andrei Mikhailovich Serebryakov is a passage in the Sviblovo district of the North-Eastern administrative district.
